scholarly journals Toxicity of new fungicides for eukaryotic microorganisms isolated from the gut of the food-important vegetable pollinator Bombus terrestris L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
M. Y. Syromyatnikov ◽  
O. V. Savinkova ◽  
V. N. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Insect Pollinator ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Penicillium Commune

Currently, there is a trend in decreasing of the number of pollinators, which is already a matter of food security. Bumblebees Bombus terrestris L. are economically important pollinators of vegetables and other agricultural crops. Recently, it has been suggested that the synergistic effect of pesticides and diseases that affect pollinators contributes to a sharp decline in the number of pollinators. In this work, we investigated the effect of new biodegradable fungicides on eukaryotic microorganisms Penicillium commune and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the gut of Bombus terrestris L. larvae. It was shown that the new fungicides studied can inhibit the growth of both mycelial eukaryotic microorganisms and yeast eukaryotic microorganisms. Among the studied substances, the most effective was fungicide 2. The studied substances are selectively toxic only for eukaryotic microorganisms and do not have a toxic effect on animals, in particular insects, and can be used to treat insect pollinator infections caused by fungal microorganisms. It was noted that the new fungicides are more toxic to yeast than to mycelial fungi.

EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENTS IN MODERNIZATION OF ANALYTICAL TESTING LABORATORY OF AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
O. N. BUNCHIKOV ◽  
◽  
V. I. GAYDUK ◽  
S. V. GLADKY ◽  
M. G. PAREMUZOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The article considers the aspects of increasing the competitiveness of an agricultural enterprise in modern conditions with the use of innovative management methods. Ensuring the country's food security is impossible without intensive cultivation of agricultural crops, based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress. The solution of this problem requires a large number of investments in the conditions of limited land resources and the instability of agro-industrial production.

scholarly journals Synergistic effect of an ultraviolet feeding cue for an avian repellent and protection of agricultural crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Werner ◽  
Shelagh T. DeLiberto ◽  
Susan E. Pettit ◽  
Anna M. Mangan
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Agricultural Crops

scholarly journals Agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of Calotropis procera, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Leandro Costa Nunes ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽  
Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽  
Aridênia Peixoto Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cropping Seasons

ABSTRACT The integration of research emphasizing sustainable development, employment, income generation and food security has been highlighted in the media. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of roostertree, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of four amounts of C. procera incorporated in the soil (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor of three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) in two cropping seasons. Radish samples were evaluated for plant height, dry mass of shoots, total and commercial productivity of roots, productivity of scrap roots, and dry mass of roots, while in cowpea, vegetation was assessed for length of green pods, number of pods per square meter, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and yield and dry mass of green grains. The economic indicators of monetary advantage and modified monetary advantage were used in the evaluation of efficiency. A greater agro-economic responsiveness of the intercropping of radish and cowpea crops was obtained with the incorporation of 56.44 t ha-1 of C. procera. The spatial arrangements of 3:3 and 4:4 had better agronomic and economic responsiveness. The association between radish and cowpea is feasible when the crops are fertilized with C. procera.

scholarly journals al-Tanmiyyah al-zira’iyyah al-mustadamah fi al-Sudan bayna al-tumuh wa al-waqi‘

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Abdullah al-Tayyib Musa Muhammad ◽  
Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik ◽  
Mohd Borhanuddin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
World Food Security

