scholarly journals Interpretation of Symbols, Veneration and Divine Attributes in Dieng Temple Complex, Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Surpi ◽  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Nikki Avalokitesvari ◽  
I Made Gami Sandi Untara ◽  
I Ketut Sudarsana
Keyword(s):  
Divine Attributes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
Attributes Of God ◽  
Plateau Central ◽  
Necessary Existence ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Supreme Deity

This study aims to discuss the divine symbols and attributes used as a medium of worship in the Dieng Plateau. The research was phased in according to Wallace's empirical cycle and was conducted in the Dieng Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia, a spiritual centre in ancient Java. The discovery of the Śiva Triśirah statue in the Dieng Temple Complex reveals new things in the past Hindu Nusantara Theology construction. Several divine symbols and attributes are served as a medium of worship at the Temple Complex in the Dieng Plateau. The concept of Deity in the Dieng Plateau is Śivaistic in character with the worship of Lord Śiva Triśirah, that is, Śiva with three faces and four hands, as the Supreme Deity. However, some divine symbols and attributes also serve as a medium of worship and connected to divinity. In Hinduism, the sacred symbols and attributes of God are inseparable. Divine attributes generally define God. In the discussion of theology, God is described with various excellent attributes. The central divine attributes found are as follows: Omnipotence, Creatorship, Omniscience, Eternity and Omnipresence, Personhood, Goodness⁄ Perfection, Non-Physicality, Necessary, Existence, Simplicity, Immutability, and Impassibility. These divine attributes are depicted in various forms of sacred symbols found in the Dieng Plateau.

The Dikpālas of ancient Java revisited: A new identification for the 24 directional deities on the Śiva temple of the Loro Jonggrang complex

2012 ◽  
Vol 168 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 274-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Acri ◽  
Roy Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Unresolved Issue ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Clockwise Direction ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
The Temple

Caṇḍi Śiva, sacred centre of the famous ninth-century Loro Jonggrang temple complex at Prambanan, Central Java, is decorated with numerous iconic and narrative reliefs. Starting from the eastern staircase and traversing the perambulatory in a clockwise direction, we find the narrative reliefs of the Rāmāyaṇa on the balustrade wall on our left, and the iconic reliefs of twenty-four seated male deities, each flanked by several attendants – collectively referred to in the accompanying iconographic plan as ‘Lokapālas with attendants’– on our right, that is, on the temple body proper. The prime objective of the present inquiry is propose a new identification of this set of twenty-four deities forming Śiva’s entourage, which remains an unresolved issue in the art history of Central Java. Our findings will have implications for our understanding of the iconographical master plan of Loro Jonggrang, and, in a wider sense, of certain developments in Indo-Javanese and Balinese iconography.

scholarly journals The Temple of Besakih, Sukuh, and Cetho: The Dynamics of Cultural Heritage in the Context of Sustainable Tourism Development in Bali and Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
I Ketut Setiawan ◽  
Sulanjari Sulanjari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hindu Temple ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

Besakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh and Cetho are the Hindu temple that stillexisting in Central Java. These temples have their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop thesustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many experts who understand about the culturalrelation between the temple of Besakih in Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java.This becomes important since the indigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands aresignificant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political development in which their influencescan be seen at the modern and postmodern Balinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can beconsidered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15thcentury. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not only develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which thedevelopment of Hindu for the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu Mataramnamely in the era of king Sanjaya.The main questions that are need to be addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahitculture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho?Secondly,in which cultural context that occurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of theHindu culture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the difference between theindigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how the Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culturein terms of local wisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better understanding on how bothcommunities can strengthen their own culture in the context of their prosperity.

scholarly journals THE TEMPLE OF BESAKIH, SUKUH, AND CETHO: THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI AND JAVA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Ketut Ardhana ◽  
Sulandjari Sulandjari ◽  
I Ketut Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hindu Temple ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Temple

Besakih is one of the biggest Hindu temple in Bali and the temple of Sukuh and Cetho are the Hindu temple that still existing in Central Java. These temples have their similarity and differences in the context of how to develop the sustainable tourist development in Indonesia. However, there are not many experts who understand about the cultural relation between the temple of Besakih in Bali, Sukuh and Cetho in Central Java. This becomes important since the indigenization process that took place in the past of history in the two islands are significant to be understood in terms of social cultural, economic and political development in which their influences can be seen at the modern and postmodern Balinese culture. The development of Balinese temple of Besakih can be considered in the 11th century, while for Sukuh and Cetho temple after the fall of Majapahit kingdom in the 15th century. Therefore, it can be said that Hindu did not only develop in Bali, but also in Central Java, in which the development of Hindu for the beginning already took place indeed in the 7th to 8th in the context of Hindu Mataram namely in the era of king Sanjaya. The main questions that are need to be addressed in this paper are how was the process of the end of Majapahit culture that caused the cultural indigenization in the central Java such as shown in the temple of Sukuh and Cetho? Secondly, in which cultural context that occurred since the Javanese kingdoms did not influence the strength of the Hindu culture in the later period? Thirdly, how can it be compared the similarity and the difference between the indigenization in Bali and in Central Java?and lastly how the Balinese and the Javanese interprete their own culture in terms of local wisdom? By addressing these questions, it is expected to have a better understanding on how both communities can strengthen their own culture in the context of their prosperity.

