scholarly journals SIDE EFFECTS OF INJECTABLE AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG REPRODUCTIVE WOMEN IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Maria Gayatri ◽  
Dian Kristiani Irawaty
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Provider Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Using contraception is essential for protecting women from the risk of unintended pregnancy. However, contraceptive discontinuation, caused by side effects of contraceptives or health problems, is still high. This study aimed to assess the impact of injectable and pill contraception discontinuation due to side effects or health problems on unintended pregnancy among women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia. This study is based on the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. As many as 1,613 women who discontinued their oral contraceptives and 5,022 women who discontinued their injectables were followed retrospectively. Pregnancy rates were tested for differences between categories using survival analysis. It was found that one year after stopping contraceptives due to side effects, almost 16-17% of oral/injectable contraceptive users were already pregnant. The pregnancy rate was higher among women aged less than 25 years. Unplanned pregnancy occurred more frequently among women who were not working than women who were working. Counseling services need to be strengthened by improving provider knowledge and skills to give comprehensive information including contraceptives’ side effects.

Method Related Attributes and Contraceptive Discontinuation: Results from A Prospective Study from Nairobi and Homa Bay Counties in Kenya.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Dibaba Wado ◽  
Martin K. Mutua ◽  
George Odwe ◽  
Francis Obare ◽  
Kazuyo Machiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Fertility Preferences ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation

Abstract Background: Rates of contraceptive discontinuation are high in many low and middle countries contributing to unmet need for contraception and other adverse reproductive health outcomes. Few studies have investigated how method specific beliefs and strength of fertility preferences affect discontinuation rates. This study examines this question using primary data collected in Nairobi and Homa Bay counties in Kenya.Methods: We used data from two rounds of a longitudinal study of married women ages 15-39 years (2812 and 2424 women from Nairobi and Homa Bay respectively at round 1) from two communities in Kenya. Information on fertility preferences, past and current contraceptive behavior, and method-related beliefs about six modern contraceptive methods were collected, along with a monthly calendar of contraceptive use between the two interviews. The analysis focused on discontinuation of the two most commonly used methods in both sites, injectable and implants. We carry out competing risk survival analysis to identify which method related beliefs predict discontinuation among women using at the first round. Results: The percentages of episodes discontinued in the 12 months between the two rounds was 36%, with a higher rate of discontinuation in Homa Bay (43%) than in the Nairobi slums (32%) and higher for injectables than implants. Method related concerns and beliefs were the major self-reported reasons for discontinuation in both sites. The competing risk survival analysis showed that the probability of method related discontinuation of implants and injectables was significantly lower among respondents who believed that the methods do not cause serious health problems (SHR=0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98), do not interfere with regular menses (SHR=0.76, 95% CI 0.61 - 0.95) and do not cause unpleasant side effects (SHR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.89). By contrast, there were no net effects of three method related beliefs that are commonly cited as obstacles to contraceptive use in African societies: safety for long-term use, ability to have children after stopping the method, and the approval of the husband.Conclusion: This study is unique in its examination of the effect of method specific beliefs on subsequent discontinuation for a method-related reason, using a longitudinal design. The single most important result is that concerns about serious health problems, which are largely unjustified and only moderately associated with beliefs about side effects, are a significant influence on discontinuation. The negative results for other beliefs show that the determinants of discontinuation differ from the determinants of method adoption and method choice.

scholarly journals Discontinuation of Different Contraceptive Methods in Thai Women During a One-year Period: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnop Jaisamrarn ◽  
Monchai Santipap ◽  
Somsook Santibenchakul
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Discontinuation Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Thai Women ◽  
Contraceptive Discontinuation ◽  
Contraceptive Implant ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Copper Iud

