scholarly journals Seasonal Migration as a Livelihood Strategy of Women Agricultural Labourers in Soul Ponamara Mouza of Hirbandh Block, Bankura District, West Bengal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Debmita Nandi ◽  
Sumana Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Census Data ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

Seasonal migration is a common livelihood strategy among marginal and landless people of the western part of West Bengal. The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) and Census data have failed to provide information on seasonal migration and livelihoods at the micro-level. The present study focuses on the nature, characteristics and factors of seasonal migration with its importance as a livelihood strategy among women agricultural labourers (WALs) in Soul Ponamara mouza of Hirbandh block at the micro-level. The study is based on primary data collection using a purposive sampling method and a semi-structured questionnaire, personal interview and focus group discussion. This study reveals that seasonal migration from Soul Ponamara to the adjacent agriculturally prosperous districts viz. Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly (4 to 6 times in a year) is a common livelihood strategy among WALs in the study area, and its proportion is almost equal to when compared to male migrants. The small size of agricultural land holding, existing monoculture system, lack of irrigation facilities, a limited job opportunity in the Soul Ponamara mouza and its surrounding area (Amjhuri, Bijardihi, Chaka Doba, Moshiara, Bamni and Rangametia) provoke women labourers to move out in searching of works. In contrast, high wage and massive demand for skilled and semi-skilled agricultural labourers during sowing and harvesting season in the destination area, that is, paddy and potato fields of Purba Bardhaman and Hooghly districts acted as a magnet to absorb these immigrants into the workforce. This study concludes that seasonal migration opted for employment and income generation is the primary livelihood strategy adopted by the rural WALs of this mouza to cope up with the existing poverty and food insecurity.

scholarly journals Spatial Pattern of Multi-dimensional Regional Disparities in the Level of Socio-economic Development in West Bengal: A Geographical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Suranjan Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Census Data ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Micro Level

Micro-level spatial analysis of the different phenomenon duly associated with human development and also with the wellbeing of a nation. The study is a heart-core attempt to examine the inter-block regional disparity and development by constructing a multi-dimensional approach-based index. The study used thirty-four sub-dimensional variables under the five dimensions, including health, education, economy, socio-demography, and transport. The article used the data of the district statistical handbook of 2013 and census data of 2011. The empirical results of the study confirm the existence of huge inter-regional disparity on multi-dimensional developmental aspects, which drastically hampers the all-round growth and socio-economic development of Jalpaiguri Administrative Dvision (JAD) of West Bengal. The blocks of Khairabari, Darjeeling-Pulbazar, Rngli-rangit, Mirik, Kurseong, Kalimpong I & II are found to be high regional imbalances in the development of education, health, employment, and economy.  The study also helps to identify the most backward blocks. It confirms the huge inter-block/district disparities in West Bengal. The study argued that the low developed and high disparities blocks require special attention from policymakers in order to the improvement of overall socio-economic development of the study area.  Keywords: Jalpaiguri Administrative Dvision; Multi-dimensonal approach; regional disparity; regional imbalances; socio-economic development Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

scholarly journals Commuting patterns of workers in a village of Barddhaman district, West Bengal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Bhaswati Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Commuting Patterns ◽  
The Village

Commuting helps to keep balance between residence and workplace of workers. With growing accessibility and connectivity, the importance of commuting is increasing all over the world. It is becoming a major substitute to migration. In commute-studies, commute-pattern is an important chapter. It highlights commuters’ directions of movement, distance they cover, modes of transport they use, the time they take to commute, etc. Unlike the urban-based commute pattern, commute pattern in rural areas are relatively an under-researched issue. In fact, traditionally rural people are thought to carry a sedentary lifestyle. Using primary data, this study aims to explore the commute patterns of rural workers located in the village of Gandharbapur of Barddhaman district of West Bengal, India. All the commuters were found to be engaged in non-farm work. Commuters stem from two major groups. One group of commuters is accumulated farm-income induced. They possess sufficient agricultural land. Investing their surplus farm-income, they have established non-farm works. The second group of commuters is poverty-driven. They are landless poor or are marginal farmers and to escape poverty, they have slipped into these works. Located beyond the suburban area (Memari being the nearest town), most commuters commute to nearby rural areas. Due to non-availability of public transport, women commute less than men do. Regular-paid government employees commute longer than other workers commute. The article concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for further research.

