Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profiles of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool climate area

OENO One ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Gabriel Balint ◽  
Andrew G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Sensory Profiles ◽  
Cool Climate

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The efficacy of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on vine physiology, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profiles of ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ was investigated in a cool climate region in Ontario, Canada.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Field experiments were conducted in a Cabernet-Sauvignon block in Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON Canada between 2006 and 2008. There were five treatments : non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>)] and two levels of RDI (50 and 25 % ET<sub>c</sub>). Treatments started immediately after fruit set and continued until post-veraison. Soil and vine water status were apparently controlled not only by the amount of water but also by the irrigation strategy used. In the PRD treatments, soil moisture, leaf water potential, and transpiration rate were generally lower than in 100 % ET<sub>c</sub> but higher than non-irrigated and RDI treatments. Almost all treatments were different than in non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. Wine sensory attributes differed considerably due to the amount of irrigation water applied in 2007. RDI strategies were more consistent than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and wine sensory profiles. Inconsistent patterns across seasons for some variables indicated that besides soil and vine water status, there were other factors that impacted vine physiology, yield components and berry composition.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: RDI treatments improved wine quality when compared with full or either non-irrigated treatments. Overall, use of RDI irrigation or PRD during dry and warm years can improve grape composition in cool climates.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of PRD and RDI on Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool humid climate. It suggests that although RDI strategies are more effective, PRD also has value, particularly in dry seasons.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profile of Sauvignon Blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) in a cool climate area

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Balint ◽  
Andrew G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Cool Climate

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The impacts of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on soil moisture, vine water status, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profile of Sauvignon blanc were studied in a cool climate region.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Field experiments were conducted in a commercial Sauvignon blanc block in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008. Treatments were: non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100% of crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>)] and one level of RDI (25% ET<sub>c</sub>). Treatments began immediately after fruit set and continued until the beginning of September. Reference evapotranspiration (ET<sub>o</sub>) was calculated using the Penman–Monteith equation. Soil moisture and vine water status (leaf water potential and transpiration rate) in the PRD treatments were generally less than in 100% ET<sub>c</sub> but higher than in non-irrigated and 25% ET<sub>c</sub> treatments. Almost all treatments were different than non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. RDI strategies were more consistent across vintages than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and sensory profiles.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Use of RDI or PRD in cool climates during dry and warm years can improve grape composition. In very dry and hot seasons, like that of 2007, irrigation improved grape composition and wine aroma typicity. RDI enhanced fruity aroma attributes, which suggests that this could be a viable strategy to improve grape and wine quality in cool areas. However, due to high climatic variation over the period studied, no consistent pattern of irrigation effects was found for berry composition, suggesting that plant water status was not the only factor that controlled fruit and wine quality.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first evaluation of PRD in a cool, humid climate, and highlights the potential value of both RDI and PRD irrigation techniques in cool climate regions, particularly during dry growing seasons.</p>

scholarly journals Sensory analysis of Ontario Riesling wines from various water status zones

OENO One ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Willwerth ◽  
Andrew Reynolds ◽  
Isabelle Lesschaeve
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quality Threshold ◽  
Sensory Profiles

Aims: Determinants of the terroir effect in Riesling were sought by choosing vine water status as a major factor. It was hypothesized that consistent water status zones could be identified within vineyards, and, differences in wine sensory attributes could be related to vine water status.Methods and results: To test our hypothesis, 10 Riesling vineyards representative of each Ontario Vintners Quality Alliance sub-appellation were selected. Vineyards were delineated using global positioning systems and 75 to 80 sentinel vines were geo-referenced within a sampling grid for data collection. During 2005 to 2007, vine water status measurements [leaf water potential (ψ)] were collected bi-weekly from a subset of these sentinel vines. Vines were categorized into “low” and “high” leaf ψ zones within each vineyard through use of geospatial maps and replicate wines were made from each zone. Wines from similar leaf ψ zones had comparable sensory properties ascertained through sorting tasks and multidimensional scaling (2005, 2006). Descriptive analysis further indicated that water status affected wine sensory profiles, and attributes differed for wines from discrete leaf ψ zones. Multivariate analyses associated specific sensory attributes with wines of different leaf ψ zones. Several attributes differed between leaf ψ zones within multiple vineyard sites despite different growing seasons. Wines produced from vines with leaf ψ >-1.0 MPa had highest vegetal aromas whereas those with leaf ψ <-1.3 MPa were highest in honey, petrol and tropical fruit flavors. Vines under mild water deficit had highest honey, mineral, and petrol and lowest vegetal aromas.Conclusion: Results indicate that water status has a profound impact on sensory characteristics of Riesling wines and that there may be a quality threshold for optimum water status.Significance and impact of the study: These data suggest that vine water status has a substantial impact on the sensory properties of Riesling wines. Variability of leaf ψ within vineyards can lead to wines that differ in their sensory profiles. These findings were consistent among vineyards across the Niagara Peninsula. These strong relationships between leaf ψ and sensory attributes of Riesling suggest that vine water status is a major basis for the terroir effect.

