scholarly journals CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY TO GLOBAL HEALTH IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Shannon Suryaatmadja ◽  
Nova Maulani
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Background: Space technologies have been used in each aspect of mankind’s life, including health. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) has instigated several programs to address how space technologies can contribute to global health.Aims: This article deepened the understanding of how space technology contributes to global health and identified how it may be used in the context of COVID-19.Results: This research identified four different domains of space technology that can or may contribute to global health, which are remote sensing, global navigation satellite system, satellite communication, and human space flight. Generally, these four domains can track disease outbreaks and help mitigate its spread such as by minimizing patient contact with medical personnel. They also keep daily activities such as communication and work afloat. Future developments in space technologies may prove to have an even bigger role to minimize spread.Conclusion: Space technologies are invaluable in helping healthcare personnel and governments track the disease’s sources and spread. Also, they can identify locations with the most damage, and thus immediate actions can be taken. Keywords: geographic information system, infectious disease, outbreak, remote sensing, space technology.

scholarly journals Applications of Space Technologies to Global Health: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Dietrich ◽  
Ralitza Dekova ◽  
Stephan Davy ◽  
Guillaume Fahrni ◽  
Antoine Geissbühler
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

BACKGROUND Space technology has an impact on many domains of activity on earth, including in the field of global health. With the recent adoption of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals that highlight the need for strengthening partnerships in different domains, it is useful to better characterize the relationship between space technology and global health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the applications of space technologies to global health, the key stakeholders in the field, as well as gaps and challenges. METHODS We used a scoping review methodology, including a literature review and the involvement of stakeholders, via a brief self-administered, open-response questionnaire. A distinct search on several search engines was conducted for each of the four key technological domains that were previously identified by the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs’ Expert Group on Space and Global Health (Domain A: remote sensing; Domain B: global navigation satellite systems; Domain C: satellite communication; and Domain D: human space flight). Themes in which space technologies are of benefit to global health were extracted. Key stakeholders, as well as gaps, challenges, and perspectives were identified. RESULTS A total of 222 sources were included for Domain A, 82 sources for Domain B, 144 sources for Domain C, and 31 sources for Domain D. A total of 3 questionnaires out of 16 sent were answered. Global navigation satellite systems and geographic information systems are used for the study and forecasting of communicable and noncommunicable diseases; satellite communication and global navigation satellite systems for disaster response; satellite communication for telemedicine and tele-education; and global navigation satellite systems for autonomy improvement, access to health care, as well as for safe and efficient transportation. Various health research and technologies developed for inhabited space flights have been adapted for terrestrial use. CONCLUSIONS Although numerous examples of space technology applications to global health exist, improved awareness, training, and collaboration of the research community is needed.

scholarly journals GNSS-Acoustic Observations of Seafloor Crustal Deformation Using a Wave Glider

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Iinuma ◽  
Motoyuki Kido ◽  
Yusaku Ohta ◽  
Tatsuya Fukuda ◽  
Fumiaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Japan Trench ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Wave Glider ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Crustal deformation of the seafloor is difficult to observe solely using global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The GNSS-acoustic (GNSS-A) technique was developed to observe seafloor crustal deformation, and it has produced a steady series of successful observations with remarkable results related to crustal deformation associated with huge earthquakes around the Japanese Islands. However, utilizing GNSS-A incurs very large financial and human costs as it requires the use of a research vessel as a surface platform and has a limited observation frequency, which is less than once a year at seafloor stations along the Japan Trench. To conduct frequent observations, an automatic GNSS-A data acquisition system was developed that operates via an unmanned surface vehicle (wave glider). The first observations using this system were performed at a seafloor station off Aomori Prefecture in July 2019. The wave glider was equipped with two GNSS antennas, an acoustic transducer, a microelectromechanical system gyroscope, and associated control and logging units. Data acquisition and autonomous activation of the seafloor stations were successfully executed by controlling the power supply to the payload via satellite communication with the wave glider. The glider rarely strayed off the configured course and the solar panels generated sufficient power to perform the observations although the weather was mostly cloudy. The GNSS-A data processing results show that the position of the station was determined with the same accuracy and precision as in previous observations performed using a research vessel.

An Assessment of CYGNSS Ocean Wind Speed Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hammond ◽  
Giuseppe Foti ◽  
Christine Gommenginger ◽  
Meric Srokosz ◽  
Nicolas Floury
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Earth ◽  
L1 Data ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Ocean Wind

<p>Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is an innovative and rapidly developing approach to Earth Observation that makes use of signals of opportunity from Global Navigation Satellite Systems, which have been reflected off the Earth’s surface. CYGNSS is a constellation of 8 satellites launched in 2016 which use GNSS-R technology for the remote sensing of ocean wind speed. The ESA ECOLOGY project aims to evaluate CYGNSS data which has recently undergone a series of improvements in the calibration approach. Using CYGNSS collections above the ocean surface, an assessment of Level-1 calibration is presented, alongside a performance evaluation of Level-2 wind speed products. L1 data collected by the individual satellites are shown to be generally well inter-calibrated and remarkably stable over time, a significant improvement over previous versions. However, some geographical biases are found, which appear to be linked to a number of factors including the transmitter-receiver pair considered, viewing geometry, and surface elevation. These findings provide a basis for further improvement of CYGNSS products and have wider applicability to improving calibration of GNSS-R sensors for remote sensing of the Earth.</p>

scholarly journals Intravaginal Devices and GNSS Collars with Satellite Communication to Detect Calving Events in Extensive Beef Production in Northern Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Christie Pearson ◽  
Lucy Lush ◽  
Luciano A. González
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Very High

