Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profile of Sauvignon Blanc (Vitis vinifera L.) in a cool climate area

Aim: The impacts of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on soil moisture, vine water status, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profile of Sauvignon blanc were studied in a cool climate region.Methods and results: Field experiments were conducted in a commercial Sauvignon blanc block in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2008. Treatments were: non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and one level of RDI (25% ETc). Treatments began immediately after fruit set and continued until the beginning of September. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated using the Penman–Monteith equation. Soil moisture and vine water status (leaf water potential and transpiration rate) in the PRD treatments were generally less than in 100% ETc but higher than in non-irrigated and 25% ETc treatments. Almost all treatments were different than non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. RDI strategies were more consistent across vintages than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and sensory profiles.Conclusions: Use of RDI or PRD in cool climates during dry and warm years can improve grape composition. In very dry and hot seasons, like that of 2007, irrigation improved grape composition and wine aroma typicity. RDI enhanced fruity aroma attributes, which suggests that this could be a viable strategy to improve grape and wine quality in cool areas. However, due to high climatic variation over the period studied, no consistent pattern of irrigation effects was found for berry composition, suggesting that plant water status was not the only factor that controlled fruit and wine quality.Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first evaluation of PRD in a cool, humid climate, and highlights the potential value of both RDI and PRD irrigation techniques in cool climate regions, particularly during dry growing seasons.

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Effect of different irrigation strategies on vine physiology, yield, grape composition and sensory profiles of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool climate area

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.4.1695 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Gabriel Balint ◽

Andrew G. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Water Status ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Humid Climate ◽

Fruit Composition ◽

Sensory Profiles ◽

Cool Climate

Aim: The efficacy of partial root zone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on vine physiology, yield components, fruit composition and wine sensory profiles of ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ was investigated in a cool climate region in Ontario, Canada.Methods and results: Field experiments were conducted in a Cabernet-Sauvignon block in Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON Canada between 2006 and 2008. There were five treatments : non-irrigated control, PRD, full irrigation [100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and two levels of RDI (50 and 25 % ETc). Treatments started immediately after fruit set and continued until post-veraison. Soil and vine water status were apparently controlled not only by the amount of water but also by the irrigation strategy used. In the PRD treatments, soil moisture, leaf water potential, and transpiration rate were generally lower than in 100 % ETc but higher than non-irrigated and RDI treatments. Almost all treatments were different than in non-irrigated vines in fruit composition and wine sensory attributes. Wine sensory attributes differed considerably due to the amount of irrigation water applied in 2007. RDI strategies were more consistent than the PRD treatments in their effect on vine water status, grape composition and wine sensory profiles. Inconsistent patterns across seasons for some variables indicated that besides soil and vine water status, there were other factors that impacted vine physiology, yield components and berry composition.Conclusions: RDI treatments improved wine quality when compared with full or either non-irrigated treatments. Overall, use of RDI irrigation or PRD during dry and warm years can improve grape composition in cool climates.Significance and impact of the study: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of PRD and RDI on Cabernet-Sauvignon in a cool humid climate. It suggests that although RDI strategies are more effective, PRD also has value, particularly in dry seasons.

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Detecting changes in root zone soil moisture from radar vegetation backscatter

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Coleen Carranza ◽

Tim van Emmerik ◽

Martine van der Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Content ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Root Zone ◽

Water Status ◽

Roughness Parameter ◽

Growing Season ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Vegetation Water Content ◽

Vegetation Water

Root zone soil moisture (&#952;rz) is a crucial component of the hydrological cycle and provides information for drought monitoring, irrigation scheduling, and carbon cycle modeling. During vegetation conditions, estimation of &#952;rz thru radar has so far only focused on retrieving surface soil moisture using the soil component of the total backscatter (&#963;soil), which is then assimilated into physical hydrological models. The utility of the vegetation component of the total backscatter (&#963;veg) has not been widely explored and is commonly corrected for in most soil moisture retrieval methods. However, &#963;veg provides information about vegetation water content. Furthermore, it has been known in agronomy that pre-dawn leaf water potential is in equilibrium with that of the soil. Therefore soil water status can be inferred by examining&#160; the vegetation water status. In this study, our main goal is to determine whether changes in root zone soil moisture (&#916;&#952;rz) shows corresponding changes in vegetation backscatter (&#916;&#963;veg) at pre-dawn. We utilized Sentinel-1 (S1) descending pass and in situ soil moisture measurements from 2016-2018 at two soil moisture networks (Raam and Twente) in the Netherlands. We focused on corn and grass which are the most dominant crops at the sites and considered the depth-averaged &#952;rz up to 40 cm to capture the rooting depths for both crops. Dubois&#8217; model formulation for VV-polarization was applied to estimate the surface roughness parameter (Hrms) and &#963;soil during vegetated periods. Afterwards, the Water Cloud Model was used to derive &#963;veg by subtracting &#963;soil from S1 backscatter (&#963;tot). To ensure that S1 only measures vegetation water content, rainy days were excluded to remove the influence of intercepted rainfall on the backscatter. The slope of regression lines (&#946;) fitted over plots of &#916;&#963;veg against &#916;&#952;rz were used investigate the dynamics over a growing season. Our main result indicates that &#916;&#963;veg - &#916;&#952;rz relation is influenced by crop growth stage and changes in water content in the root zone. For corn, changes in &#946;&#8217;s over a growing season follow the trend in a crop coefficient (Kc) curve, which is a measure of crop water requirements. Grasses, which are perennial crops, show trends corresponding to the mature crop stage. The correlation between soil moisture (&#916;&#952;) at specific soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 40 cm) and &#916;&#963;veg matches root growth for corn and known rooting depths for both corn and grass. Dry spells (e.g. July 2018) and a large increase in root zone water content in between two dry-day S1 overpass (e.g. from rainfall) result in a lower &#946;, which indicates that &#916;&#963;veg does not match well with &#916;&#952;rz. The influence of vegetation on S1 backscatter is more pronounced for corn, which translated to a clearer &#916;&#963;veg - &#916;&#952;rz relation compared to grass. The sensitivity of &#916;&#963;veg to &#916;&#952;rz in corn means that the analysis may be applicable to other broad leaf crops or forested areas, with potential applications for monitoring&#160; periods of water stress.