scholarly journals Impact Of Membership Of Financial Institutions On Rural Saving: A Micro-Level Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena K. Pailwar ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Khushboo Saxena ◽  
Mitesh Nijhara
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Financial Saving ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Micro Level

In developing countries like India, mobilization of rural saving is necessary for inclusive growth. This micro study, aims at ascertaining the significance of financial institutions in mobilizing financial saving of rural/ semi-urban households. It is based on the primary data collected from full scale sample survey conducted in five villages and two suburban areas of National Capital Region, India. A hierarchal regression carried out on this data identified that the membership of financial institutions, specifically that of banks, insurance and informal financial institutions explains significant proportion of the variation in the rural household financial saving.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Consequences of Agricultural Land Use Change in Tarai of Nawalparasi District

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Bhola Nath Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Observation Methods

Changes in agricultural land use have a profound impact on the personal, family and social lives of people living in rural as well as semi-urban communities. The main objective of this paper is to explore socio-economic consequences of agricultural land use change during 2005/06 to 2015/16 in Nawalparasi District. This paper is based on collected primary data through household questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and field observation methods. Secondary sources of data through published and unpublished government documents, topographic and cadastral maps, and satellite images have been used in this study. Loss of cropping land and decreasing productivity, land fragmentation and increasing cost of inputs, changes in food security, increasing the land value, housing and rental cost, change in occupation, sources of income and expenditure and implementation of intensification and diversification strategies are the major consequences found in the study sites.

scholarly journals Formulating Rice Fields Conversion Control to Oil Palm Plantations in Tidal Wetlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Wildayana
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
The Government

The research aimed to gain reasons of farmers to convert their rice fields, and to formulate rice fields conversion control to oil palm plantations in tidal wetlands of South Sumatra. The research was carried out in a drainage and irrigation area of Pulau Rimau, Banyuasin District South Sumatra. Collected data consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data are taken from farmers who have already converted their rice fields into oil palm plantations. Secondary data were collected from the village, the District Agriculture Office and Statistic Agency. Data was collected through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analysis was performed using Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the factors that influence the decision of farmers to convert their land to oil palm plantation. The research resulted that if rice yields was estimated an average 3.00 tons Milled Dry Grain (MDG)/ha, then in 2006 with the existing land could produce rice as much as 127,719 tons MDG/year, but in 2013 the productivity of agricultural land decreased to 60,138 tons MDG/year. If the predicted needs of rice in year 2006 were 50,000 tons MDG/year and increased by 75,000 tons MDG/year in 2013, then if the land use is not immediately controlled, that Pulau Rimau will deficit rice. Factors contributing to land conversion are divided into three factors, namely technical aspects, economical aspects and environment aspects. The control concept can be divided in macro concept and micro concept. The macro concept generally be only done by the government or a strong industry who pays a lot of attention to the local community. The micro concept programs can be done either by the government, private or local communities.

scholarly journals Land Use Pattern, Drainage System and Waste Management of Saint Martain’s Island: A Geo-Environmental Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mr. Muhibbullah ◽  
Iqbal Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Use Pattern

Saint Martin’s island is one of the unique coral islands and popular tourist destinations in Bangladesh due to its location and favourable environmental condition. The present study has been taken to know the present and past land use pattern, and to explore the existing drainage system and wastes management of Saint Martin’s island in Bangladesh. To achieve the goals of the study, both primary and secondary data have been collected and incorporated. Primary data have been collected through field observation, questionnaire survey, and focus group discussion (FGD). Total 200 questionnaires have been conducted by random sampling during summer and winter season in the year of 2015. Secondary data were also collected from various official records and related researchers’ publications and articles. It is observed from the study that land use pattern of Saint Martin’s island has already been changed and still changing randomly due to increase of inhabitants, settlers and tourists. Most of the agricultural land and vacant lands are going to turn into the hotels, resorts and other human settlements. There is no structural drainage system in this Island. Moreover, most of the wastes are going to be produced by the tourists, fishermen, hotels and restaurants. The present study suggested taking necessary initiate through solving the waste mismanagement problem and proper drainage system for this unique coral island. 

