Protecting Student Interns Title IX Rights Given Recent Changes to the Law

As Title IX approaches its 50th anniversary, the state of its application to athletic departments within federally funded schools at the secondary and postsecondary levels evokes the expression “the more things change, the more things stay the same.” Title IX has been credited with successfully addressing sexual stereotypes that generally limited opportunities and created barriers for students to realize their full potential as athletes, citizens, parents, scholars, and workers (Buzuvis, 2012). As much as the educational landscape has changed as a result of Title IX, there remains a concern that schools do not have the mechanisms in place to ensure compliance five decades after the law was passed. The purpose of this study was to examine what college athletes know about Title IX and how they come to know it through a survey instrument comprised of five open-ended questions. Consistent with previous studies of coaches, athletics administrators, educators, and athletes, nearly 50% of the college athletes participating in this study did not know what Title IX was. For the remaining 50%, their perceptions of Title IX reveal large gaps in foundational understandings of what Title IX requires and how it works. The words of the respondents offer a window into their understandings and relationship with Title IX which cover a full spectrum from “it opens up the door for everyone” and “gives female athletes the support they need to succeed” to it results in an “illogical” way to achieve fairness.

Download Full-text

Advocacy From the Liberal Feminist Playbook: The Framing of Title IX and Women’s Sports in News Releases From the Women’s Sports Foundation

International Journal of Sport Communication ◽

10.1123/ijsc.4.2.178 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 178-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Barbara Barnett ◽

Marie C. Hardin

Keyword(s):

Title Ix ◽

Athletic Participation ◽

Women's Sports ◽

Advocacy Groups ◽

Equitable Distribution ◽

News Releases ◽

Women's Participation ◽

Women’S Sports ◽

Distribution Of Resources ◽

The Law

Since Title IX was enacted in 1972, women’s advocates have considered how the law has affected female participation in sports, and critics have suggested that the law has unfairly denied opportunities to men. Studies have examined how journalists have covered Title IX and its consequences, yet few have looked at how advocacy groups have sought to influence coverage of the law. This textual analysis examines press statements published by the Women’s Sports Foundation from 2004 through 2009 and concludes that the organization used frames of community and transcendence in discussing women’s athletic participation. The foundation characterized community as essential to the support of women’s participation in sports and suggested that participation and achievement in sports were symbolic of women’s accomplishments in the larger society. The foundation also focused on fairness and equality as rationales for equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. Title IX was rarely mentioned in press statements.

Download Full-text

Conclusion

Legally Straight ◽

10.18574/nyu/9780814775981.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Joe Rollins

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Title Ix ◽

Gay Marriage ◽

Lesbian And Gay ◽

Social Scripts ◽

Childhood Sexuality ◽

The Social ◽

The Family ◽

The Law ◽

And Gender

The conclusion weaves together the arguments from previous chapters to examine the elasticity of childhood and gender socialization in other areas of the law. Child sexual abuse, childhood sexuality, Title IX, abortion rights, and sexting provide material for understanding how conceptions of childhood, marriage, and the family are changing. While the book shows how much has changed in the law and culture of marriage, much remains the same. Rather than undermining heterosexuality and the marital ideology associated with it, the legal language of the lesbian and gay marriage debate has instead shored up and strengthened the social scripts associated with heterosexuality, gender, reproduction, and childhood. Age, childhood, and gender have become the dominant markers of properly domesticated sexuality.

Download Full-text

Women Are a Problem

Communication & Sport ◽

10.1177/2167479516685578 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 25-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie B. Lane

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Intercollegiate Athletics ◽

Title Ix ◽

Media Coverage ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Female Athletes ◽

New York Times ◽

Media Analysis ◽

Male Dominance ◽

The Law

Media coverage of Title IX over the past several decades has both praised the law and the achievements of female athletes who have benefited from it and highlighted claims that men’s college sports have been the unanticipated victims of the effort to increase opportunities for women. This study sought to understand how coverage of the debate in 1974–1975 over the Title IX regulations helped shape discourse about the law with regard to intercollegiate athletics. Through a combination of archival research and qualitative media analysis, I identified arguments made by Title IX critics and advocates and analyzed coverage of the debate in the New York Times and the Washington Post, paying particular attention to the presence or absence of what Dunja Antunovic called conflict and celebratory narratives. I found that conflict narratives that reflected concerns of Title IX critics overwhelmed celebratory narratives as well as anticommercialism narratives that I also detected. I concluded that these newspapers allowed critics, led by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to shape the discourse about the meaning of Title IX and its consequences, thereby reinforcing male dominance of the American sport culture and missing an opportunity to question the commercialization of intercollegiate athletics.

