scholarly journals EFFECT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE BRAIN ON THE FORMATION OF THE DISEASE CLINICAL PICTURE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Prakhova ◽  
Ye. P. Magonov ◽  
A. G. Ilves ◽  
A. A. Bogdan ◽  
G. V. Kataeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Severity Of Disability ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of global and regional cerebral atrophy and volume of demyelination lesions in the brain with a clinical picture in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study involved 55 patients with MS. Control group included 22 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of disability, the type and duration of disease. Assessment of general and regional atrophy was performed by post-process volumetric segmentation of MRI data, which was acquired at 3T Philips Achieva scanner. The post-processing was done with the FreeSurfer software. It is shown that in MS patients brain atrophy develops both by means of gray matter (including the cortex and subcortical structures), and white matter, along with demyelination. Global and regional atrophy is associated with the severity of disability of patients according to EDSS scale, but not with the duration and type of the disease. Neurodegenerative changes of brain structures evolve with different rates, have different intensity and determine the set of symptoms of neurological impairment and severity of disability, which indicates the presence of certain patterns of the process of atrophy in the brain, forming the clinical picture of the disease.

Subcortical lesions in various phenotypes of multiple sclerosis and their prognostic significance

2021 ◽  
pp. 346 (404)-357 (411)
Author(s):  
Mariya Olegovna Poplyak ◽  
Artem Gennad’evich Trufanov ◽  
Aleksandr Vasil’evich Temniy Aleksandr Vasil’evich Temniy ◽  
Aleksandr Yur’evich Efimtsev ◽  
Oleg Borisovich Chakchir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Secondary Progressive ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
The Brain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system, mainly in young people, and leads to inevitable disability. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of involvement of subcortical structures in the pathological process in multiple sclerosis and to assess their prognostic significance. 80 patients with relapsing-remitting (n=48) and secondary progressive (n=32) phenotypes of MS were examined; the control group consisted of 20 healthy people of the corresponding age and gender. Clinical assessment was carried out on the following scales: EDSS, MSSS, MMSE, FAB, MoCA, SDMT, Beck’s test and HADS. All patients underwent MRI of the brain and MR-morphometry using the Freesurfer 6.0 software. In patients with multiple sclerosis, the neurodegenerative process is represented by a decrease in the volumes of the caudate nucleus and putamen, an increase in the volume of the third and lateral ventricles, an increase in CSF volume, and the presence of «black holes». The volume of the third and lateral ventricles, as well as the volume of CSF (general neurodegeneration), depends on the duration of the disease. The degree of disability (EDSS) is influenced by the volumes of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, and brainstem. In turn, cognitive decline is influenced by the volume of the thalamus, basal nuclei, brainstem, the volume of the lateral ventricles, and a decrease in the volume of the white matter and cerebellar cortex. Thus, dynamic assessment and monitoring of the volume of subcortical structures of the brain using MR-morphometry can act as a prognostic factor in the transition of the relapsing-relapsing phenotype of multiple sclerosis to the secondary progressive phenotype. English version of this article on pp. 404-411 is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/subcortical-brain-lesions-in-different-phenotypes-of-multiple-sclerosis-and-their-prognostic-significance/63941.html

scholarly journals A Brain to Spine Interface for Transferring Artificial Sensory Information

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol P. Yadav ◽  
Daniel Li ◽  
Miguel A. L. Nicolelis
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Corticostriatal Plasticity ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

AbstractLack of sensory feedback is a major obstacle in the rapid absorption of prosthetic devices by the brain. While electrical stimulation of cortical and subcortical structures provides unique means to deliver sensory information to higher brain structures, these approaches require highly invasive surgery and are dependent on accurate targeting of brain structures. Here, we propose a semi-invasive method, Dorsal Column Stimulation (DCS) as a tool for transferring sensory information to the brain. Using this new approach, we show that rats can learn to discriminate artificial sensations generated by DCS and that DCS-induced learning results in corticostriatal plasticity. We also demonstrate a proof of concept brain-to-spine interface (BTSI), whereby tactile and artificial sensory information are decoded from the brain of an “encoder” rat, transformed into DCS pulses, and delivered to the spinal cord of a second “decoder” rat while the latter performs an analog-to-digital conversion during a tactile discrimination task. These results suggest that DCS can be used as an effective sensory channel to transmit prosthetic information to the brain or between brains, and could be developed as a novel platform for delivering tactile and proprioceptive feedback in clinical applications of brain-machine interfaces.

