scholarly journals Nasser Khosrow and Sanai Poets of Bipolar or Multipolar? (Poetic awakening from dream to reality)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Nusrat Fatemi ◽  
Reza Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Badizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Mental States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture

Different views have long been expressed about poetry, its essence and purpose. Poetry and the environment, together, are constantly changing and being influenced by each other. Poetry as a social necessity has always been a tool to promote worldly and spiritual purposes. Nasser Khosrow and Sanai, bipolar poets whose dark thoughts and ideas could not be found in the dark pole of their poetry and thought, and as a result of their inner intellectual and revolutionary awakening, marked a turning point in the history of culture and literature of this rich border. They figured out and made the poem, which they had previously employed in their worldly needs and lowly interests, as a means of spreading morality and religion, and they were epoch-making. Regardless of some of the intellectual contradictions that result from going through different mental states, their poetry has been a mirror of their society's pain and aspirations. This study, while explaining the characteristics of good and committed poetry and its mission, deals with the subject of intellectual awakening, its causes and contexts in the poetry and thought of these two poets, and examines the effect of this awakening on their intellectual orientation, whether it is possible between dark and light poles. Their thought was absolutely different, or this demarcation - in terms of their intellectual contradictions - is merely the result of views based on prejudice, absolutism and sanctification.

A Turning Point in the History of Polish Socialism and its Attitude Towards the Jewish Question

2004 ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Moshe Mishkinsky
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes a turning point in the history of Polish Socialism and its attitude towards the Jewish Question. In dealing with the concept of the Jewish Question, the intention is not, as is often the case, to dwell solely upon the legal status of Jews (emancipation) but to view the problems of Jewish existence in their diversity. According to one view, the dependence upon non Jewish society represents an integral element or, even a determinant, in these problems. In the context of Polish–Jewish relations from the historical perspective of the last hundred years, one may discern six aspects of the subject. These include the development of Socialist thought in its different versions as regards the Jews; the influence of the gradual growth and development of the emerging working class in Polish society; the influence of the relatively large involvement of Jews within the Socialist Labour Movement; the impact of the new processes which matured in the last quarter of the 19th century on the life of Eastern European Jewry in general, and on the Polish–Jewish area in particular; the growth alongside each other, but also in conflict, of two political and ideological movements — Polish Socialism and Jewish labour Socialism; and the tension between the Socialist and the national elements which was common to both yet different in its concrete content.

Psychosurgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
Marilyn Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain

The use of surgical procedures to alter mental states raises many issues. Surgery on the brain has been known for thousands of years, but procedures developed in the 1930s, ‘40s and ‘50s, and the reasons for them, raised many ethical issues that remain with us today. The following article touches on the history of psychosurgery, the conditions treated, the literature on the subject, and the ethical and legal issues.

VII.—On a Collection of Antiquities from the Early Iron Age Cemetery of Hallstatt, presented to the British Museum by Lord Avebury, 1916

Archaeologia ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
C. Hercules Read ◽  
Reginald A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute

The important series of antiquities that forms the subject of this communication was discovered at Hallstatt in the Salzkammergut, Austria, about the year 1869. The exploration was undertaken at the instance of Sir John Lubbock (afterwards Lord Avebury), and it is believed that a journal was kept of the daily results, as appears to have been the case in all instances where authorized digging took place on the site. Unluckily in the interval between 1869 and the present time the journal referring to Lord Avebury's exploration has disappeared, and we thus lack an important part of the information that it should have furnished, viz. the indications as to what objects were associated together, and whether the interments to which they belonged were by cremation or by inhumation. While this loss is much to be regretted, yet the absolute value and importance of the series is still very great, both as typical of the period which stands prominent as the classical example of a cultural turning-point in the history of the arts, and as filling a very serious gap in the evolutionary series in the national collection.

IV. The Disintegration of the Kartell and the Politics of Bismarck's Fall from Power, 1887–90

1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. G. Röhl
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
German History ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
German Reich ◽  
First World

Ever since the First World War, but especially during the Weimar period, Bismarck's dismissal has exercised a strong attraction on German historians, and has probably received more attention than any other event in the history of the Second Reich. In the troubled post-war years, 20 March 1890 seemed to stand out prominently as the fateful turning point of Germany's history. Wilhelm Schvissler, the first to exploit the unprecedented wealth of evidence available in consequence of the monarchy's collapse, did not hesitate to claim that ‘even at that time [1890] the downfall (Untergang) of the German Reich was written in the stars’. ‘Who would doubt’, he asked, ‘that our misfortune began there…and led to the catastrophe of the Imperial Monarchy and the German Reich—exactly 20 years after his [Bismarck's] death!’ This highly emotional approach to the subject was fully shared by Wilhelm Mommsen, whose standard work on the role of the political parties in the crisis appeared in 1924. Bismarck's fall, he wrote, ‘appears to us today as a turning point of German history, and it is only with deep feeling that we can recall the events of March 1890’. It is perhaps partly for this reason that these early writers tended to misinterpret the nature of Bismarck's relations with the parties in the crucial months before his fall. There was, for one thing, an inclination to idealize the bygone age in which ‘the State’ was thought to have stood incorruptibly ‘above the parties’, and as a result the party struggles of 1889 and 1890 were relegated to a self-contained compartment whence, it was held, they were able to influence the course of events only in the negative sense of providing no obstacle to the chancellor's dismissal. The influential work of Hans Rothfels probably typified this attitude, but even Mommsen warned his readers that his study of the parties could throw at best an oblique light on the crisis ‘since the parties had no direct and at any rate no significant effect on the course of those events’. According to Hans Herzfeld's summary of the present state of knowledge on the subject, this view is still widely accepted today.