scholarly journals Prasasti Paṇai: kajian ulang tentang lokasi Kerajaan Paṇai

AMERTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Lisda Meyanti
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Written Sources

The Paṇai Inscription was found in the temple complex in Padang Lawas. There is the word "Paṇai" written on the insciption. "Paṇai" is also written on the Tañjore Inscriptions and Nāgarakṛtāgama. The two written sources informed that in the past Chola and Majapahit kingdoms wanted to conquer several regions in Sumatra, including Paṇai. Both show that Paṇai was a potential and important area so that both kingdom wanted to conquer it. However, it is not known exactly where the location of Paṇai as referred to the two written sources yet. The research of this case has not been done much. Some researchers try to find the answer. Most researchers study it based on written sources from abroad. In this paper, through the Paṇai Inscription, the interpretation was made that the location was Padang Lawas. This can be seen from the contents of the inscriptions that wrote “Paṇai”and describe the natural conditions in accordance with the location of its discovery. This conclusion was obtained by conducting an in-depth study of the Paṇai Inscription using research methods commonly used in historical research, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.Prasasti Paṇai ditemukan di Kompleks Candi Padang Lawas. Dalam prasasti tersebut terdapat kata paṇai. Kata paṇai juga tertera pada Prasasti Tañjore dan kakawin Nāgarakṛtāgama. Kedua sumber tertulis tersebut menginformasikan bahwa pada masa lampau Kerajaan Chola dan Majapahit ingin menaklukkan beberapa daerah di wilayah Sumatra, termasuk Paṇai. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Paṇai merupakan daerah potensial dan penting sehingga kedua kerajaan tersebut ingin menaklukkannya. Namun, belum diketahui secara pasti di mana lokasi Paṇai seperti yang dimaksud dalam kedua sumber tertulis tersebut. Penelitian terhadap kasus ini juga belum banyak dilakukan. Beberapa peneliti berusaha untuk menemukan jawabannya. Kebanyakan peneliti mengkajinya berdasarkan sumber tertulis dari luar negeri, seperti catatan perjalanan. Dalam tulisan ini melalui Prasasti Paṇai dibangun interpretasi bahwa lokasi Paṇai yang dimaksud, baik oleh Prasasti Tañjore maupun kakawin Nāgarakṛtāgama adalah Padang Lawas. Hal ini terlihat dari isi prasasti yang menyebutkan kata paṇai dan menggambarkan keadaan alam yang sesuai dengan lokasi penemuannya. Kesimpulan ini diperoleh dengan melakukan kajian mendalam terhadap Prasasti Paṇai dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yang lazim digunakan dalam penelitian sejarah, yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.

The Greatest Possible Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Speaks
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Attributes Of God

Philosophical theology is the attempt to use reason to determine the attributes of God. An ancient tradition, which is perhaps more influential now than ever, tries to derive the attributes of God from the principle that God is the greatest possible being. This book argues that that constructive project is a failure. It also argues that the principle that God is the greatest possible being is unsuited to play two other theoretical roles. The first of these is the role of setting the limits of the concept of God, particularly in the context of debates over the existence of God. The second is the role of explaining the meaning of ‘God.’ This leaves us with three unanswered questions. If the principle that God is the greatest possible being can’t deliver results about the divine attributes, define the concept of God, or give the meaning of the name ‘God,’ what can? The last chapter makes some initial steps toward answering these questions.

Tirumala Tirupati: Wait a Moment

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Maiden ◽  
Gerry Yemen ◽  
Elliott N. Weiss ◽  
Oliver Wight
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Temple Complex ◽  
The World ◽  
Hindu Temples ◽  
Challenging Students ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Temple

This case examines the queueing issues caused by the growth in popularity of one of the most visited Hindu temples in the world. On January 2, 2015, Ramesh and Vasantha Gupta visit Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, just a day after some 210,000 people crowded the 2,000-year-old site. The case describes the many enhancements that the temple administrator, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), has implemented since its management of the temple complex began in 1932. The soaring popularity of the temple, however, has led to safety and comfort concerns for pilgrims. While challenging students to consider additional improvements that might benefit pilgrim throughput rate and time in the temple system, the case highlights the tension TTD must manage between maximizing efficiency and maintaining religious traditions. Additionally, the case demonstrates the importance of perceived waiting times in the management of queues.