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Assessment of Sauvignon Blanc Aroma and Quality Gradings Based on Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (SHS-GC-IMS): Merging Analytical Chemistry with Machine Learning

10.26434/chemrxiv.13347317.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenyao Zhu ◽

Frank Benkwitz ◽

Paul Kilmartin

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ion Mobility Spectrometry ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Wine Aroma ◽

Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Static Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Headspace Gas

<div>In this paper, we report on the application of the static headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (SHS-GC-IMS) instrument in the field of wine aroma analysis and its potential in constructing a prediction model for the quality gradings of wines. The easy-to-operate, cost effective SHS-GC-IMS instrument was innovatively used for a non-targeted search for volatile compounds in Sauvignon Blanc wine, with the identification of volatiles seldom before reported. The wine aroma profile acquired by the instrument was organically and innovatively combined with advanced classification models, inspired by the computer science community, to produce high classification accuracy in terms of wine quality gradings. Useful insights were also extracted by using advanced interpretation methods on complex models to learn the important volatiles correlated with wine quality grading.</div>

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Assessment of Sauvignon Blanc Aroma and Quality Gradings Based on Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (SHS-GC-IMS): Merging Analytical Chemistry with Machine Learning

10.26434/chemrxiv.13347317 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenyao Zhu ◽

Frank Benkwitz ◽

Paul Kilmartin

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ion Mobility Spectrometry ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Wine Aroma ◽

Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Static Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Headspace Gas

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Carbon Partitioning in Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberry as Influenced by Groundcover and Supplementary Irrigation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.779d ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 779D-779

Author(s):

David C. Percival ◽

John T.A. Proctor ◽

J. Alan Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Water Status ◽

Carbon Partitioning ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Node Number ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Supplementary Irrigation

Field experiments consisting of trickle irrigation (TI), IRT-76 plastic film (PF), and straw mulch were initiated to determine the influence of soil temperature and water status on carbon partitioning during the establishment of Rubus idaeus L. `Heritage' (1993, 1994), `Autumn Bliss' (1994), and `Summit' (1994) micropropagated raspberries. Environmental, vegetative, reproductive, and nutrition data were collected. Photosynthesis (Pn) measurements were recorded under field conditions using a Li-Cor LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system. Neither node number nor shoot: root ratio was influenced by TI, PF, or straw mulch. PF, however, increased root and shoot weight, total flowers produced, total berries harvested, and foliar N and P. Although differences existed among cultivars, field Pn measurements indicated that, regardless of groundcover treatment or cultivar examined, the maximum Pn rate occurred at a root-zone temperature of 25C. Hence, results from this study indicate that conditions in both the air and root zone physical environment regulate carbon assimilation and partitioning.

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Diurnal and Seasonal Mapping of Water Deficit Index and Evapotranspiration by an Unmanned Aerial System: A Case Study for Winter Wheat in Denmark

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13152998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 2998

Author(s):

Vita Antoniuk ◽

Kiril Manevski ◽

Kirsten Kørup ◽

Rene Larsen ◽

Inge Sandholt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Land Surface ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Water Status ◽

Balance Model

Precision irrigation is a promising method to mitigate the impacts of drought stress on crop production with the optimal use of water resources. However, the reliable assessment of plant water status has not been adequately demonstrated, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) offer great potential for spatiotemporal improvements. This study utilized UAS equipped with multispectral and thermal sensors to detect and quantify drought stress in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using the Water Deficit Index (WDI). Biennial field experiments were conducted on coarse sand soil in Denmark and analyses were performed at both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The WDI was significantly correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (R2 = 0.61–0.73), and the correlation was weaker with leaf water potential (R2 = 0.39–0.56) and topsoil water status (the highest R2 of 0.68). A semi-physical model depicting the relationship between WDI and fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) in the root zone was derived with R2 = 0.74. Moreover, WDI estimates were improved using an energy balance model with an iterative scheme to estimate the net radiation and land surface temperature, as well as the dual crop coefficient. The diurnal variation in WDI revealed a pattern of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration, being higher in the morning, decreasing at noon hours and ‘recovering’ in the afternoon. Future work should investigate the temporal upscaling of evapotranspiration, which may be used to develop methods for site-specific irrigation recommendations.