scholarly journals THE TRADITION OF ABAY, IBRAY THE KAZAKH CHILDREN'S POETRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Z. Rustemova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Education ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Children's Poetry ◽  
Aesthetic Meaning

The article devotes theespesialities of Showinq of Abay, Ibyray`s traditions in Kazakh children literature for beqinninq of ХХ century. So, author have been qivinq his opinion to problems of thematic, ideas, qarmony, structurinq and Same in verses of poets-democtrats. In the history of culture, as you know, which people have developed and developed over the centuries, has its own national Outlook, a peculiar philosophy, folklore heritage, in a word, its own spiritual world. It is proved that at different times one of the richest zhurttardyns comes to the Treasury of national spirituality of the people. In recent years, the amount of spiritual wealth has been achieved further, both in different ways and in terms of aesthetic effect. One of the most striking examples of this concept is the Kazakh written children's literature. Today it is one of the richest in Kazakh literature, the history of which has a deep, philosophical and aesthetic meaning, always rich in thought and content.The study of the subject of literature, on the basis of which comprehensive education of children should be an in-depth study and practical use of various types of folklore for children, samples of written literature.

scholarly journals Art deco and avant-garde: the nature of interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Dobrydneva
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
International Exhibition ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Dialogue

The subject of this research is the distinctions between two fundamental trends in art of the XX century – art deco and avant-garde, as well as determination of the nature of their interaction. The object of this research is the original texts of artisans and art monuments belonging to both fields. Special attention is given to characteristics of the specific features of art deco and avant-garde, identification of similarities and differences of the two simultaneously developing stylistic concepts. The author examines the key event for the history of interaction of these two trends, namely the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts held in Paris in 1925, and criticism that formed views on art of the era of modernism. The scientific novelty consists in examination of the two paramount trends for grasping history of culture of the XX century in the context of their interaction. Since 1966, art deco was not recognized as an in dependent style, but rather closely connected with modernism and patterned on avant-garde. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in revelation of adaptive cultural mechanism that allowed art deco to overcome a number of problems, among which in underlines the relation to technological progress and mass society. The author highlights that both trends should be viewed in the context of cultural dialogue. First and foremost, they were united by orientation towards modernity and development of innovative language of art.

scholarly journals A Földközi-tengeri Szövetséges Légierõ1 Magyarországra vonatkozó felderítése, valamint a szövetséges légitámadások általános fotókiértékelése a II. világháború idején

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Pál Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World War ◽  
World War 2 ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean

The research of Allied Air Forces’ air raids on Hungary during World War 2 has come to a turning point. Hungarian historians have been content with roughly documenting the events; the thorough research of the background together with the motives for the attacks are yet to be explored. In my study I examined the Mediterranean Allied Air Force’s practice of photographic reconnaissance, intelligence and photographic interpretation, using the related documents and files. The Intelligence files of the Mediterranean Allied Air Force are major sources of the history of Allied air raids on Hungary in World War 2, and I pointed out that the complete research of the data on the subject by examining every piece of document available would lead to a more accurate understanding of the events. In addition to emphasizing the importance of the vast amont of data and documents on the subject, my intention was to provide reference to further research.

scholarly journals Labyrinth, Monster, Mirror. In speculo nulla est redemptio

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Rafael Herra
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Alter Ego

The importance of the labyrinth and the mirror in the history of culture has never ceased. This article reflects on what they agree on and what can be learned from them. The effort to determine where these myths converge brings me to the theme of the monster, which, however, is not always the same. In the article I point out the differences: the Minotaur represents power and is born alongside the labyrinth; the mirror monster, on the other hand, is inside the subject, and it is also an outer voice — an alter ego. Ethical consequences can be drawn from these observations.

Grotius in the Science of Law

1925 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roscoe Pound
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All

It has been customary to take Grotius's book for the starting point of one of the best marked eras in the history of jurisprudence. Any account of the development of theories of justice is likely to begin the modern history of the subject with Grotius, and to put as a classical epoch a period designated as “from Grotius to Kant.” Any account of theories of law is likely to set off a period from the revived study of Roman law in the Italian universities of the twelfth century to Grotius, and another from Grotius to the breaking up of the eighteenth century law-of-nature school. In almost all accounts of the history of the science of law, Grotius stands as marking a turning point.

The Development of NATO's Nuclear Strategy

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Heuser
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cold War

With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union, we have come to a turning point, perhaps the most important turning point, in the short but complex history of nuclear strategy. The Cold War is now history, albeit the sort of history that we will be living with for a long time yet. It is therefore time to review the policies and strategies of the Cold War in a historical perspective. In this essay, it is NATO's nuclear strategy during the Cold War that will be the subject of such a review.2

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