scholarly journals Potential immunomodulatory activity of Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on macrophage infected with Streptococcus sanguinis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Suryani Hutomo ◽  
Denise Uatami Putri ◽  
Yanti Ivana Suryanto ◽  
Heni Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Streptococcus sanguinis is an oral commensal bacterium commonly found in periodontal lesions and deep abscesses that are usually dominated by anaerobic bacteria. As an important causative agent of systemic diseases, and with the increasingly numerous cases of antimicrobial resistance, some means of modulating the immune response to bacterial infection is thus necessary. Phyllanthus niruri Linn is widely used as a medicinal herb to both prevent and treat disease and demonstrates immunomodulatory properties. Purpose: This study aimed to observe the potential for aqueous extract of Phylanthus niruri to induce macrophage proliferation and NO production following S. sanguinis infection. Methods: Macrophages were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects, stimulated with P. niruri aqueous extract in graded doses and infected with S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 bacterial suspension. Cell proliferation and nitric oxide release was observed at 24 and 48 hours to determine macrophage activities. Results: NO production and cell proliferation started to increase upon 50 and 100µg/ml P niruri respective stimulation. Statistical analysis using One-way Anova demonstrated a significant difference of cell proliferation after stimulation with P. niruri aqueous extract at various doses (p<0.05). Conclusion: P. niruri aqueous extract induced macrophage proliferation and NO secretion upon S sanguinis infection, showing potential antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. At the same concentrations, NO production and macrophage were higher at 48 hours than at 24 hours.

scholarly journals Antifungal and immunomodulatory activity of Allium jesdianum Boiss extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Alireza Naeini ◽  
Roya Yaraee ◽  
Hojjatollah Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Macrophage Viability

Introduction: Macrophages are one of the key phagocytes against various pathogenic fungi, particularly Candida species killed by various mechanisms such as nitric oxide (NO) agents. The purposes of this research were to investigate the anti-Candida and immunomodulatory effects of the extracts from Allium jesdianum on mouse peritoneal macrophages. Methods: The antifungal assay of amphotericin B and nystatin, as well as hydroalcoholic extract from A. jesdianum was carried out using disk diffusion and broth macrodilution methods against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). Furthermore, microculture tetrazolium (MTT) and nitrite assays (Griess test) were applied to study the influence of the aqueous extract from A. jesdianum on macrophage viability indices and NO production, respectively. Results: The results showed inhibition zone values of 8, 16, 28 mm for A. jesdianum, amphotericin B and nystatin against the organism tested, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of A. jesdianum were found to be 330 and 663 μg/mL, respectively. Aqueous extract of A. jesdianum induced a significant decrease (2.8-fold at a concentration of 5 mg/mL and 4.3-fold at concentration of 10 mg/mL) in macrophage viability indices in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001) but there was no toxic effect at 1 and 0.5 mg/mL. In addition, the aqueous extract of A. jesdianum resulted in a significant increase in NO production at non-toxic concentrations (77.6 μM nitrite at concentration of 1 mg/mL and 79.4 μM at concentration of 0.5 mg/mL) by macrophages (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The extract of A. jesdianum showed an in vitro anti-C. albicans and NO stimulatory effect. More studies with purified immunomodulatory components of A. jesdianum should be performed in future to shed light on the exact mechanisms of this activity.

scholarly journals Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri protects against severe malaria by blocking erythrocyte invasion and modulating the host immune response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeje Temitope Olawale ◽  
Hironori Bando ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Ibukun Emmanuel Oluwafemi ◽  
Kentaro Kato
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Experimental Cerebral Malaria ◽  
Erythrocyte Invasion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Dysfunction

Plasmodium falciparum parasites are the major cause of malaria across Africa. Due to the appearance of multi-drug resistant parasites, new antimalarial drugs are needed. The medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri is being used to treat fever and other symptoms of malaria in Nigeria; however, little is known about its antimalarial mechanisms. Here, we show that aqueous extract of P. niruri (PE) has multiple antimalarial effects, including anti-parasitic and host immunomodulatory activity. We found that co-culture of P. falciparum with PE drastically reduced parasite number, but PE did not inhibit parasite development or rupture; rather, it blocked erythrocytes invasion. In addition, we identified Astragalin as one of the antimalarial compounds which are contained in PE. Moreover, we found that PE suppresses the inflammatory activity and apoptosis of immune cells (T cells) and astrocytes and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, we confirmed that oral administration of PE to mice suppressed parasite growth, excessive inflammation, CNS dysfunction, and the development of experimental cerebral malaria in an in vivo murine malaria model. Our findings demonstrate that PE has multiple effects on malaria progression, targeting both parasite and host cells.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Metronidazole, Clindamycin, and Amoxicillin Againts Streptococcus sanguinis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lim ◽  
Armelia Sari Widyarman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Viridans Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alveolar Osteitis