Download Full-text

The Elephant in the Room: How COVID-19’s Financial Impact Further Threatens Title IX Compliance

International Journal of Sport Communication ◽

10.1123/ijsc.2020-0242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 399-407

Author(s):

Karen L. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Title Ix ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Collegiate Athletics ◽

Financial Impact ◽

Athletic Programs ◽

Athletic Departments ◽

The Law ◽

American Society

This scholarly commentary addresses COVID-19’s financial impact by examining how current and proposed National Collegiate Athletic Association bylaw waivers could negatively affect women’s collegiate athletics and Title IX compliance. These potential bylaw changes come after years of misinformation, a lack of education, and minimal understanding of the law. In the chaos of COVID-19’s impact on American society and athletic programs, Title IX has become the elephant in the room. The essay concludes with three recommendations that could help athletic departments alleviate Title IX compliance issues when enacting the bylaw waivers.

Download Full-text

Protecting Our Students: Title IX, Sexual Harassment, and Internships

Sport Management Education Journal ◽

10.1123/smej.2019-0007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 117-125

Author(s):

Michael A. Odio ◽

Patty Raube Keller ◽

Dana Drew Shaw

Keyword(s):

Sexual Harassment ◽

Subject Matter ◽

Title Ix ◽

Sport Management ◽

Subject Matter Experts ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

The Law ◽

Male Dominated ◽

Hostile Environments ◽

Campus Experiences

As internships are typically off-campus experiences with minimal supervision from educators, the legal role and responsibilities of educators in protecting and responding to such issues are not always clear, especially pertaining to the application of Title IX. Given the growing prevalence of internships in sport management, a historically male-dominated industry, the issue of sexual harassment is particularly important for this discipline. Through this article, the authors seek to provide the knowledge and perspective of 3 subject-matter experts speaking to legal and practical considerations regarding the design and implementation of sport management internships. Their collective perspective offers insights on following the law and preparing students for potentially hostile environments.

Download Full-text

A More Just, Inclusive Future for Sports

Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport ◽

10.18060/25600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 201-211

Author(s):

Dionne Koller

Keyword(s):

Title Ix ◽

50Th Anniversary ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Sports Law ◽

Women's Sport ◽

Law And Policy ◽

New Ideas ◽

Women And Girls ◽

The Law ◽

Women In Sports

This issue of the Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport (JLAS) was dedicated to women in sports law, with a specific emphasis on inclusiveness and new ideas. For decades, the central focus of the law and policy directed to women and sports was Title IX enforcement and securing opportunities for participation. As we approach Title IX’s 50th anniversary, it is clear that the law has greatly expanded participation opportunities for women and powerfully altered the norms around women and sports. Nevertheless, much work remains. Women and girls still do not enjoy the full measure of equality that Title IX guarantees, and women’s sport at all levels still does not get the attention, resources, and respect that it should. The COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this issue.

Download Full-text

Ethical Challenges: Less About Moral Wrongdoing and More About Communication Breakdown

Perspectives on Gerontology ◽

10.1044/gero20.3.72 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 72-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paula Leslie ◽

Mary Casper

Keyword(s):

Ethical Challenges ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Thickened Liquids ◽

Communication Breakdown ◽

Professional Duty ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The Law ◽

Personal Case

“My patient refuses thickened liquids, should I discharge them from my caseload?” A version of this question appears at least weekly on the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Community pages. People talk of respecting the patient's right to be non-compliant with speech-language pathology recommendations. We challenge use of the word “respect” and calling a patient “non-compliant” in the same sentence: does use of the latter term preclude the former? In this article we will share our reflections on why we are interested in these so called “ethical challenges” from a personal case level to what our professional duty requires of us. Our proposal is that the problems that we encounter are less to do with ethical or moral puzzles and usually due to inadequate communication. We will outline resources that clinicians may use to support their work from what seems to be a straightforward case to those that are mired in complexity. And we will tackle fears and facts regarding litigation and the law.

Download Full-text