This paper dealt with the subject of sustainable agricultural development in Sudan, whereby it mentioned the importance and status of the agricultural sector in Sudan to the citizens and the whole world. Sudan represents the food basket of the Arab, Islamic and African world and is one of the dependable countries in achieving world food security. The paper also addressed the types of agriculture in Sudan and the arrangement of agricultural crops grown in Sudan and its position on the global map of agricultural products. The data of this research has been collected from the sources and references that dealt with these aspects in addition to the reports available at various authorities, especially the Sudanese Governmental bodies represented in the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Sudan, and materials, reports, studies and researches published in the World Wide Web (Internet). This paper concluded that Sudan has many geographical components that can make it a pioneer in the field of sustainable agricultural development, due to its potentialities to produce various agricultural crops that contribute to the achievement of food security for it and for the world as a whole. With these potentialities it can play an effective role in alleviating poverty and achieving sustainable agricultural development conducive to economic and social development based upon agricultural production. The components of sustainable agricultural development in the Sudan are the diversity of the climate, the diversity of agricultural land, the different soil and the availability of water resources from many sources, such as the Nile River, its tributaries, groundwater and rainwater. This is in addition to the availability of suitable areas for agriculture and the existence of agricultural workers with extensive technical expertise and full knowledge of various agricultural works. The paper also concluded that Sudan has a wide variety of agricultural crops, but it faces many problems that negatively impact crop areas and the quantities produced. These include drought, desertification, poor agricultural finance and the lack of modern scientific methods in agriculture and narrow markets. The paper recommended the need for agricultural finance, the opening of new markets abroad, the expansion of modern methods, the development of new varieties of improved seeds and the fight against drought and desertification. تناولت هذه الورقة موضوع التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في السودان، حيث أوردت أهمية ومكانة القطاع الزراعي في السودان بالنسبة للمواطنين وبالنسبة للعالم أجمع ،فالسودان يمثل سلة غذاء العالم العربي والإسلامي والإفريقي وهو من الدول المعوَل عليها في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي للعالم أجمع ،كما تناولت هذه الورقة أنواع الزراعة في السودان وترتيب المحاصيل الزراعية التي تُزرع في السودان ووضعها في الخارطة العالمية للمنتوجات الزراعية، وقد تم جمع مادة هذه الورقة من المصادر والمراجع التي تناولت هذه الجوانب بالإضافة الى التقارير المتوفرة لدى الجهات المختلفة وخاصه الجهات الحكومية السودانية متمثلة في وزارة الزراعة بجمهورية السودان، والمواد والتقارير والدراسات والبحوث المنشورة في الشبكة العالمية العنكبوتية (الإنترنت) .وخلصت هذه الورقة الى أن السودان يمتلك مقومات جغرافية عديدة يمكن أن تجعله رائداَ في مجال التنمية الزراعية المستدامة ؛ لماله من الإمكانات لإنتاج محاصيل زراعية مختلفة تساهم في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي له وللعالم أجمع وبهذه الإمكانيات يمكن أن يلعب دوراً فاعلاً في تخفيف حدّة الفقر وتحقيق تنمية زراعية مستدامة تؤدى الى تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية ،أساسها الإنتاج الزراعي. وتتمثل مقومات التنمية الزراعية المستدامة في السودان في تنوع المناخ وتنوع الأرض الزراعية مختلفة التربة وتوفر موارد مائية من مصادر عديدة، كنهر النيل وروافده والمياه الجوفية ومياه الأمطار هذا بجانب توفر المساحات الصالحة للزراعة ووجود عمالة زراعية ذات خبرة فنية واسعة ومعرفة تامة بالأعمال الزراعية المختلفة. وخلصت هذه الورقة أيضاً الى أن للسودان محاصيل زراعية متنوعة وكثيرة ولكنه يواجه الكثير من المشاكل التي تؤثر سلباً على المساحات المزروعة بالمحاصيل والكميات المنتجة منها، ومن هذه المشاكل الجفاف والتصحر وضعف التمويل الزراعي وعدم استخدام الأساليب العلمية الحديثة في الزراعة وضيق الأسواق.  وأوصت هذه الورقة بضرورة توفير التمويل الزراعي، وفتح أسواق جديدة بالخارج والتوسع في الأساليب الحديثة واستنباط أصناف جديدة من البذور المحسنة ومكافحة الجفاف والتصحر.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity and Synergistic Combinations of Ten Different Bt Toxins against Mythimna separata (Walker)

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yudong Quan ◽  
Prabu Sivaprasath ◽  
Muhammad Shabbir ◽  
Zhenying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Recombinant Bacteria ◽  
Bt Crops ◽  
Bt Toxins ◽  
Neonate Larvae ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

The oriental armyworm (OAW), Mythimna separata (Walker), is a destructive pest of agricultural crops in Asia and Australia. Commercialized Bt crops have performed very well against their target pests; however, very few studies have been done on the susceptibility of OAW to Bt toxins in either sprays or expressed in Bt crops. In this work, we evaluated the toxicities of Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ah, Cry1Fa, Cry2Aa, Cry2Ab, Cry1Ie, Vip3Aa19, Vip3Aa16, and Vip3Ca against OAW neonate larvae, as well as the interaction between Cry and Vip toxins. The results from bioassays revealed that LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) values ranged from 1.6 to 78.6 μg/g (toxin/diet) for those toxins. Among them, Vip3 proteins, along with Cry1A proteins and Cry2Aa, were the ones with the highest potency, with LC50 values ranging from 1.6 to 7.4 μg/g. Synergism between Cry and Vip toxins was observed, being high in the combination of Vip3Aa16 with Cry1 toxins, with synergetic factors ranging from 2.2 to 9.2. The Vip3Ca toxin did not show any synergistic effect with any of the toxins tested. These results can help in designing new combinations of pyramiding genes in Bt crops, as well as in recombinant bacteria, for the control of OAW as well as for resistance management programs.

