Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Foods of Animal Origin by Targeting Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Staphylococcus aureus is an organism of great public health importance. It is widely studied because it is virulent, causes life threatening disease and has ability to adapt to diverse environmental conditions and so develops resistance to antibiotics easily. As a result, there is a need for surveillance of its antibiotic resistance and resistance genes. The susceptibility and molecular characterization of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered from urine samples of healthy students were undertaken. Standard procedures were employed for isolation, identification, susceptibility, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. Out of 217 samples collected, 73 were confirmed Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin followed by gentamicin and co-trimoxazole and least susceptible to penicillin, cefotaxime, ofloxacin and cefoxitin. Thirty-two (32) isolates were resistant to 5 antibiotics while 3 isolates were resistant to the 11 antibiotics used in this study. Sixteen phenotypically methicillin resistant isolates contained mecA gene while ten of the isolates also showed the presence of mecB gene. The characteristic Sa442 and nuc genes of Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of spa gene confirmed MRSA. Continous surveillance for antibiotic resistance and resistance genes is paramount at local, regional and national levels. Surveillance data will assist in implementing interventions. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, mecA, mecB, CA-MRSA; Surveillance

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Characterization of Toxin Gene Profiles and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ducks

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.8.1150.1158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Mona A. A. AbdelRahman ◽

Fatma Amer

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Gene Profiles

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Molecular characteristics and virulence gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Hainan, China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4547-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xuehan Li ◽

Tao Huang ◽

Kai Xu ◽

Chenglin Li ◽

Yirong Li

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Mainland China ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Staphylococcal Protein A

Abstract Background There have been no reports regarding the molecular characteristics, virulence features, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from Hainan, the southernmost province of China. Methods Two hundred twenty-seven S. aureus isolates, consisting of 76 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 151 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were collected in 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 in Hainan, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles and main antibiotic resistance genes. Results Forty sequence types (STs) including three new STs (ST5489, ST5492 and ST5493), and 79 Staphylococcal protein A (spa) types were identified based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, respectively. ST398 (14.1%, 32/227) was found to be the most prevalent, and the prevalence of ST398-MSSA increased significantly from 2013 to 2014 (5.5%, 5/91) to 2018–2019 (18.4%, 25/136). Seventy-six MRSA isolates were subject to staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing. SCCmec-IVa was the predominant SCCmec type, and specifically, ST45-SCCmec IVa, an infrequent type in mainland China, was predominant in S. aureus from Hainan. The antibiotic resistance profiles and antibiotic resistance genes of S. aureus show distinctive features in Hainan. The resistant rates of the MRSA isolates to a variety of antibiotics were significantly higher than those of the MSSA isolates. The predominant erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were ermC (90.1%, 100/111) and tetK (91.8%, 78/85), respectively. Eleven virulence genes, including the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) and eta, were determined, and the frequency of eta and pvl were found to be 57.3 and 47.6%. Such high prevalence has never been seen in mainland China before. Conclusion S. aureus isolates in Hainan have unique molecular characteristics, virulence gene and antibiotic resistance profiles, and main antibiotic resistance genes which may be associated with the special geographical location of Hainan and local trends in antibiotic use.

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Characterization of a Multiresistant Mosaic Plasmid from a Fish Farm Sediment Exiguobacterium sp. Isolate Reveals Aggregation of Functional Clinic-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03257-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 1482-1488 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jing Yang ◽

Chao Wang ◽

Jinyu Wu ◽

Li Liu ◽

Gang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mobile Elements ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Significant Similarity ◽

Content Type ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACTThe genusExiguobacteriumcan adapt readily to, and survive in, diverse environments. Our study demonstrated thatExiguobacteriumsp. strain S3-2, isolated from marine sediment, is resistant to five antibiotics. The plasmid pMC1 in this strain carries seven putative resistance genes. We functionally characterized these resistance genes inEscherichia coli, and genes encoding dihydrofolate reductase and macrolide phosphotransferase were considered novel resistance genes based on their low similarities to known resistance genes. The plasmid G+C content distribution was highly heterogeneous. Only the G+C content of one block, which shared significant similarity with a plasmid fromExiguobacterium arabatum, fit well with the mean G+C content of the host. The remainder of the plasmid was composed of mobile elements with a markedly lower G+C ratio than the host. Interestingly, five mobile elements located on pMC1 showed significant similarities to sequences found in pathogens. Our data provided an example of the link between resistance genes in strains from the environment and the clinic and revealed the aggregation of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from fish farms.

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Degradation of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile gene elements in dairy manure anerobic digestion

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0254836

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Pramod K. Pandey ◽

Sundaram Kuppu ◽

Richard Pereira ◽

Sharif Aly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Health Concern ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Transposase Gene ◽

Integrase Gene

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants causing serious global health concern. Interventions to address this concern include improving our understanding of methods for treating waste material of human and animal origin that are known to harbor ARGs. Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used process for treating dairy manure, and although effective in reducing ARGs, its mechanism of action is not clear. In this study, we used three ARGs to conducted a longitudinal bench scale anaerobic digestion experiment with various temperatures (28, 36, 44, and 52°C) in triplicate using fresh dairy manure for 30 days to evaluate the reduction of gene abundance. Three ARGs and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were studied: sulfonamide resistance gene (sulII), tetracycline resistance genes (tetW), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) superfamily resistance genes (ermF), class 1 integrase gene (intI1), and transposase gene (tnpA). Genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Results show that the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (52°C) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the absolute abundance of sulII (95%), intI1 (95%), tnpA (77%) and 16S rRNA gene (76%) after 30 days of digestion. A modified Collins–Selleck model was used to fit the decay curve, and results suggest that the gene reduction during the startup phase of anaerobic digestion (first 5 days) was faster than the later stage, and reductions in the first five days were more than 50% for most genes.

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Accumulation and expression of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter cryaerophilus that thrives in sewage

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3269 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3269 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jess A. Millar ◽

Rahul Raghavan

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Resistant Bacteria

We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that Arcobacter cryaerophilus, an emerging human pathogen of animal origin, was the most dominant bacterium. The other highly prevalent bacteria were members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which are major constituents of human gut microbiome, indicating that bacteria of human and animal origin intermingle in sewage. By assembling a near-complete genome of A. cryaerophilus, we show that the bacterium has accumulated a large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) probably enabling it to thrive in the wastewater. We also determined that a majority of ARGs was being expressed in sewage, suggestive of trace levels of antibiotics or other stresses that could act as a selective force that amplifies multidrug resistant bacteria in municipal sewage. Because all bacteria are not eliminated even after several rounds of wastewater treatment, ARGs in sewage could affect public health due to their potential to contaminate environmental water.

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Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dog dental plaque

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547/bjvm.2099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 419-427

Author(s):

S. Nouri Gharajalar ◽

M. Onsori

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Multiplex Pcr Assay

Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are a major health care problem both in humans and animals. In this work we described three multiplex PCR assays for detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes in S. aureus isolated from dog dental plaques. Thirty dental plaque samples were collected; then cultural, biochemical and molecular tests performed for isolation and identification of S. aureus from samples. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were checked by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes determined using multiplex PCR assay. As a result S. aureus was isolated from 18 dog plaque samples. Fifteen of these isolates were resistant to penicillin. The mecA gene was more prevalent than blaZ among penicillin-resistant bacteria. Ten of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline. The percentage of tetM was higher than tetK among them. Also, 10 of the isolates were resistant to cefazolin among them bla TEM detected in higher rate than blaSHV and blaOXA-1. Hence multiplex PCR assay is a suitable method for detection of antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus isolates.

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