scholarly journals Earth Observation and Geospatial techniques for Soil Salinity and Land Capability Assessment over Sundarban Bay of Bengal Coast, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Das ◽  
Malini Roy Choudhury ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
M. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Salinity Zone ◽  
Field Samples

Abstract To guarantee food security and job creation of small scale farmers to commercial farmers, unproductive farms in the South 24 PGS, West Bengal need land reform program to be restructured and evaluated for agricultural productivity. This study established a potential role of remote sensing and GIS for identification and mapping of salinity zone and spatial planning of agricultural land over the Basanti and Gosaba Islands(808.314sq. km) of South 24 PGS. District of West Bengal. The primary data i.e. soil pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Sodium Absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained from soil samples of various GCP (Ground Control Points) locations collected at 50 mts. intervals by handheld GPS from 0–100 cm depths. The secondary information is acquired from the remotely sensed satellite data (LANDSAT ETM+) in different time scale and digital elevation model. The collected field samples were tested in the laboratory and were validated with Remote Sensing based digital indices analysisover the temporal satellite data to assess the potential changes due to over salinization. Soil physical properties such as texture, structure, depth and drainage condition is stored as attributes in a geographical soil database and linked with the soil map units. The thematic maps are integrated with climatic and terrain conditions of the area to produce land capability maps for paddy. Finally, The weighted overlay analysis was performed to assign theweights according to the importance of parameters taken into account for salineareaidentification and mapping to segregate higher, moderate, lower salinity zonesover the study area.

scholarly journals Towards effective monitoring of sand mining sites and post management techniques in sand dredged environment of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 0952-099
Author(s):  
CM Abraham ◽  
K Essien ◽  
EU Umoh ◽  
EC Umoh ◽  
LE Ehiremem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Environment ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Impact

The study examined Sand Dredged Environment of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria towards effective monitoring of sand mining mites and post-management techniques. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select nine (9) Local Government Areas and three (3) communities from the selected local Government Areas in Akwa Ibom State. Primary data were collected with structured questionnaires and focus group discussion. The study reveals that post-management guidelines of sand mining environment was not adopted in the study area to the failure in management of the environment in which a larger expanse of agricultural land have been converted to waste land and borrow pit. This work found that acquisition of sand mining permit was grossly ignored among sand miners in some mining communities, whereas other miners who obtained their permit deliberately hired too many dredgers in their allocated sand mining sites and the stakeholders mandated to monitor sand mining sites did not visit the sites and were relatively unaware of the illegal businesses going on in the sand mining sites. Chi-square was used to examine the impact of stakeholders on management of sand mining environment. The result indicated that a value of 204.565 at p<0.05 was obtained and it was concluded that stakeholders in the solid mineral exploration industry should re-direct their interest toward post-management of sand mining environment so as to restore degraded ecosystem for further land use purposes.

Intergroup Inequality in Wealth Ownership in Rural India: Caste, Tribe and Religion

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Nitin Tagade ◽  
Sukhadeo Thorat
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Intergroup Inequality ◽  
The Impact

In India, the rural economy still remains crucially important in the economic wellbeing of the majority population. The low income and high poverty in rural areas are closely associated with unequal distribution of income-earning assets, particularly agricultural land and non-land capital assets. In this article, therefore, we try to understand the intergroup inequality in wealth ownership across caste, ethnic and religious groups in rural India based on the 2013 data from the All India Debt and Investment survey carried out by National Sample Survey Office. The results indicate high interpersonal wealth inequality so also the intergroup wealth inequality at the aggregate level and by type of assets in rural India. The impact of caste on the ownership of wealth clearly indicates high ownership among Hindu high caste and Hindu other backward caste at the cost of low wealth share or ownership of the SC/ST indicating the existence of graded inequality.

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