scholarly journals Effect of the electrolysis regime on the structural characteristics of honeycomb-like electrodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Nebojsa D. Nikolic ◽  
Goran Branković ◽  
Miomir G. Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Wall Width ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Hydrogen Bubbles

The effect of different current regimes of electrolysis on the micro- and nanostructural characteristics of open porous structures was examined by the analysis of honeycomb-like copper electrodes obtained by constant galvanostatic (DC) electrodeposition and by regimes of pulsating (PC) and reversing (RC) current. An increase in the number of holes formed by detached hydrogen bubbles, the decrease in wall width between holes and changes in surface morphology around holes from cauliflower-like agglomerates of copper grains to dendrites were observed in the following order: the DC, PC and RC regime. The hole size formed in the RC regime was smaller than the hole size formed in the DC and PC regimes. Analysis of the obtained structural characteristics showed that the specific surface area of the honeycomb-like electrodes was increased by the application of the PC and RC regimes in relation to the DC regime.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
André Olean-Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito ◽  
Celso Xavier Cardoso ◽  
Marcos F. S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Sensor Applications

The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.

scholarly journals Anti-corrosion porous RuO2/NbC anodes for the electrochemical oxidation of phenol

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 17373-17381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Guotong Qin ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Tianliang Xiao ◽  
Shaomin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Slow Reaction ◽  
Oxidation Of Phenol

Efficient anode materials with porous structures have drawn increasing attention due to their high specific surface area, which can compensate for the slow reaction rate of electrochemical oxidation.

Porosity, Specific Surface Area and Effective Thermal Conductivity of Anisotropic Open Cell Lattice Structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Balantrapu ◽  
Deepti Rao Sarde ◽  
Christopher M. Herald ◽  
Richard A. Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Thermally Conductive

Open-cell box-lattice structures consisting of mutually orthogonal thermally conductive cylindrical ligaments can be configured to have wide ranging porosity, a large specific surface area and effective thermal conductivity in a particular direction together with specified structural characteristics. Thermal and mechanical properties can be tuned (and anisotropy introduced) by specification of different filament diameter and pitch for the vertical and horizontal filaments. Analytical models for porosity, specific surface area and effective thermal conductivity of lattice structures having different ligament diameters and pitches (anisotropy) are developed. The models show that all three of these quantities are functions of three dimensionless lengths.   This paper was also originally published as part of the Proceedings of the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference.

scholarly journals Development of semi-synthetic catalyst based on clay and their use in catalytic cracking of petroleum residue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumarou Abdoulaye Dan Makaou ◽  
Soumahoro Gueu ◽  
Marou Gourouza ◽  
Kouassi Benjamin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Lanthanum Oxide ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Petroleum Residue ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Heavy Petroleum

AbstractTwo semi-synthetic clay-based catalysts were prepared. These catalysts were obtained by incorporating lanthanum oxide (Cat1) and chromium oxide (Cat2). They were then tested for catalytic cracking of a heavy petroleum residue (fuel). The two formulations were carried out in the presence of silica to improve their acidity then underwent an acid activation. The catalysts obtained were characterized by various methods (XRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, SEM). The results showed that the incorporation of oxides and the addition of silica improves the structural characteristics of the final products. The support used was a kaolinite rich clay, having a specific surface area of 15.26 m2/g and acidity of 14 meq/g. These values increase, respectively, to 456.14 m2/g and 50 meq/g for Cat1 and to 475.12 m2/g and 57 meq/g for Cat2. The influence of the type of oxide incorporated, the specific surface area, the porosity and the acidity of the catalysts on their catalytic activity was studied. The nature of the oxide used proved to be decisive on the quality of the catalyst. Thus Cat1, prepared with lanthanum oxide, showed the best performance in cracking the petroleum residue achieving a conversion rate of 74.13% compared to 66.53% for cat2.

scholarly journals Study on Adsorption Behavior of Nickel Ions Using Silica-Based Sandwich Layered Zirconium-Titanium Phosphate Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Grafting Method

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Chunmin Li ◽  
Jinsheng Zhao ◽  
Yusheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Titanium Phosphate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Zirconium Titanium Phosphate

In this study, the composite of silica-based sandwich-layered zirconium-titanium phosphate was prepared by a layer-by-layer grafting method and its adsorption properties in a diluted solution of Ni ions were specifically researched by the bath experiment method. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results presented the smooth surface morphology of the pristine adsorbent and a rough surface morphology of the adsorbed adsorbent and the energy dispersive analysis (EDS) results ensured the presence of the original metal element (Si, O, Ti, P, Zr) and the captured nickel element on the adsorbent. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the new band formation of -Si-Ti-O-, -Si-Ti-O-P-, and -Si-Ti-O-P-Zr-O-, which ensured the successful modification of the silica substrate by zirconium-titanium phosphate. The specific surface area and pore size distribution analysis indicated that the pore structure was changed from type-Ⅳ to H2-type and the specific surface area (BET) of the modified composite was 337.881 m2/g. In the bath experiment, the optimal pH for adsorbing Ni ions on the composite was ~8 with the equilibrium time 30 min at room temperature and the maximum sorption amount was 50.1 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics of the sorption process were corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the isothermal adsorption data were fitted well to the Redlich-Peterson Model. Thermodynamic simulation results revealed the species of Ni ions and provided a reasonable pH scope for better removal of the Ni element in wastewater.