  Introduction: Viridans streptococci group such as Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), an anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria is a well-known for its involvement in dry socket (alveolar osteitis)-associated infection. Systemic amoxicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole have all been shown to be effective to inhibit this bacterium. However, there has been a lack of studies identifying which are the most effective amongst these antibiotics toward Streptococcus sanguinis.   Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of metronidazole, clindamycin, and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis in vitro.   Methods: This effectiveness was done by using agar well diffusion methods. S. sanguinis ATCC 10556 were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth at 37°C under anaerobic condition. After 48h, bacterial cells were harvested and counted using microplate reader (490 nm) to achieve optical density of 0.25-0.30 (107 CFU/mL). Subsequently, 100 μL of bacterial suspension was cultured on BHI agar and each antibiotic suspension was added into each agar well, incubated for 72h at 37°C. The inhibition zone diameters were measured with electronic caliper. All experiments were done in triplicate, and repeated two times in separated occasions. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. A  p<0.05 was considered as significance.   Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness, clindamycin and amoxicillin in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis (p<0.05), compared to metronidazole. The inhibition zone diameter with mean±SD (mm) are 13.50±2.0, 34.67±2.3 and 32.67±1.7 for metronidazole, clindamycin and amoxicillin, respectively.   Conclusion: Clindamycin and amoxicillin are more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis compared to metronidazole in this study. However, future studies are needed to confirm this result in vivo.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Red Deer Antler Promotes Hair Growth by Regulating the Hair Cycle and Cell Proliferation in Hair Follicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-jie Li ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Li-juan Gu ◽  
Yun-bo Wang ◽  
Mi-ra Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Anagen Phase

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. Crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4°C or 100°C and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n=9) at 1 mL/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. The mice skin quantitative hair growth parameters were measured and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine was used to identify label-retaining cells. We found that, in both the 4°C and the 100°C deer antler aqueous extract-injection groups, the anagen phase was extended, while the number of BrdU-incorporated cells was dramatically increased. These results indicate that deer antler aqueous extract promotes hair growth by extending the anagen phase and regulating cell proliferation in the hair follicle region.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory activity of an aqueous extract of Polygonum minus Huds on Swiss albino mice using carbon clearance assay

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie George ◽  
Sasikala Chinnappan ◽  
Yogendra Choudhary ◽  
Praveen Bommu ◽  
Murthy Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Polygonum Minus ◽  
Albino Mice

Tanshinone IIA Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Cell Proliferation in Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chan ◽  
Ju-Chi Liu ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Po-Yuan Chen ◽  
Tzu-Hurng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Enos Phosphorylation ◽  
Ros Formation

Tanshinone IIA extracted from Danshen, a popular medicinal herb used in traditional Chinese medicine, exhibits cardio-protective effects. However, the mechanism of its cardioprotective effect is not well established. The aims of this study were to examine whether tanshinone IIA may alter angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cell proliferation and to identify the putative underlying signaling pathways in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts were pre-treated with tanshinone IIA and stimulated with Ang II, cell proliferation and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression were examined. The effect of tanshinone IIA on Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were also examined. In addition, the effect of tanshinone IIA on nitric oxide (NO) production, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation were tested to elucidate the intracellular mechanism. The increased cell proliferation and ET-1 expression by Ang II (100 nM) were partially inhibited by tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone IIA also inhibited Ang II-increased ROS formation, and ERK phosphorylation. In addition, tanshinone IIA was found to increase the NO generation, and eNOS phosphorylation. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NOS, and the short interfering RNA transfection for eNOS markedly attenuated the inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA on Ang II-induced cell proliferation. The results suggest that tanshinone IIA prevents cardiac fibroblast proliferation by interfering with the generation of ROS and involves the activation of the eNOS-NO pathway.