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Assessment of Sauvignon Blanc Aroma and Quality Gradings Based on Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (SHS-GC-IMS): Merging Analytical Chemistry with Machine Learning

10.26434/chemrxiv.13347317.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wenyao Zhu ◽

Frank Benkwitz ◽

Paul Kilmartin

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Ion Mobility Spectrometry ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Wine Aroma ◽

Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Static Headspace ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Sauvignon Blanc ◽

Static Headspace Gas Chromatography ◽

Headspace Gas

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Grape and Wine Composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cannonau Explored by GC-MS and Sensory Analysis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Giacomo L. Petretto ◽

Luca Mercenaro ◽

Pietro Paolo Urgeghe ◽

Costantino Fadda ◽

Antonio Valentoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benzyl Alcohol ◽

Sensory Analysis ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Alcohol Concentration ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Wine Aroma ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Grape Skin

GC-FID/MS is a powerful technique used to analyze food and beverage aromas. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in grape berries play an important role in determining wine quality and are affected by many factors, such as climate and soil that mainly influence their relative concentrations. Wine aroma is generated by a complex mixture of compounds, and the sensory relevance of individual VOCs is far from elucidated. Herein, the VOC content (free and glycosylated) of Cannonau grape skin and juice and of Cannonau wine collected in different areas of Sardinia is explored. Wine sensory analysis was also carried out and the relationship between sensory attributes and VOCs was investigated. Although Cannonau grapes showed the same VOC fingerprint, great variability was identified between samples, although only the differences in 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol concentration in the grape skins and benzyl alcohol and a terpenoid in grape juice were significantly different according to ANOVA. The correlation between VOC content and the sensory profile highlights the role played by 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol in increasing wine sensory complexity.

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Validation of Soil Moisture Data Products from the NASA SMAP Mission

10.36227/techrxiv.14714571.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Colliander ◽

Rolf Reichle ◽

Wade Crow ◽

Michael Cosh ◽

Fan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Accuracy Requirement ◽

Performance Requirements ◽

Ocean Salinity ◽

Data Production ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Performance Validation

NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been validating its soil moisture (SM) products since the start of data production on March 31, 2015. Prior to launch, the mission defined a set of criteria for core validation sites (CVS) that enable the testing of the key mission SM accuracy requirement (unbiased root-mean-square error <0.04 m3/m3). The validation approach also includes other (“sparse network”) in situ SM measurements, satellite SM products, model-based SM products, and field experiments. Over the past six years, the SMAP SM products have been analyzed with respect to these reference data, and the analysis approaches themselves have been scrutinized in an effort to best understand the products’ performance. Validation of the most recent SMAP Level 2 and 3 SM retrieval products (R17000) shows that the L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometer-based SM record continues to meet mission requirements. The products are generally consistent with SM retrievals from the ESA Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity mission, although there are differences in some regions. The high-resolution (3-km) SM retrieval product, generated by combining Copernicus Sentinel-1 data with SMAP observations, performs within expectations. Currently, however, there is limited availability of 3-km CVS data to support extensive validation at this spatial scale. The most recent (version 5) SMAP Level 4 SM data assimilation product providing surface and root-zone SM with complete spatio-temporal coverage at 9-km resolution also meets performance requirements. The SMAP SM validation program will continue throughout the mission life; future plans include expanding it to forested and high-latitude regions.

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Simulation of drip irrigation on slope lands

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00218

Author(s):

Viktor Alekseev ◽

Sergey Chuchkalov ◽

Vladimir Philippov ◽

Aleksey Rechnov ◽

Sergey Vasiliev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Root Zone ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Software Tool ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Moisture Movement ◽

The Impact

One of the main tasks of drip irrigation is to predict the geometric parameters of the moisture contours by estimating the impact of the water rate and the irrigation water on the moisture distribution in the soil. In this paper the soil water retention curve and function of moisture conductivity are used to simulate the process of moisture movement taking into account both the state and the type of soil. A software tool has been developed to automate calculations and visualize them. One of the main advantages of this software tool is that it allows using three-dimensional arrays of porosity values, specific surface area and initial soil moisture for each elementary volume of soil. The results of simulating various initial conditions make it possible to form contours and maintain optimum soil moisture right in the area of the plant root zone development. The correspondence of the simulation results to real data was verified by a series of laboratory and field experiments having light-gray forest soil. The calculated coefficients of determination have average values, that are quite high for such tasks, namely 0.68 (horizontal surfaces) and 0.72 (inclined surfaces).

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