Photocatalytic Property of Rice Husk Char/TiO2 Composite Prepared by Low-Temperature Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cheng ◽  
Yue Ming Li ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
Jian Ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Low Temperature Preparation ◽  
Temperature Preparation

In this paper, low-temperature preparation of rice husk char/TiO2 composite was developed by utilizing agriculture waste. nanosized TiO2 particles were successfully loaded to rice husk char by in-situ thermal treatment of impregnated rice husk. The structural characteristics and photocatalytic activities of obtained composites were investigated. The specific surface area of rice husk char was enlarged due to the catalytic effect of loaded TiO2 during thermal treatment. The porous rice husk char matrix combined with nanosized TiO2 particles offered large specific surface area and good photocatalytic property. This low-temperature preparation method provided a promising way to reuse the waste biomass and extended the applications of charcoal.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vinegar Processing on the Changes in the Physical Properties of Frankincense Related to the Absorption of the Main Boswellic Acids

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3453
Author(s):  
Dongrui Liang ◽  
Zhangchi Ning ◽  
Zhiqian Song ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
Yuanyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Boswellic Acids ◽  
Main Components

Boswellic acids (BAs), as the main components of frankincense, exhibit notable anti-inflammatory properties. However, their pharmaceutical development has been severely limited by their poor oral bioavailability. Traditional Chinese medicinal processing, called Pao Zhi, is believed to improve bioavailability, yet the mechanism is still completely unclear. Previous research suggested that the bioavailability of a drug can be influenced by physical properties. This paper was designed to investigate the physical properties of frankincense and processed frankincense, including the surface morphology, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), specific surface area, porosity, and viscosity. The differences in the intestinal absorption characteristics and equilibrium solubilities between frankincense and processed frankincense were determined by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS) analysis method. The results showed that vinegar processing can alter the surface morphology, decrease the particle size and PDI, raise the absolute values of the ZP, specific surface area and porosity, and drop the viscosity of frankincense. Meanwhile, the rates of absorption and dissolution of the main BAs were increased after the processing of frankincense. The present study proves that the physical properties were changed after processing, in which case the bioavailability of frankincense was enhanced.

Textural Characteristics of Products Obtained by Electrochemical Oxidation of Copper and Cadmium Using Alternating Current

2016 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Alesya S. Dolinina ◽  
Valery Korobochkin ◽  
Natalya Usoltseva ◽  
Eugene A. Sudarev ◽  
Alena V. Bikbaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Cadmium Oxide ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Oxide System ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
System A

The porous structures of nanoparticles of copper and cadmium prepared by AC electrochemical synthesis in solutions of acetate of sodium, chlorides of ammonium and sodium were studied. It is established that at current density of 1A/cm2 and concentration of NaCl 3 % wt. with the highest specific surface area (8.23m2/g), maximum pore volume (0.029 cm3/g) are formed, and the largest volume of the particles is characteristic of the nominal pore diameter - 62 nm. The values of specific surface area and total pore volume with increase in the temperature of calcination decrease, and the pores are slightly enlarged in diameter. Thus, the obtained data allow predicting operating parameters of the electrolysis to obtain copper - cadmium oxide system a predetermined porous structure.

Influence of processing on surface morphology and specific surface area for the nickel foam made by electrodeposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chen ◽  
Peisheng Liu ◽  
J.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Purpose With the nickel foam made by the technique of electrodeposition on polymer foam, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of several deferent processes on the surface morphology and the specific surface area of this porous product. Design/methodology/approach The surface morphologies of the nickel foam were examined by SEM. The specific surface area of the porous product was measured by gas (N2) permeability method and also calculated by the reported formula. Findings The nickel foam from sintering in NH3 decomposition atmosphere at 850°C will achieve the same specific surface area as that at 980°C, whether this porous structure after electrodeposition comes through direct sintering in NH3 decomposition atmosphere, or through burning in air at 600°C for 4 min beforehand then the same reductive sintering. Originality/value There have been some studies on the preparation and application of nickel foam, but few works focus on the processing influence on the specific surface of this porous product. The present work provides the investigations on the difference of the product made under different producing conditions, and the influence of several deferent processes on the specific surface area of the product.

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