scholarly journals Leaf-to-Fruit Ratios in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Sauvignon Blanc”, “Carmenère”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah” Growing in Maule Valley (Chile): Influence on Yield and Fruit Composition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa ◽  
Irina Díaz-Galvéz ◽  
Nicolás Verdugo-Vásquez ◽  
Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Berry Composition

A trial was conducted during the 2005–2006 season in order to determine the effects of different leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield components and fruit composition in four Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. The treatments consisted of selecting shoots of four lengths (>1.3 m, 1.3–0.8 m, 0.8–0.4 m, and <0.4 m) with two crop levels (1–2 clusters/shoot), which allowed defining eight ratios. Berry composition and yield components were measured. The treatments affected the accumulation of soluble solids in “Sauvignon blanc”, “Cabernet Sauvignon”, and “Syrah”, delaying it as the ratio decreased. All yield components were affected in “Sauvignon blanc”, while bunch weight and the number of berries per bunch were altered without a clear trend. None of the yield components were affected in “Cabernet Sauvignon”, while the lowest ratio presented the lowest number of berries per bunch in “Syrah”. Total polyphenol index (TPI) was affected in “Carmenère” without a clear trend. A highly significant correlation was found between shoot length and leaf area in all studied cultivars. As the ratio increased, the shoot lignification increased in “Sauvignon blanc”. However, studies must be conducted during more seasons to establish better conclusions about the effects of leaf-to-fruit ratios on yield and fruit composition.

The short-term fate of urea applied to barley in a humid climate. II. A simple model

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Scotter ◽  
IH Mohammed ◽  
PEH Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Programmable Calculator

A simple model describing the transformations, leaching and plant uptake of the nitrogen (N) in urea fertilizer applied to a barley crop is presented. The model considers the root zone as a single compartment and uses daily time steps, and so can be run on a small programmable calculator. It consists of separate submodels for water, fertilizer N and native soil N. Data from a field experiment described in a companion paper were used for parameterization, and the model was then tested on another data set from that experiment. The model successfully predicted the effect, on the leaching and plant uptake of fertilizer N, of a large increase in rainfall plus irrigation from 103 mm to 186 mm in the 35 days following sowing and urea application. As an example of the model's utility, it is used to predict that if 30 mm of drainage occurred within 24 h of fertilizer application, about 33% of the fertilizer N would be leached from the root zone in the silt loam soil studied. However, the same amount of drainage occurring a week after fertilizer application would result only in about 8% of the fertilizer N being leached. The complementary roles that process-oriented field experiments and simple mechanistic models can play in soil fertility research are discussed.

scholarly journals Carbon Partitioning in Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry as Influenced by Groundcover and Supplementary Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779D-779
Author(s):  
David C. Percival ◽  
John T.A. Proctor ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation

Field experiments consisting of trickle irrigation (TI), IRT-76 plastic film (PF), and straw mulch were initiated to determine the influence of soil temperature and water status on carbon partitioning during the establishment of Rubus idaeus L. `Heritage' (1993, 1994), `Autumn Bliss' (1994), and `Summit' (1994) micropropagated raspberries. Environmental, vegetative, reproductive, and nutrition data were collected. Photosynthesis (Pn) measurements were recorded under field conditions using a Li-Cor LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system. Neither node number nor shoot: root ratio was influenced by TI, PF, or straw mulch. PF, however, increased root and shoot weight, total flowers produced, total berries harvested, and foliar N and P. Although differences existed among cultivars, field Pn measurements indicated that, regardless of groundcover treatment or cultivar examined, the maximum Pn rate occurred at a root-zone temperature of 25C. Hence, results from this study indicate that conditions in both the air and root zone physical environment regulate carbon assimilation and partitioning.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Seasonal Mapping of Water Deficit Index and Evapotranspiration by an Unmanned Aerial System: A Case Study for Winter Wheat in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Vita Antoniuk ◽  
Kiril Manevski ◽  
Kirsten Kørup ◽  
Rene Larsen ◽  
Inge Sandholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Balance Model

