scholarly journals The Contractual Framework of Trade and Economic Cooperation of Central Asian Countries with the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
L. Kupina
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The article studies main agreements regulating trade and economic relations between the Republic of Korea and the countries of Central Asia, taking into account the dynamics of bilateral relations between them. The author also looks into the prospects and effectiveness of the development of multilateral cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the EAEU. Moreover, the author highlights the problems that slow down the development of commercial ties between South Korean and Central Asian business companies. Their resolution depends on economic and political initiatives at the national level in the Central Asian republics.

scholarly journals Сhallenge of COVID-19 and Priorities of Economic Development of the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-218
Author(s):  
A. N. Fedorovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the South Korean experience of dealing with the crisis phenomena that most countries faced at the national and global levels in 2020. The fact that the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the previously negative internal and external trends has made the problems of socio-economic development of the Republic of Korea more acute. Among them – the chronic difficulties of South Korean small and medium-sized businesses, the pressure by the president Trump’s protectionist measures in the US-South Korean and international trade in general, the consequences of the aggravation of the USChina standoff. The key challenges associated with the imposition of negative external factors on existing internal imbalances are evaluated. The analysis of the state policy to counteract the spread of the COVID-19 virus is carried out. The article examines the prerequisites for the stability of the national economy and the anti-crisis measures taken to resist internal and external challenges in the context of the pandemic, and assesses the prospects for correcting the development course that has developed in the Republic of Korea in recent years. The role of the created complex of innovative industries and modern medical support system is emphasized. The importance of public confidence in the government’s preventive health measures is noted. It shows, on the one hand, the importance of international value chains as a possible source of instability risk in the context of a pandemic, and, on the other hand, the potential of medical-related industries to maintain the dynamics of foreign economic relations. The importance of coordinating anti-crisis measures with China for the Republic of Korea in creating conditions that limit the spread of COVID-19 while maintaining the stable operation of major industries is noted. The prospects for Seoul’s participation in regional projects are evaluated, as an example, the activation of exports to ASEAN member countries of medical equipment and technologies aimed at combating the pandemic is given.

scholarly journals Eurasian Vector of Foreign Policy of the Republic of Korea: the Factor of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
M. A. Bulanakova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Northern Policy

The article studies the role of cooperation between the Republic of Korea and Central Asian countries in the context of a continental strategy for Korea’s New Northern policy. The authors consider the main political discourses of the continental policy of the Republic of Korea, such as the problem of resolving the “Korean issue”, the problem of balancing interests in the East Asian region, and the problem of diversifying traditional partnerships. Korea’s foreign policy is interpreted within the framework of the “middle power” concept. An important part of the study is the analysis of cooperation between RoK and Central Asia both on a multilateral and bilateral basis. It is obvious that uneven two-way interaction of Korea with the Central Asian countries, encourages the RoK to implement specific projects relevant to the partners, at the same time, the RoK uses multilateral cooperation, to predict the cooperation prospects in the most relevant areas of cooperation — health, environment, digital policy. Attracting data of the current situation in the region and the world, the author notes important changes in the foreign policy of RoK, first of all, the ODA strengthening as an important tool for strengthening Korea in a specific region, as an important resource for solving problems of the pandemic COVID-19 impact. As the research result, the author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of the Eurasian vector in Korea’s foreign policy is a natural and necessary condition for the further development of Korea as a regional and global player. Cooperation with Central Asia is a priority resource for developing RoK’s international influence and an important component of the new Northern policy.

scholarly journals Turksih schools around the world :

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Tserennadmid Chuluunbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Central Asian Republics