scholarly journals Pesticide exposure affects flight dynamics and reduces flight endurance in bumblebees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kenna ◽  
Hazel Cooley ◽  
Ilaria Pretelli ◽  
Ana Ramos Rodrigues ◽  
Steve D. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Insect Pollinator ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Flight Mills ◽  
Summary Statement

AbstractThe emergence of agricultural land use change creates a number of challenges that insect pollinators, such as eusocial bees, must overcome. Resultant fragmentation and loss of suitable foraging habitats, combined with pesticide exposure, may increase demands on foraging, specifically the ability to reach resources under such stress. Understanding the effect that pesticides have on flight performance is therefore vital if we are to assess colony success in these changing landscapes. Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of pesticide across the globe, and exposure to bees has been associated with reduced foraging efficiency and homing ability. One explanation for these effects could be that elements of flight are being affected, but apart from a couple of studies on the honeybee, this has scarcely been tested. Here we used flight mills to investigate how exposure to a field realistic (10ppb) acute dose of imidacloprid affected flight performance of a wild insect pollinator - the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax. Intriguingly, intial observations showed exposed workers flew at a significantly higher velocity over the first ¾ km of flight. This apparent hyperactivity, however, may have a cost as exposed workers showed reduced flight distance and duration to around a third of what control workers were capable of achieving. Given that bumblebees are central place foragers, impairment to flight endurance could translate to a decline in potential forage area, decreasing the abundance, diversity and nutritional quality of available food, whilst potentially diminishing pollination service capabilities.Summary StatementAcute neonicotinoid exposure impaired flight endurance and affected velocity of Bombus terrestris workers, which may dramatically reduce colony foraging potential and pollination provision in pesticide applied landscapes.

Total humiliation pests and fight against them.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usmonov Sanjarbek Paxlovonovich ◽  
Bakhodirov Ulugbek Zokirjon o’g’li ◽  
Ergasheva Husnida Ibrohimovna
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Crops

Uzbekistan has undergone fundamental reforms in all areas of agriculture. The main goal is to ensure food security. One of the factors that can reduce crop yields is insect pests. One of the insects that pose a threat to agricultural crops is the locust. The observations were mainly conducted on Asian, Moroccan, and locust swarms.

scholarly journals Ecological-economical aspects of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops in various business entities

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Andrii Doronin ◽  
Olena Polishchuk ◽  
Vitalii Vitalii
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Crop Nutrition ◽  
Output Market ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Made In ◽  
Sunflower Production

The paper covers the analysis of the development of the crop output market in Ukraine which ensures both food security of the country and the production of alternative fuel. The preconditions of negative changes in agriculture of Ukraine were studied. High profitability of corn and sunflower production encourages producers to increase their sown areas. The analysis of the production of some agricultural crops was made in the years of 2000–2019. The challenge of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops is discussed in the paper. The estimation of the production efficiency of some kinds of agricultural products at farm enterprises of Ukraine for the period of 2009–2019 was made. Some ecological-economical aspects of the use of nutritious residues of agricultural crops to balance mineral crop nutrition and to manufacture bio-fuel were suggested.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Managed Honey Bees to Crop Pollination, Food Security, and Economic Stability: Case of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekiros Fikadu
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollination Service ◽  
Lower Productivity

This paper reviews the role and economic importance of the pollination service by honey bees (Apis mellifera) to agricultural crops and food security in the Ethiopian context. Honey bees provide pollination services that are crucial for sexual reproduction and improving the quality and quantity of many agricultural crops. From the significant 53 crops cultivated in Ethiopia, 33 (62.2%) of them are dependent on biological pollinators. Besides this, honey bees play a vital economic role, and their contribution to pollination service in agriculture crops is around 0.815 billion dollars in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, this contribution is unnoticed by Ethiopian farmers. Pollination by honey bee plays an essential role in human nutrition and supplies food security, income in households, and ecosystem services. Declines in insect pollinators, including honey bees across the world, have raised concerns about the supply of pollination services to agriculture, and it is because one-third of agriculture productions depend upon pollination, mainly by honey bees. Among the several factors responsible for the decline of honey bee colonies, improper pesticide application, and climate change are the elements and make them at risk. The potential adverse effects of pollinator declines include direct economic losses incurred by reduced crop yields as well as broader impacts on the agricultural activity because of lower productivity in the ecosystems. Through promoting and the use of honey bee pollination service as agricultural development packages, it is possible to improve honey bee production and crop yield in Ethiopia.

Food Security Surveillance in the Palestinian Territories

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. S20-S21
Author(s):  
Gregg Greenough ◽  
Ziad Abdeen ◽  
Bdour Dandies ◽  
Radwan Qasrawi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Security Surveillance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document