Precision irrigation is a promising method to mitigate the impacts of drought stress on crop production with the optimal use of water resources. However, the reliable assessment of plant water status has not been adequately demonstrated, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer great potential for spatiotemporal improvements. This study utilized UAS equipped with multispectral and thermal sensors to detect and quantify drought stress in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the Water Deficit Index (WDI). Biennial field experiments were conducted on coarse sand soil in Denmark and analyses were performed at both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The WDI was significantly correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.61–0.73), and the correlation was weaker with leaf water potential (R2 = 0.39–0.56) and topsoil water status (the highest R2 of 0.68). A semi-physical model depicting the relationship between WDI and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in the root zone was derived with R2 = 0.74. Moreover, WDI estimates were improved using an energy balance model with an iterative scheme to estimate the net radiation and land surface temperature, as well as the dual crop coefficient. The diurnal variation in WDI revealed a pattern of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration, being higher in the morning, decreasing at noon hours and ‘recovering’ in the afternoon. Future work should investigate the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration, which may be used to develop methods for site-specific irrigation recommendations.

Sensory attributes of Cabernet Sauvignon wines made from vines with different water status

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAWN M. CHAPMAN ◽  
GASPAR ROBY ◽  
SUSAN E. EBELER ◽  
JEAN-XAVIER GUINARD ◽  
MARK A. MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon

scholarly journals Using Content Analysis to Characterise the Sensory Typicity and Quality Judgements of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon Wines

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lira Souza Gonzaga ◽  
Dimitra L. Capone ◽  
Susan E.P. Bastian ◽  
Lukas Danner ◽  
David W. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Sensory Profiles

Understanding the sensory attributes that explain the typicity of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines is essential for increasing value and growth of Australia’s reputation as a fine wine producer. Content analysis of 2598 web-based wine reviews from well-known wine writers, including tasting notes and scores, was used to gather information about the regional profiles of Australian Cabernet Sauvignon wines and to create selection criteria for further wine studies. In addition, a wine expert panel evaluated 84 commercial Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Coonawarra, Margaret River, Yarra Valley and Bordeaux, using freely chosen descriptions and overall quality scores. Using content analysis software, a sensory lexicon of descriptor categories was built and frequencies of each category for each region were computed. Distinction between the sensory profiles of the regions was achieved by correspondence analysis (CA) using online review and expert panellist data. Wine quality scores obtained from reviews and experts were converted into Australian wine show medal categories. CA of assigned medal and descriptor frequencies revealed the sensory attributes that appeared to drive medal-winning wines. Multiple factor analysis of frequencies from the reviews and expert panellists indicated agreement about descriptors that were associated with wines of low and high quality, with greater alignment at the lower end of the wine quality assessment scale.

scholarly journals Sensory attributes of wines made from vines of differing phosphorus status

OENO One ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Skinner ◽  
Mark Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Chenin Blanc

Aim: The implications of water and nutrient deficiencies for photosynthesis, dry matter production, and yield have been well documented. However, whereas multiple studies show that water deficits affect grape and wine quality as well as wine sensory characteristics, the corresponding implications of manipulating vine nutrient status through fertilizer additions remain largely unexplored.Methods and results: In this study, phosphorus (P) fertilizers were applied to P-deficient vineyards of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Chenin blanc growing in rhyolite, granite, and schist derived soils. Bloomtime leaf lamina P levels, basic soil chemical characteristics, juice P, and wine chemical parameters were measured after harvest. A highly sensitive protocol for sensory evaluation was used to test the wines made from the treated and untreated grapes for differences in wine appearance, flavor, aroma, and taste. All P additions were effective in rapidly increasing both vine P status and P in the harvested juice. In Cabernet Sauvignon vines growing on rhyolite, juice P was linearly related to vine P status compared to a non-linear accumulation of juice P in Chenin blanc vines growing on an calcium-rich schist soil. Soil CEC and Ca levels were both higher in the schist derived soil than in the rhyolite or granite soils, indicating a possible association of P release with soil parent material. Differences were detected in appearance, flavor, aroma, and taste in wines made from all three varieties on all three sites. Also, increasing vine P status increased the concentration of anthocyanins and soluble phenolics in the wines, and reduced fermentation time in the Cabernet Sauvignon.Conclusions: The results of this study show that vine P nutrient status can be manipulated by the grower across different soil types. Vine nutrient status has also been shown to significantly affect vine bud fertility, photosynthesis, dry matter and fruit production, and grape and wine chemical parameters. However, there is a lack of data describing the effect of manipulating vine nutrient status through fertilizer additions on the resulting wine sensory profile. Our results show that vine P status can influence the sensory attributes of wines.Significance and impact of the study: The results of this study and earlier work with vine water status identify two vineyard sources of variation in wine sensory attributes that occur both naturally and can be manipulated by the grower across different soil types.

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