scholarly journals Concurrent Validity of Sentence Repetition Test: The Role of Pause and Sentence Length

JLTA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (0) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Midori SUNADA ◽  
Yuichi SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Sentence Repetition

scholarly journals The role of language production mechanisms in children's sentence repetition: Evidence from an inflectionally rich language

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONALI NAG ◽  
MARGARET J. SNOWLING ◽  
JELENA MIRKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Speech Error ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Error Analyses ◽  
Production Mechanisms

ABSTRACTWe examine the role of language production mechanisms in sentence repetition, a task widely used as a diagnostic tool in developmental disorders. We investigate sentence repetition in 5- to 8-year-old native speakers of Kannada, an inflectionally rich language of India. The inflectional characteristics of the language make it an ideal testing ground for exploring the engagement of grammatical and phonological encoding processes. We presented active, passive, and embedded sentences and, in a subset of the material, we also manipulated sentence length. Using accuracy and speech error analyses at the sentence, word, and affix levels, we provide evidence that individual differences in task performance are influenced by the linguistic properties of the material. These findings clarify the role of key language production mechanisms involved in sentence repetition. We propose that it is the versatility to develop a profile across several language production mechanisms that makes sentence repetition particularly useful as a clinical tool.

Time for Time: Uncovering Case Processing Duration as a Source of Punitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110077
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
R.R. Dunlea ◽  
Besiki Luka Kutateladze
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
To Receive

The literature on sentencing has devoted ample consideration to how prosecutors and judges incorporate priorities such as retribution and public safety into their decision making, typically using legal and extralegal characteristics as analytic proxies. In contrast, the role of case processing efficiency in determining punishment outcomes has garnered little attention. Using recent data from a large Florida jurisdiction, we examine the influence of case screening and disposition timeliness on sentence outcomes in felony cases. We find that lengthier case processing time is highly and positively associated with punitive outcomes at sentencing. The more time prosecutors spend on a case post-filing, the more likely defendants are to receive custodial sentences and longer sentences. Case screening time, although not affecting the imposition of custodial sentences, is also positively associated with sentence length. These findings are discussed through the lens of instrumental and expressive functions of punishment.

A Problem of Language Disorder: Length Versus Structure

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Menyuk ◽  
Patricia L. Looney
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
Normal Speaking

The effects of sentence length and structure on the accuracy of sentence repetition by 13 normal-speaking and 13 language-disordered children were compared. The sentences were from three to five words long and were primarily imperative, active-declarative, negative, and question sentences. All types of three-word sentences were repeated accurately by a greater percentage of language-disordered children than were four- and five-word sentences, but the percentages of children accurately repeating these four- and five-word sentences did not differ significantly. Imperative and active-declarative sentences were repeated accurately by a greater percentage of language-disordered children and with fewer errors than were negative and question sentences. Length and structure had no significant effect on the accuracy of sentence repetition by normal-speaking children. Levels of repetition accuracy varied in the deviant-speaking population, and this appears to have important implications for therapeutic programming.

scholarly journals Effects of semantic plausibility, syntactic complexity and n-gram frequency on children's sentence repetition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Kamila POLIŠENSKÁ ◽  
Shula CHIAT ◽  
Jakub SZEWCZYK ◽  
Katherine E. TWOMEY
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Sentence Repetition ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Semantic Plausibility ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Theories of language processing differ with respect to the role of abstract syntax and semantics vs surface-level lexical co-occurrence (n-gram) frequency. The contribution of each of these factors has been demonstrated in previous studies of children and adults, but none have investigated them jointly. This study evaluated the role of all three factors in a sentence repetition task performed by children aged 4–7 and 11–12 years. It was found that semantic plausibility benefitted performance in both age groups; syntactic complexity disadvantaged the younger group but benefitted the older group; while contrary to previous findings, n-gram frequency did not facilitate, and in a post-hoc analysis even hampered, performance. This new evidence suggests that n-gram frequency effects might be restricted to the highly constrained and frequent n-grams used in previous investigations, and that semantics and morphosyntax play a more powerful role than n-gram frequency, supporting the role of abstract linguistic knowledge in children's sentence processing.