Observing calves at birth may help to identify risk factors for, and reduce, calf loss in extensive beef systems. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate two commercial satellite birth alert systems to enable the observation of newborn calves and (2) assess behavioral changes of cows around calving. Vaginal Implant Transmitters (VIT) paired with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) collars were worn by 20 cows in Trial 1 and 10 cows in Trial 2 to identify birthing events. The VIT and GNSS collars contained a temperature sensor, accelerometer, and very high frequency (VHF) to communicate with a handheld tracker, and ultra-high frequency (UHF) for communication between the VIT and GNSS collar, which had two-way communication using Iridium satellites. A change (Brand 1) or drop (Brand 2) in temperature of more than 3 °C and inactivity triggered the VIT to communicate an expelled alert to the collar, which transmitted the birth alert information via Iridium (device ID, date, time and geolocation of the GNSS collar at expulsion). Cows and calves were tracked in the paddock following a birth alert to assess their health and status. Overall, true birth alerts occurred in only 27.6% of devices. Cows remained active on the day of calving travelling 5.54 ± 4.11 and 5.00 ± 2.80 km/day compared to 6.45 ± 2.79 and 6.12 ± 2.30 km/d on days when calving did not occur for Trial 1 and 2, respectively (mean ± SD). Average activity of the accelerometer X- and Y-axis on calving day was reduced by 15%–20% compared to other days in Trial 1 (p < 0.05) but not in Trial 2 (p > 0.05). Results suggest that these two birth alert systems are not suitable for use in extensive systems and the further development of the technology is required. Cows in the current trials remained active on the day of, and after, calving, indicating that a faster, real-time alert system and communication protocol would be required to achieve the aim of finding newborn calves.

scholarly journals Space-Borne GNSS-R Ionospheric Delay Error Elimination by Optimal Spatial Filtering

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5535
Author(s):  
Qiuyang Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Junming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Statistical Probability ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Error Elimination ◽  
Absolute Bias ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Orbital Data

Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology is a new and promising remote sensing technology, especially satellite-based GNSS-R remote sensing, which has broad application prospects. In this work, the ionospheric impacts on space-borne GNSS-R sea surface altimetry were investigated. An analysis of optimal values for spatial filtering to remove ionospheric delays in space-borne GNSS-R altimetry was conducted. Considering that there are few satellite-borne GNSS-R orbit observations to date, simulated high-resolution space-borne GNSS-R orbital data were used for a comprehensive global and applicable study. The curves of absolute bias in relation to the bilateral filtering points were verified to achieve the minimum absolute bias. The optimal filtering points were evaluated in both statistical probability density and quantile analysis to show the reliability of the selected values. The proposed studies are helpful and valuable for the future implementation of high-accuracy space-borne GNSS-R sea surface altimetry.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Topology Optimization Strategy for GNSS Inter-satellite Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai HAN ◽  
Bingbing XU ◽  
Fengwei SHAO ◽  
Wenbin GONG ◽  
Qianyi REN
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Satellite Link ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Adaptive Topology ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Inter satellite link (ISL) is an effective way for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to reduce its dependence on ground infrastructure, which guarantees constellation orbit determination and satellite communication. When the number of onboard Ka-band ISL antennas is less than that of visible satellites, the inter-satellite link assignment of GNSS causes a problem. For the problem of inter-satellite link scheduling, considering that the result of the allocated link has a feedback effect on the subsequent link assignment as a priori knowledge, an adaptive topology optimization algorithm based on signed variance (ABSV) is proposed. In order to meet the requirements of communication and ranging performance, the time slot is divided into a communication time slot and a ranging time slot. Taking the waiting delay time of satellite communication and PDOP as measurement indexes, the proposed strategy is simulated for 10080 min. The results show that the ranging performance of this strategy is better than other recently published methods, which verifies the effectiveness of signed variance for adaptive link planning and is also beneficial to the survivability of constellation.

Navigation Satellite's Lifetime Model and Optimization Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4346-4351
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Xue Wen Xia ◽  
Zheng Gao Liu ◽  
Lei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Degradation Models ◽  
Lifetime Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Redundancy Design

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is an important infrastructure of the space-time positioning; not only plays an momentous role in the building of national defense and national economy, but also the world's major competitive battleground of space powers, space technology and its applications. Accurately grasp the characteristics of the life of the GNSS, redundancy of key components to establish a practical satellite program, is one of the prerequisites of the satellite lifetime assurance measures. In this paper, we build the satellite lifetime grid model based on the satellite key components lifetime degradation models, optimize the key components redundancy design scheme combining genetic algorithm. To guarantee the lifetime of the entire star, optimize the satellites cost, provide the theory support of decomposition and optimization of life indicators for GNSS.

scholarly journals Legal Review of the Liability Framework for Remote Sensing by Looking at the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Asadzadeh Talei ◽  
Sepideh Bouzari ◽  
Sakineh Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Legal Recognition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Compensation for losses in the law is certain and the civil liability system is designed to respond to this need. Nowadays, it is necessary to check compensation in different fields, and specialists in each field are seeking data to recognize liability issues and even reduce the risk of liability in their work. The legal recognition of the subject is necessary because the field of remote sensing and mapping is one of the fields with many activists and plays an important role in various aspects of the life of the community, but many people still do not have any data about their rights, and even those involved in this field as producers or consumers does not have legal data on this issue, and due to the involvement of this data in the lives of individuals and the existence of relevant cases in the judiciary. Therefore, the accurate recognition of this issue will cause questions in this field to be answered in law. And lawyers and judges can also rely on the recognition and analysis of this issue to avoid error and work more efficiently.Key words: Liability, Remote Sensing, Fault, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

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