scholarly journals Perancangan Buku Ilustrasi Pop Up Candi Hindu-Budha Di Jawa Tengah Sebagai Media Edukasi Alternatif (Studi Kasus pada Anak Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 159 Sekejati Bandung)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Ricki Natali Jaya ◽  
Citra Kemala Putri ◽  
Sophia Purbasari
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Past History ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Central Java

The knowledge of history is the study of incidents in the past. Therefore, the knowledge of history has many benefits, including: history can create a better future by taking lessons and experiences from the past. History can be studied if there are forms of heritage, such as a temples. The center of the temple in Indonesia is located in Central Java, the center of the Hindu-Buddhist temple. This region has the Borobudur Temple, which is best known by the people of Indonesia and foreign tourists, because Borobudur Temple is the largest Buddhist temple in the world. But many other temples are interesting to be known by the community, especially by elementary school children who start studying history in fifth grade elementary school. Learning history in schools requires a variety of learning methods, so that students are enthusiastic and do not get bored while learning in class. In overcoming the history of learning methods that are less diverse in fifth grade elementary school children in Bandung, pop-up books were chosen as a solution to this problem because, the use of pop-up book media is a new experience for many students at school. Data collection techniques carried out by interview and observation using mixed methods. The main media is a pop up book entitled "Myths and Legends of Temples in Indonesia - Hindu-Buddhist Temple Edition in Central Java". Accompanied by supporting media, namely: stickers, carrying bags, tumblers, fans, and clothes. The design was made to increase insight and introduction of Hindu-Buddhist temples in Central Java to fifth grade students in Bandung.

scholarly journals Migration and Loss of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) at Southern Slope of Mt. Slamet Central Java Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pudji Widodo ◽  
Titi Chasanah
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Different Altitudes ◽  
Commercial Hunting

Phlegmariurus is a genus of lycophyte plants in the family Lycopodiaceae which is sensitive to climate change. In the past, there were four species namely 1) Phlegmariurus phlegmaria, 2) P. nummulariifolius, 3) P. carinatus, and 4) P. squarrosus found as epiphytic clubmosses on many trees such as pines and Agathis on the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. During 42 years there has been a significant loss of Phlegmariurus at the slope which covers approximately 15,000 ha rain forest covering the subdistrict of Cilongok in the west, Baturraden in the middle, and Sumbang in the east. Some surveys that had been conducted from 1978 to 2020 showed that the presence frequency of the plant decreased. We correlated the temperature increase data from NOAA and precipitaion data from the local meteorology and geophysics data to the frequency of the plants. Furthermore, we also interviewed ten nurseries which sold the Phlegmariurus of approximately 60 nurseries (Figure 6). The information we gathered showed that the location of the plant sources was above the previous locations. We also observed the cultivated Phlegmariurus at different altitudes namely at 95-97 m, 300-400 m, and 600-800 m a.s.l. The result of this study showed that in the past there were a lot of Phlegmariurus spp. However, in 2020 Phlegmariurus were absent in most areas at the southern slope of Mt. Slamet. We proposed three causes of the migration and loss of Phlegmariurus at the southern part of Mt. Slamet namely: 1) The increase of temperature, the decrease of precipitation, and 3) commercial hunting.

scholarly journals Geger Sikep: Environmental (Re)Interpretation among the Contemporary Anti-Cement Movement in Kendeng, Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Setiadi Setiadi ◽  
Aprilia Rejeki Saraswati ◽  
Nur Rosyid
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Discourse ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Nature And Nurture

Over the past decade, a shift has occurred in the Sedulur Sikep communitys attitude since the increase in its popularity and coverage in the mass media following its involvement in the anti-cement movement in Central Java. However, not all members of Sedulur Sikep participate in or even approve of this movement. This anthropological study attempts to illustrate how this situation has pushed the Sikep community members to (re)recognize their values, the influence of these values on environmental discourse, and how the relations between them are understood and practiced by Sedulur Sikep and the movement fighting in its name. By examining the adaptability of ecological knowledge and the ordering of visible space as a result of complex interactions between nature and nurture, it is possible to examine the shifts in their understanding of environmental dynamics and their cultural identity. The fragmentation that has occurred is rooted in different understandings of the reciprocal bonds between the Sedulur Sikeps tani mligi identity and natural resources. The dynamics and stagnation seen in how Sedulur Sikep positions itself in relation to cement production is also apparent in various methods of (re)interpretation, particularly regarding the relevance of Sedulur Sikeps beliefs to its ecological contestation and struggle for living space.

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