Political Responsiveness and Sentence Length

2018 ◽  
pp. 103-126
Author(s):  
Banks Miller ◽  
Brett Curry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Mandatory Minimums ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Areas Of Interest

This chapter offers an analysis of variations in sentence length across the study’s issue areas of interest. That assessment incorporates the changes in sentencing law wrought by United States v. Booker, which many suggest increased the influence of local actors and U.S. Attorneys (USAs) themselves at the potential expense of national principals. In addition, the chapter contains a thorough discussion of the role of mandatory minimums in structuring sentence length in narcotics and weapons prosecutions. It also considers how USAs might cabin the discretion of their subordinates. Model results confirm that the discretion of USAs increased after Booker, but that executive branch influence was also strengthened.

Context and the Measurement of Moral Judgement

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen S. Basinger ◽  
John C. Gibbs ◽  
Dick Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
Developmentally Delayed ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
The Difference

This study explored the role of context in moral judgement measurement by addressing a recent contention that moral dilemmas are not essential for the successful assessment of moral judgement. We evaluated a new instrument, the Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form (SRM-SF), that uses contextually open-ended stimuli instead of moral dilemmas. SRM-SF data were collected from 509 male and female subjects, 8 to 81 years of age, including 94 delinquent males. The SRM-SF evidenced acceptable levels of reliability (inter-rater, test-retest, internal consistency) and validity (criterion-related and construct-related). For example, the SRM-SF demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity with the Moral Judgement Interview and discriminated delinquents as developmentally delayed in moral judgement. The SRM-SF was found to be procedurally efficient in terms of group administrability, completion time, self-training for scoring, and scoring. The factor structure of moral judgement as elicited by the SRM-SF was found to be unidimensional. Also, females were found to be more advanced in moral judgement than males in early adolescence, but the difference disappeared in late adolescence and adulthood.

MODELING PERCEPTIONS OF THE ACCENTEDNESS AND COMPREHENSIBILITY OF L2 SPEECH The Role of Speaking Rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray J. Munro ◽  
Tracey M. Derwing
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Length ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Speech Compression ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Slow Speech ◽  
Insight Into

In much previous research, listeners' rating data have served as a dependent variable to demonstrate the effects of age of learning, length of residence, and motivation on L2 users' degree of foreign accent. However, the role of speaking rate in such judgments has not been ascertained. To gain new insight into this relationship, we carried out two experiments involving sentence-length utterances produced by English L2 users. In the first, we observed a significant curvilinear relationship between speaking rates and accentedness and comprehensibility judgments of utterances produced by users from a variety of L1 backgrounds. In the second experiment, by manipulating rates with speech compression-expansion software, we established that this effect was due to the rate differences themselves, rather than to differences in L2 proficiency that might co-vary with rate. In both experiments the listeners tended to assign the highest ratings to L2 speech that was somewhat faster than the rates generally used by L2 users; however, both very fast and very slow speech tended to be less highly rated. Researchers who use listener rating data should be mindful of the potential confounding effect of speaking rate in their data.

Punishing for the Past (Sometimes): Judicial Perspectives on Criminal History Enhancements

2021 ◽  
pp. 003288552110296
Author(s):  
Rhys Hester
Keyword(s):  
Criminal History ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prior Record ◽  
The Common

Prior criminal record is routinely cited as one of the primary determinants of sentencing, and the common view is that prior record was a leading factor in non-guidelines jurisdictions going back decades. Yet, recent findings from a non-guidelines state failed to conform to this account. This study uses interviews with judges from a non-guidelines state to understand the role of prior record in sentencing in an unstructured sentencing state. This study also reexamines some of the early sentencing guidelines formation literature and finds some indications that pre-guidelines, prior record was not universally an instrumental predictor of sentence length.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Resilience Inventory for Pregnant Mexican Women

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Nieto ◽  
Ma. Asunción Lara ◽  
Laura Navarrete ◽  
Karina Duenas ◽  
Katheryn Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Patient Health

 Resilience has been related to mental health during perinatal period.  However, to our knowledge, there are no instruments of resilience that have been validated in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Resilience Inventory in a sample of Mexican pregnant women.  A sample of 280 women was evaluated using the Resilience Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire and a stressful life events questionnaire.  The reliability coefficient of Resilience Inventory was 0.88 for the complete scale. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor structure of resilience (personal competence, religiosity and positive attitude) for pregnant women. Concurrent validity was supported by negative correlations with prenatal depressive symptoms and stressful life events. The Resilience Inventory could be a potentially a valid and reliable measure. It is necessary to continue exploring the role of resilience in the perinatal period and identify the factors that shape it.

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