As part of a wide-ranging clampdown in the aftermath of the failed July coup, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s administration has urged countries in Eurasia to shut down schools associated with Fethullah Gülen, Islamic Cleric. Following this, Gülen`s supporters in Turkey have been arrested, fired from their state jobs. The Turkish government has also classified Gülen’s organization as a terrorist group. This article attempts to explore the origins of the Turkish schools supported by the Gulenist movement that was established in early 1970s in Turkey, its expansion in the country and other countries, in central Asian republics and Mongolia. It also aims to provide summarized information to the reader about the establishment and activities of Turkish schools in Mongolia, and to highlight the recent development and potential impact of communications and bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and Mongolia on this matter. Турк сургуулиуд: Төв Азийн орнууд ба Монголын жишээ Хураангуй: 2016 оны 7 дугаар сард гарсан төрийн эрх мэдлийг цэргийн хүчээр авах оролдлого нуран унасны дараагаар БНТУ-ын ерөнхийлөгч Р.Т.Эрдоан Евроазийн бүс нутгийн улс орны удирдагч нарт хандан шашны номлогч Ф.Гюлений байгуулсан сургуулиудыг яаралтай хаахыг уриалж эхэлжээ. Энэ үйл явдлын дараагаар Туркийн засгийн газар Гюлений үзэл санааг дэмжигч, тус улсад ажиллаж, амьдарч буй иргэд, төрийн албан хаагчид, их дээд сургуулийн багш нарыг баривчлах, цагдан хорих, албан тушаалаас нь халах зэрэг арга хэмжээ авлаа. Ф.Гюлений ФЕТО байгууллагыг террорист байгууллага хэмээн БНТУ засгийн газар албан ёсоор зарлав. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд 1970-аад оны эхэн үеэс үүсгэн байгуулагдаж, зөвхөн Турк улс төдийгүй дэлхийн олон улс оронд салбараа нээн, үйл ажиллагаагаа тэлэн, хөгжиж эхэлсэн Гюлений гэх тодотголтой боловсролын байгуулагууд Төв Азийн орнууд болон Монгол улсад хэрхэн үүсч, хөгжсөн талаар товч дурдаж, эдгээр сургуулийн асуудал, Монгол, Турк хоёр орны харилцаанд үзүүлж буй нөлөө, цаашдын хандлага, шийдлийн талаар цэгцтэй мэдээлэл өгөхийг зорьлоо. Түлхүүр үгс: Турк сургуулиуд, “Хизмет” хөдөлгөөн, төрийн эргэлт, зөөлөн хүч.

scholarly journals MAIN FEATURES OF CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Gelvig Svetlana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Effect

Kazakhstan is the largest and most developed state among Central Asian countries, with rich base of natural resources. In its foreign policy, Kazakhstan places the development of good-neighborly relations with China on the first place. In turn, for the People’s Republic of China, Kazakhstan is the second largest trading partner after Russia and the biggest hub for further transportation of goods, which has big positive effect on economic relations between these two countries. The Chinese factor is constantly operating for the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This paper studies economic integration and main features of trade and economic cooperation in China- Kazakhstan relations.

scholarly journals Economic Cooperation Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan With The Countries Of Central Asia: Formation, Development, And Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Mirzaev Gulom Rizokulovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic

The issues, formation, development, and prospects of economic cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia are highlighted in this article. This paper analyses the factors influencing the economic cooperation of Uzbekistan with the countries of Central Asia. The role and importance of trade, exchanging goods, and joint ventures in strengthening economic cooperation between the countries of Central Asia are described gradually. As well as this paper studies the activities of joint Commissions for the development of economic relations and the legal framework of interstate economic cooperation. Such areas economic-trade, joint ventures, and transport Logistics, which determine regional economic growth in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan highlighted with examples. The paper determines that the beginning of a new era in the history of relations between the countries of Central Asia in recent years contributes to the development and strengthening of economic cooperation. Conclusions are drawn on the development of economic cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and Central Asian countries, and several proposals are put forward to strengthen economic cooperation.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR A INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE BETWEEN CENTRAL ASIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
D. V. Men ◽  
◽  
N. E. Khamitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Intercultural Experience ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Dialogue

This article examines the intercultural experience of Central Asian countries and the Republic of Korea. Today, the study of such a cultural dialogue between countries both in terms of the development of cultural cooperation and in relation to the policy of multiculturalism is relevant. Proof of this is 28 years of experience in the successful development of cooperation between countries.