scholarly journals OBJECTIFICATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS USING SPECIAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN THE SYSTEM OF MONITORING THE MENTAL HEALTH OF SERVICEMEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
D. A. Tarumov ◽  
A. A. Marchenko ◽  
A. G. Trufanov ◽  
G. G. Romanov ◽  
A. V. Lobachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Alcoholism and opioid addiction are the leading problems of modern narcology and together with adaptation disorders create a significant contribution to dismission from the ranks of the Armed Forces. Identifying the latent forms of mental disorders is of particular importance for making expert decisions at invoking. Special MRI techniques allow to evaluate the functional and microstructural connectivity of distant parts of the brain.Materials and methods. With the application of functional MRI and tractography, 405 patients were examined from the potential conscription pool: 76 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome, 170 with opioid dependence syndrome, and 9 with adaptation disorders. In patients suffering from adaptation disorders, opioid dependence and alcoholism, an analysis of the neural network of the passive mode of the brain was performed.Results. There was established, comparing to the control group, all the patients suffering from addiction demonstrated a weakening of the functional connections of all brain structures. Compared with the control group, the patients with drug addiction and alcoholism had microstructural deformation between the cortical and subcortical structures, especially between the amygdala and the hippocampus. The weakening of functional and microstructural links in the network of the passive mode of the brain in groups of drug addicts indicates that they have violated the processes of control, thinking and the correct decision making. In case of adaptation disorders, integral bilateral differences in terms of global and local node efficiency between groups of patients with adaptation disorder and healthy individuals showed a higher significance of the network of passive mode of the brain in the system of mutual functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex and preclinical. The data obtained create the basis for the creation of biomarkers for patients suffering from mental disorders, which can be used to examine, guide and evaluate the treatment of this pathology.

The evaluation of central pain mechanisms in patients with microvascular angina

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Leonova ◽  
N Burova ◽  
S Boldueva ◽  
M Demidova ◽  
A Khomulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Microvascular Angina ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. In patients with microvascular angina (MVA) besides of chest pain, a high neuronal activity of certain parts of the head (right anterior insula cortex) was revealed, which is not observed in the control in patients with coronary heart disease with coronary atherosclerosis. There is an opinion that the abnormal sensation of pain is caused not by myocardial ischemia, but by a violation of neuronal regulation. Functional MRI (fMRI) is currently a widely used method of functional mapping of the brain. The principle of the method is to register a BOLD signal (blood oxygen level-depended) from voxels (volumetric points) when examining the brain in response to the fulfillment of a task (paradigm). In response to the activation of a particular region of the brain, hemodynamic parameters change in it, which leads to a decrease in the level of deoxyhemoglobin and an increase in the level of oxyhemoglobin. With neuroimaging, this phenomenon is characterized by an increase in signal intensity in a series of T2 * images, the quantitative assessment of which allows indirectly determining the degree of neuronal activation. The study included 11 patients with MVA (3 men, 8 women). The average age of the patients was 61.45 ± 7.80 years. MVA was proved classic criteria and microvascular disorders (perfusion abnormalities) by cardiac PET. Neuroimaging examination included positron emission tomography scanning using 18-fluoro deoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning using the GO / NOGO two-stimulus experimental paradigm. Throughout the study, fMRI and PET data were obtained for 11 patients with MVA and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Results In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was detected during the execution of actions ("GO" tests) compared with the norm in some brain structures: bilateral anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, additional motor region, postcentral gyrus, left in the islet cortex, on the right in the supramarginal gyrus. When ignoring the second stimulus ("P-P ignore."). A decrease compared with the norm was found bilaterally in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, the wedge, on the right in the cortex of the rolandic operculum and supramarginal gyrus. The detected clusters of decreased neuronal activity when performing actions and ignoring the second stimulus intersect bilaterally in the middle and anterior cingulate cortex, in the left paracentral lobe, and the right supramarginal gyrus. When suppressing actions ("NOGO samples"), no significant differences were found. According to PET, no significant changes in the level of glucose metabolism in patients with MVA compared with the control group were found. Conclusion In patients with MVA, a decrease in neuronal activity was found when performing actions compared to the norm in some brain structures.

Anti-GM1 antibodies are not associated with cerebral atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Valentino ◽  
A Labate ◽  
R Nisticò ◽  
D Pirritano ◽  
A Cerasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Brain

Objectives The aim of this study was to correlate the brain atrophy with serum levels of anti-GM1 antibodies in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods Plasma sample from 52 patients with RRMS and 65 healthy controls were examined for anti-GM1 antibodies. Patients with RRMS underwent to MRI study with automated method called SIENAX that calculated an estimate of gray matter (GMV) and white matter (WMV) volumes. Results The percentage of RRMS patients with increased anti-GM1 was 37.8%. Elevated levels of anti-GM1 antibodies did not correlate with brain atrophy. Conclusions Anti-GM1 antibodies do not represent a marker of axonal damage in patients with RRMS.

scholarly journals Analysis of the connection of the concentration of iron in basal nuclei with cognitive impairments in patients with hypertension and atherosclerotic encephalopathy in the study of changes in the magnetic susceptibility of the subcortical structures of the

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
M. Petrenko ◽  
S. Grabovetskii
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