Autologous Oxygen-Releasing Nano-Biomimetic Scaffold with Chondrocytes Promotes Joint Repair After Trauma

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-608
Author(s):  
Wuping Yao ◽  
Yuji Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
Liuyi Yao ◽  
Rui Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Osteochondral Fracture ◽  
Patellar Cartilage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffold ◽  
Joint Repair ◽  
Osteochondral Fractures

Our study assesses the role of a scaffold constructed by co-culture of autologous oxygen-releasing biomimetic scaffold (AONS) and chondrocytes in joint repair after trauma. A composite scaffold structure was used and a scaffold constructed of AONS and chondrocytes was transplanted into SD rats to create models of patellar cartilage fracture and hip osteochondral fracture, respectively followed by analysis of cell proliferation by immunofluorescence method, osteogenesis-related gene expression by RT-PCR, chondrocytes apoptosis by TUNEL staining. The blank control group and AONS composite chondrocytes have significant differences in apoptosis and cell proliferation of two fracture types (P <0.05). The autologous oxygen-releasing nanometers at 4 and 8 weeks showed a significant difference in the number of PCNA and TUNEL cells between biomimetic scaffold and chondrocytes in two groups (P < 0.05). The AONS and chondrocytes were effective for two types of fractures at 1, 4 and 8 weeks. The expression of various markers of intrachondral osteogenesis was decreased and the markers of hip osteochondral fracture were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Joint recovery was better than patellar cartilage fractures. The AONS composite chondrocyte scaffold promotes repair of patellar cartilage fractures and hip osteochondral fractures with a better effect on hip osteochondral fractures.

In Vitro morphological, optical and microbiological evaluation of nanosilver fluoride in the remineralization of deciduous teeth enamel

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitis Vieira Costa e Silva ◽  
Joás Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Cláudia C.B.O. Mota ◽  
Emery Clayton Cabral Correia Lins ◽  
Paulo Correia de Melo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mixed Linear Regression Model

AbstractBackgroundNanosilver fluoride (NSF) was developed as an alternative in the prevention of dental caries.PurposeThe aim of this study was to test the remineralizing action of NSF on incipient enamel caries and its antimicrobial action on the acid production and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.MethodsDeciduous enamel fragments were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), NSF and deionized water. Microhardness, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging were performed on each specimen before chemical caries induction, after caries induction and after 14 days of pH cycling. The treated enamel fragments were also placed into test tubes containing bacterial suspension and saliva. The pH readings and quantification of the adhered microorganisms to the dental enamel were determined. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Tukey and mixed linear regression model were applied.ResultsNSF and NaF were effective in enamel remineralization, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) to deionized water, and they had no statistically significant difference between themselves (p>0.005). NSF had greater effectiveness compared to NaF in preventing decreases of pH and adhesion of S. mutans to the enamel surface, with statistically significant (p<0.001) differences.ConclusionNSF may be more effective than conventional fluorides in treating incipient caries lesions due to its remineralization and antibacterial actions.

Prevalence of microorganisms associated with feline gingivostomatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nakanishi ◽  
Masaru Furuya ◽  
Takehisa Soma ◽  
Yoshiki Hayashiuchi ◽  
Ryusaku Yoshiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Positive Rate

Objectives Feline gingivostomatitis (FGS) is a painful chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of detection of certain common feline bacteria and viruses to determine any potential associations with FGS. Methods A multicentre case-control study design was conducted. In total, 72 control cats and 32 cats with FGS were included in the study. Oral swabs were cultured for bacterial identification and a PCR assay was carried out to examine the infection of feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Results There was a significant difference in age distribution between the control and the FGS group. Based on a PCR assay, the positive rate of FCV was significantly higher in FGS cats than control animals. For other infectious pathogens, including FHV-1, C felis and M felis, there was no significant difference. Bacterial culture of oral swabs revealed that Pasteurella multocida was most frequently detected, but the detection rate was significantly lower in FGS cats. In FGS cats, the incidence of Enterococcus faecalis and anaerobic bacteria were more frequently isolated than in control cats. Conclusions and relevance This study indicates that the positive rate of FCV was significantly higher in cats with FGS, and the microflora of the oral cavity of cats with FGS might be disrupted, although additional studies are required to compare the oral microbiome in cats of a variety of ages.

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