Negotiating the Cold War: The United States and the Two Koreas

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-105
Author(s):  
Steven Hugh Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Agreed Framework ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractSince December 1997, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States have met in a series of talks aimed at promoting peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and in the region. According to a November 1998 U.S. Department of Defense report, the discussions have created a “diplomatic venue for reducing tensions and ultimately replacing the Armistice Agreement with a permanent peace settlement.”1 Amidst the tragic human suffering which has occurred in North Korea, there have been some encouraging developments on the peninsula. The 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and North Korea placed international controls on North Korea’s atomic energy program and cautiously anticipated the normalization of U.S.-DPRK relations. Since assuming power in early 1998, South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has vigorously pursued a policy of engagement with P’yo¨ngyang, known as the “sunshine policy.” Over the past decade, North Korea has also reoriented its foreign policy. In the early 1990s, the regime’s social and economic crisis led to a rethinking of its autarkic economic system. By early 1994, the state had created new free trade zones and relatively open foreign investment laws.2 By complying with the Agreed Framework, the DPRK has also shown a willingness to work with the international community on sensitive issues affecting its internal sovereignty and ability to project power beyond its borders.

KAZAKHSTAN’S POSITION IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Karlygash MUKHTAROVA ◽  
Yermukhambet KONUSPAYEV ◽  
Klara MAKASHEVA ◽  
Karim SHAKIROV
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Ties

Improving the forms and mechanisms of regional economic integration, deepening the mutual understanding on the formation of an economically and politically secure integrated space, expanding trade and economic relations, elaborating joint actions to maintain regional peace and stability, creating a single information space are among the key areas that have become the basis of cooperation among the Central Asian region (CAR) states. The authors reveal the positive aspects of cooperation among the CAR countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. First and foremost, these include common historical roots, linguistic and cultural similarity, convenient geographical location and established economic ties, which allow the states of Central Asia (CA) to establish a deeper and more active understanding of each other, to solve economic and political problems related to finding and realizing domestic investment potential and expanding regional trade and economic ties. The joint establishment of international transport corridors and infrastructure will help reduce the transport costs for Central Asian countries that supply export products to external markets, which is an important area of ​​cooperation in Central Asia. In addition, the economic problems that exist among the regional countries largely determine the nature of relations between them. Future solution of problems determines the subsequent viability of the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and the regional development prospects. Based on the use of economic research tools, the authors examine the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the state of trade and economic relations between the regional states. Post-crisis plans for economic recovery in the Central Asian countries will be developed and implemented in the context of the need to solve the present-day problems associated with the gradual lifting of quarantine measures. In this regard, the quickest possible transition of economies to an upward growth trajectory should launch the expansion of trade and economic cooperation and ties among the Central Asian countries. The authors emphasize the fact that another important problem within CAREC is the fact that CAR economies are dominated by raw materials, which does not solve the problems of reducing social inequality and improving the welfare of the regional population. For this reason, Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is currently in search of a new economic model. The transformation is crucial because the country needs to overcome its excessive long-term dependence on the export of oil and raw materials. The new economic model should be focused on further industrialization and diversification of the economy, on the search for new innovative approaches and development strategies.

RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES IN YOUTH EXCHANGES WITHIN THE SCO

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
KSENIA G. MURATSHINA ◽  
◽  
EVGENY L. BAKHTIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Online News ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Youth exchanges have become an essential component of people-to-people exchanges in international relations, both in bilateral and multilateral formats. This paper analyses the participation of Russia and its Central Asian partners (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) in youth exchanges in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The authors consequently discuss the institutional structure and formats of the multilateral cooperation, its development within the last decade, and the representation and role of the member states. The research is based on the study of the SCO multilateral documents, SCO institutions’ documentation, official addresses and interviews of the SCO politicians and NGO leaders, online news archives of NGOs and media. The authors conclude that the SCO has formed a multilateral cooperation mechanism for youth exchanges, in which Russia and Central Asia are fully represented, with minor exclusions. Meanwhile, the cooperation demonstrates the evident rivalry between Russia and China in this cooperation. The Central Asian countries have become subject to this rivalry, however, at the same time they have already started to put forward their own initiatives, too, which can be significant for the development of multilateral dialogue. Finally, the paper discusses the potential benefits of cooperation for its participants.

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