scholarly journals Forged products by Russian craftsmen of the 17th–19th centuries on the basis of materials from the Kikki-Akki burial ground of Upper Taz Selkups: technological characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
N.M. Zinyakov ◽  
O.E. Poshekhonova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The North ◽  
Goods Market

The article studies the technology of making iron and steel items of Russian origin, discovered in the Kikki-Akki burial ground of Northern Selkups (18th–19th centuries) in the north of Western Siberia in the upper reaches of the Taz River. In the study, we established the origin and chronology of Russian industrial goods in Western Siberia, as well as factors under the influence of which they appeared among the indigenous Siberian population. We examined knives and axes (17th — early 19th centuries) using the methods of metallographic analysis includ-ing macro- and micrographic examination, as well as microhardness testing. They provide an opportunity to de-termine the structure of the metal, which in turn helps determine chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of the product. The analysis of forged products revealed that they were made according to the techno-logical traditions of Russian metalworking production existing in the 17th — early 19th centuries. Its distinctive features included the development and widespread practice in applying the modifications of two technological schemes for producing items from ferrous metal. The former was based on the welding either of iron and steel or of different grades of steel, whereas the latter involved all-steel structures. The former technological scheme pre-dominated in the production of items found in the Kikki-Akki burial ground. Moreover, the production of welded structures lacked standardisation. The following techniques were used in the production of knives: two-layer wel-ding of iron and steel, three-layer welding, V-joint welding, oblique welding, built-up welding at the ends and wel-ding of the steel blade. The use of soft quenching was noted as an additional operation that improved the opera-tional properties of the household tool. This variety of used technological schemes reflects the complex nature of the formation of the industrial goods market in Western Siberia. The selection of items made using different welded technologies is associated with the intention to use metal products of the highest quality for the fur trade and yasak collection. However, all-metal structures predominated in the main centres for the production of forged goods — cities of European Russia and Western Siberia.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH INTO THE METAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE NORTHERN SELKUP SHAMAN COSTUME OF THE XVII–XVIII CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
N.M. Zinyakov ◽  
O.E. Poshekhonova
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Technological Methods

To reconstruct the technological methods and technical achievements of Northern Selkup blacksmiths, the components of the Northern Selkup shaman costume, which is composed of ferrous metal, were studied using metallographic analysis methods. The materials were found in two graves in a Kikki-Akki burial ground from the XVII–XVIII centuries (Western Siberia, Taz river). It was found that the basic raw materials for production were unevenly carbonized steel and soft iron; high-carbon steel was also found in rare instances, which was most likely received by Northern Selkup blacksmiths from Russia. The iron items of the shaman costume were forged by professional blacksmiths who possessed complex technological skills and production equipment.

Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
L. A. Chindina ◽  
N. M. Zinyakov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Iron Artifacts ◽  
Colonization Period

This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia.

РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЕ ДАТИРОВКИ ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ВЕРХНЕГО ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНА НИЖНЕЙ ОБИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zolnikov ◽  
◽  
A. Vybornov ◽  
A. Anoikin ◽  
A. Postnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Budker Institute ◽  
Mammuthus Primigenius ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
The North

In the course of studies conducted by IAET SB RAS in the Lower Ob in 2016–2019, the understanding of the conditions for settlement of the Paleolithic population in the north of Western Siberia was significantly supplemented. Dating of a series of paleontological finds was carried out at the "Accelerated mass spectrometer of the Budker Institute of Nucle- ar Physics of SB RAS". The dates obtained show the distribution of the main representatives of the Upper Pleistocene fauna of Subarctica: Mammuthus primigenius – 50,000–15,000 BP, Coelodonta antiquitatis – 43,000–38,000 BP and 27,000–25,000 BP, Rangifer tarandus, Equus ferus – 40,000–10,000 BP, Bison sp. – 50,000–40,000 BP, Ovibos moschatus – 41,000–32,000 BP.

Scientific and technological aspects and prospects for application of cryogenic drilling technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
A. B. Tulubaev ◽  
E. V. Panikarovskii
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Chemical Reagent ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Permafrost Rocks ◽  
The North ◽  
Drilling Technology

In the article, we analyze types of drilling mud, which are used to drilling intervals of permafrost rocks; the importance of wellbore stability is noted. Wedescribethemain technologies, which have been being applied in the north of Western Siberia; these technologies are aimed at minimizing the loss wellbore stability due to violation of the temperature conditions in the well. We also analyze hydrocarbon systems, taking into account foreign experience, which is based on prospecting and exploratory drilling of ice deposits in Greenland and Antarctica. The article draws your attention to using synthetic fluids, monoesters and chladones. The difficulties of the existing technology and the disadvantages of the hydrocarbon systems are highlighted. We propose to apply a new cryogenic drilling technology, which consists in the use of synthetic fluorine-containing agents as flushing fluid at low temperatures. The text gives valuable information on composition of the proposed flushing fluid and the prospects of using the technology to prevent complications. Much attention is given to issue of manufacturing the main chemical reagent with the reduction of the generalized production chain of its production from the starting material, it is fluorspar.

THE BRONZE SHIELD FROM THE BURIAL OF A MEDIEVAL ARCHER IN THE KUZNETSK DESPRESSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
PILIPENKO S. ◽  
◽  
SULEIMENOV M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The South ◽  
Protective Shield

A number of works written by leading Siberian weapons experts are devoted to the classification of this piece of personal armour. Issues of weapons development played a significant role in the lives of the medieval people in the South of Western Siberia. One of the most frequently encountered categories of inventory in the burials of nomads includes ranged weapons: parts of bows, arrows, quivers. Yu.S. Khudyakova [1980, p. 118] and VV. Gorbunova [2006, p. 35-62]. However, bow sets are not limited to bows, arrows and quivers. There are also other parts of archery equipment known from the nomadic antiquities of the Volga region, such as archers’ rings and pavises [Rudenko, 2005, p. 27-35], items that have never been found in the South of Western Siberia until recently. During his exploration of burial ground 3 from mound 3 of Konevo, A.M. Ilyushin [2012, p. 37] found a bronze plate, which he believed belonged to plate armour. However, further study of the objects found in burial ground 3 of mound 3 of Konevo, raised doubts whether this attribution of the excavated bronze plate is justified. Acquaintance with the materials of burial 3 of mound 3 of the Konevo burial ground, raised doubts about such an attribution of the revealed bronze plate. Keywords: medieval nomads, archeology, bow, arrows, protective shield, pavise, gastagna, archer, Kuznetsk Depression

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