Abstract BackgroundEven though almost 80% of sexually active Thai women use modern contraceptives, yet unintended pregnancy remains a significant reproductive health issue. One possible explanation is that the women do not use contraceptives or stopped using contraceptives at some point in their lifetime. At present, there is scant information available about contraceptive discontinuation among Thai women. We assessed the discontinuation rate and the reason for discontinuation of the four most common contraceptives used by reproductive aged Thai women: combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), copper IUD, and contraceptive implant(s).MethodsThere were 1,880 women aged 18-45 years recruited from the Family Planning Clinic of the Chulalongkorn Hospital in Bangkok. The participants were followed at months 3, 6 and 12 either by attending the clinic or being interviewed via a phone call. Incidence density and cumulative incidence based on the Kaplan-Meier approach were used to assess contraceptive discontinuation. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine significant personal risks of discontinuing contraceptive.ResultsAmong all, 839 (44.6%) women initiated COCs; 494 (26.3%) initiated DMPA; 280 (14.9%) initiated copper IUD and 267 (14.2%) initiated contraceptive implant(s). The incidence density for discontinuation of COCs, DMPA, copper IUD, and contraceptive implant(s) were 21.33, 9.21, 4.36, and 2.26 / 100 person-year, respectively. Most of the women (185/222) discontinued their contraceptives because of the side effects. Compared to the contraceptive implant(s) users, adjusted HR (95% CI) of discontinuing COCs, DMPA, and copper IUD were 9.92 (4.38-22.46), 4.25 (1.81-9.98), 2.16 (0.81-5.76), respectively. Lower-income, higher parity numbers, history of miscarriage, and history of abortion were independent predictors of contraceptive discontinuation in a multivariable model.ConclusionsThe discontinuation rate of COCs, the most popular contraceptive method for Thai women, was the highest during the one-year period of the study. The primary reason for discontinuing the use of the various contraceptive methods was the side effects.

Abstract P194: A Prospective Study of the Association of Flushing Bother, Impact, Treatment Satisfaction and Discontinuation of Niacin Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine M Norquist ◽  
Jane Liao ◽  
Tiffany B Miller ◽  
Lori D Bash ◽  
Douglas J Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Real World ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Niacin Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Niacin has proven lipid-modifying efficacy and cardiovascular benefit. Previous cross-sectional and retrospective studies have suggested that niacin-induced flushing (NIF) significantly limits patient adherence to therapy. We conducted a one-year ‘real-world’ prospective observational study to characterize the impact and severity of NIF symptoms in subjects newly prescribed extended-release (ER) niacin. Methods: Subjects were surveyed daily during week 1 of therapy and thereafter via telephone at weeks 5, 9, 13 and months 6, 9 and 13. Surveys included the Global Flushing Symptom Score (GFSS), Flushing Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM). Results: A total of 306 subjects were recruited of which 43.5% (n=133) discontinued ER niacin by the end the study. Among those who discontinued, the median duration of ER niacin use was 95 days (range 2-402 days). At discontinuation, 3 (2.3%) subjects were on 250mg, 71 (54%) on 500mg, 1 (0.8%) on 750mg, 27 (20.3%) on 1000mg, 6 (4.5%) on 1500mg, and 4 (3.1%) on 2000mg. Dose was not available for 21 subjects. Over half of the discontinuers experienced flushing symptoms; 82% reported moderate to extreme flushing (GFSS≥4) and 68% reported severe to extreme (GFSS≥7) prior to discontinuation. About 74% of the discontinuers reported that moderate was the greatest degree of flushing they could tolerate before discontinuation. Those who discontinued and reported experiencing flushing side effects reported high degrees of impact in the FIQ Irritation/Frustration domain: mean (SD) 3.0 (1.3) (0=not at all, 4=extremely) and high dissatisfaction due to side effects as measured by the TSQM Side Effect domain: mean (SD) 63.3 (33.8) (0=extremely dissatisfied, 100=extremely satisfied). In addition, subjects who reported moderate or greater flushing bother during week 1 were 3.3 times more likely to discontinue due to flushing than those who reported less bother (95% CI: 1.01-10, p<0.05). Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that in a “real-world” setting, flushing side effects are bothersome and have an impact on continuation of ER niacin therapy. Further research is needed into alternative methods for increasing ER niacin acceptability.