Vascular diseases of the brain are an important medical and social problem that negatively affects the economy of the country and the life of society as a whole. Discirculatory encephalopathy refers to slowly progressing disorders of the cerebral circulation, in which development of an essential role is played by hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and other diseases that affect the vessels of the brain. The purpose of the study was to identify a specific pattern of iron accumulation in the subcortical structures of the brain of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy patients to improve the diagnostic criteria for the development of cognitive impairment. For the study, 20 patients in the main group with a diagnosis of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy were selected, and the control group consisted of 20 patients, the results of which neuropsychiatric tests were within the normal range. According to the results of the study, the accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia is higher in patients with the main group compared with the control group. The exact mechanism for increasing the concentration of iron in the basal ganglia of the patients in the main group is not known, but this study confirms that deposition of subcutaneous iron may be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of vascular dementia that develops against the background of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy. The results of the study reliably established the existence of a negative correlation between hypointensity of subcortical nuclei and neuropsychological parameters in patients with the main group.

scholarly journals Analysis of the connection of the concentration of iron in basal nuclei with cognitive impairments in patients with hypertension and atherosclerotic encephalopathy in the study of changes in the magnetic susceptibility of the subcortical structures

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
M. Petrenko ◽  
S. Grabovetskii
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
The Brain

Vascular diseases of the brain are an important medical and social problem that negatively affects the economy of the country and the life of society as a whole. Discirculatory encephalopathy refers to slowly progressing disorders of the cerebral circulation, in which development of an essential role is played by hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and other diseases that affect the vessels of the brain. The purpose of the study was to identify a specific pattern of iron accumulation in the subcortical structures of the brain of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy patients to improve the diagnostic criteria for the development of cognitive impairment. For the study, 20 patients in the main group with a diagnosis of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy were selected, and the control group consisted of 20 patients, the results of which neuropsychiatric tests were within the normal range. According to the results of the study, the accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia is higher in patients with the main group compared with the control group. The exact mechanism for increasing the concentration of iron in the basal ganglia of the patients in the main group is not known, but this study confirms that deposition of subcutaneous iron may be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis of vascular dementia that develops against the background of hypertensive and atherosclerotic encephalopathy.The results of the study reliably established the existence of a negative correlation between hypointensity of subcortical nuclei and neuropsychological parameters in patients with the main group.

scholarly journals Fusion of quantitative susceptibility maps and T1-weighted images improve brain tissue contrast in primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshit Dadarwal ◽  
Michael Ortiz-Rios ◽  
Susann Boretius
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
List Type ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
T1 Contrast ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRecent progress in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled the accurate delineation of submillimeter scale subcortical brain structures in humans. QSM reflects the magnetic susceptibility arising from the spatial distribution of iron, myelin, and calcium in the brain. The simultaneous visualization of cortical, subcortical, and white matter structure remains, however, challenging, utilizing QSM data solely. Here we present TQ-SILiCON, a fusion method that enhances the contrast of cortical and subcortical structures and provides an excellent white matter delineation by combining QSM and conventional T1-weighted (T1w) images. In this study, we first established QSM in the macaque monkey to map iron-rich subcortical structures. Implementing the same QSM acquisition and analyses methods allowed a similar accurate delineation of subcortical structures in humans. Moreover, applying automatic brain tissue segmentation to TQ-SILiCON images of the macaque improved the classification of the brain tissue types as compared to the single T1 contrast. Furthermore, we validate our dual-contrast fusion approach in humans and similarly demonstrate improvements in automated segmentation of cortical and subcortical structures. We believe the proposed contrast will facilitate translational studies in non-human primates to investigate the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases that affect the subcortical structures of the basal ganglia in humans.HighlightsThe subcortical gray matter areas of macaque monkeys are reliably mapped by QSM, much as they are in humans.Combining T1w and QSM images improves the visualization and segmentation of white matter, cortical and subcortical structures in the macaque monkey.The proposed dual contrast TQ-SILiCON provides a similar image quality also in humans.TQ-SILiCON facilitates comparative and translational neuroscience studies investigating subcortical structures.

scholarly journals Biochemical and morphometric methods for assessing cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2636
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Samoilova ◽  
O. P. Leyman ◽  
O. S. Tonkih ◽  
M. V. Matveeva ◽  
D. A. Kudlay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim. To study the features of biochemical and morphometric parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cognitive impairment (CI).Material and methods. The experimental group included 72 patients with CI and T2D, the control group − 20 patients with T2D and without CI. We used the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) to assess the presence of CI. We also evaluated the levels of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and data of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results. We revealed that patients with T2D and CI have high HbA1c levels, but there was no significant difference of 1,5-AG levels between the groups. In patients with CI, we also established a decrease in gray and white matter surface area, as well as subcortical structures (the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and putamen on both sides; the amygdala and globus pallidus on the right). The severity of CI correlated with polyneuropathy severity. In patients with proliferative retinopathy, there was a decrease in the volume of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. Conclusion. The study revealed that patients with T2D with CI have worse  levels  of  carbohydrate  metabolism  parameters,  as  well  as a decrease in the cortical and subcortical brain structures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document