The Impact of Lithium in South-West Scotland III. The Discontinuation of Lithium

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McCreadie ◽  
M. McCormick ◽  
D. P. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
General Population ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
South West ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

SummaryA review in South-West Scotland of all patients prescribed lithium for the first time during the years 1972–82 showed that on average, 12 per 100,000 of the general population start this drug each year. By the end of the period, lithium had been stopped in 58% of patients; the most common reason for discontinuation was the development of side-effects, of which tremor was the most frequent. In only 15% was lithium stopped as it was considered no longer necessary; 44% of patients discontinued lithium within one year of starting it.

scholarly journals Towards 2014/95/EU directive compliance: the case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Matuszak ◽  
Ewa Różańska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the differences in the extent of non-financial disclosure (NFD) across companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange over the period surrounding the implementation of the Directive 2014/95/EU. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprising 134 selected companies. Content analysis and a disclosure index were used to measure the level of NFD. Non-financial reporting practices in the two years before (2015) and one year after (2017) the implementation of the Directive were compared. Findings The results highlight that there is already a high level of compliance with the European Union’s regulation. The extent of the NFD across different thematic aspects in reporting media increased significantly between 2015 and 2017 in particular in human rights and anti-corruption. The Directive had the largest impact on those firms with previously low levels of NFD and led to more homogeneity of NFD across different industries. Originality/value The study contributes to the understanding of the impact of the Directive on the NFD practices by European Union companies. The research has important implications for policymakers because it revealed that mandatory regulations form a crucial instrument in improving the harmonization of NFD. The research suggests that, due to the Directive, stakeholders should be provided with more comprehensive information that they need in their decision-making process.

The Impact of Anglicizing Former German-Language Psychology Journals on Authorship and Citation Frequencies

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Krampen ◽  
Thomas Huckert ◽  
Gabriel Schui
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
English Language ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
German Language ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Authors

Exemplary for other than English-language psychology journals, the impact of recent Anglicization of five former German-language psychology journals on (1) authorship (nationality, i.e., native language, and number of authors, i.e., single or multiple authorships), (2) formal characteristics of the journal (number of articles per volume and length of articles), and (3) number of citations of the articles in other journal articles, the language of the citing publications, and the impact factors (IF) is analyzed. Scientometric data on these variables are gathered for all articles published in the four years before anglicizing and in the four years after anglicizing the same journal. Results reveal rather quick changes: Citations per year since original articles’ publication increase significantly, and the IF of the journals go up markedly. Frequencies of citing in German-language journals decrease, citing in English-language journals increase significantly after the Anglicization of former German-language psychology journals, and there is a general trend of increasing citations in other languages as well. Side effects of anglicizing former German-language psychology journals include the publication of shorter papers, their availability to a more international authorship, and a slight, but significant increase in multiple authorships.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

CONTRACEPTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S87-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiese ◽  
M. Osler
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intrauterine Contraception ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Unreliable Method ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

ABSTRACT A retrospective investigation was made of contraception in diabetic women delivered in our department in 1969 and 1970. Seventy-nine (69 per cent) answered the questionnaires. About one third had found the contraceptive instruction insufficient. A shift from conventional to intrauterine contraception and sterilization was seen, but nearly 25% of the patients were still using conventional methods, mainly the condom. The patients consider this an unreliable method. Thirty-three patients were using intrauterine contraception. Although 10 of them had bleeding irregularities, all were satisfied with the method. Sterilization had been performed on 17 patients, all of whom were fully satisfied and had experienced no side effects. Four of 11 insulin-requiring diabetics, who have used combined oestrogen-progesterone medication have had difficulties in the regulation of the diabetes. Of 24 unwanted pregnancies 12 occurred since the hospitalization in 1969 and 1970. In diabetic women the contraceptive method should either be sterilization, intrauterine device or low dose progestagens, and only in a few cases conventional. A thorough contraceptive instruction as well as a close control of the diabetic women are of importance in order to avoid unplanned pregnancy. The best way to achieve this is by having an out-patient clinic in connection with the obstetrical department to supervise contraception in all diabetic women in the area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document