Emotional responses of children and adolescents to parents with multiple sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Yahav ◽  
Janine Vosburgh ◽  
Ariel Miller
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The effect of a chronic illness of one parent on children is determined by a complicated interaction of various emotional components. Our focus was on the children’s and adolescent’s emotional reactions and feelings towards their multiple sclerosis (MS)-affected parents, including: degree of responsibility, obligation and concern, yielding behaviour and active protection, fear and anxiety related to the state of illness, their sense of burden in connection with household tasks and errands, and anger. Fifty-six children, ages 10=18, each having a parent with MS, were examined. The results were compared to a control group of 156 age-matched children with healthy parents. Feelings were examined by means of a questionnaire previously constructed by us. We found that children of parents with MS felt more responsibility and obligation than children of healthy parents. They also exhibited more yielding behaviour, more fear and anxiety related to states of illness, a greater sense of burden and a greater degree of anger. We consider the interaction between the sex of the parent and the sex of the child in connection with these feelings and discuss the implications of the ‘parental child’ role of these children.

scholarly journals Induced Empathy Moderates Emotional Responses to Expressive Qualities in Music

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492097472
Author(s):  
Katherine O’Neill ◽  
Hauke Egermann
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Experimental Group

Recent research has explored the role of empathy in the context of music listening. Here, through an empathy priming paradigm, situational empathy was shown to act as a causal mechanism in inducing emotion, although the way empathy was primed had low levels of ecological validity. We therefore conducted an online experiment to explore the extent to which information about a composer’s expressive intentions when writing a piece of music would significantly affect the degree to which participants reportedly empathise with the composer and in turn influence emotional responses to expressive music. A total of 229 participants were randomly assigned to three groups. The experimental group read short texts describing the emotions felt by the composer during the process of composition. To control for the effect of text regardless of its content, one control group read texts describing the characteristics of the music they were to hear, and a second control group was not given any textual information. Participants listened to 30-second excerpts of four pieces of music, selected to express emotions from the four quadrants of the circumplex theory of emotion. Having heard each music excerpt, participants rated the valence and arousal they experienced and completed a measure of situational empathy. Results show that situational empathy in response to music is significantly associated with trait empathy. As opposed to those in the control conditions, participants in the experimental group responded with significantly higher levels of situational empathy. Receiving this text significantly moderated the effect of the expressiveness of stimuli on induced emotion, indicating that it induced empathy. We conclude that empathy can be induced during music listening through the provision of information about the specific emotions of a person relating to the music. These findings contribute to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie emotional responses to music.

scholarly journals Possible Role of Butyrylcholinesterase in Fat Loss and Decreases in Inflammatory Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis after Treatment with Epigallocatechin Gallate and Coconut Oil: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3230
Author(s):  
Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí ◽  
Jose Luis Platero ◽  
Iván Hu Yang ◽  
Jose Joaquin Ceron ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Percentage

(1) Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by the loss of muscle throughout the course of the disease, which in many cases is accompanied by obesity and related to inflammation. Nonetheless, consuming epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ketone bodies (especially β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB)) produced after metabolising coconut oil, have exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and a decrease in body fat. In addition, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), seems to be related to the pathogenesis of the disease associated with inflammation, and serum concentrations have been related to lipid metabolism. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the role of BuChE in the changes caused after treatment with EGCG and ketone bodies on the levels of body fat and inflammation state in MS patients. (2) Methods. A pilot study was conducted for 4 months with 51 MS patients who were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil, and the control group was prescribed a placebo. Fat percentage and concentrations of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BuChE), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, triglycerides, interleukin 6 (IL-6), albumin and βHB in serum were measured. (3) Results. The intervention group exhibited significant decreases in IL-6 and fat percentage and significant increases in BuChE, βHB, PON1, albumin and functional capacity (determined by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)). On the other hand, the control group only exhibited a decrease in IL-6. After the intervention, BuChE was positively correlated with the activity of PON1, fat percentage and triglycerides in the intervention group, whereas these correlations were not observed in the control group (4). Conclusions. BuChE seems to have an important role in lipolytic activity and the inflammation state in MS patients, evidenced after administering EGCG and coconut oil as a βHB source.

Childhood Chronic Illness and the School

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalyn H. Shute
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Present State ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Childhood Chronic Illness ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
School Counsellors

This paper introduces to school personnel some important issues with regard to chronic illness in children and adolescents. Current approaches to understanding the adaptation of young people to chronic illness are introduced, and the present state of knowledge about its psychosocial impact is outlined. Specific effects on education are then discussed, followed by a consideration of the role of school personnel, particularly guidance officers and school counsellors, in ensuring that the needs of students with chronic illnesses are appropriately met.

scholarly journals Atmospherics and the establishment of long-term customer relationships in a retail environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
I. Olivier ◽  
M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

With the current focus on establishing long-tenn customer relationships, the enhancement of the entire shopping experience and the role of atmosphere and the emotional reactions it elicits, are becoming increasingly important. Determining the factors that contribute to the creation of pleasant or unpleasant shopping experiences can influence future strategic planning. The focus of this study falls on the way that the physical environmental factors of a store, more specifically the environmental odour, affect consumers' emotional responses. This is discussed on the basis of environmental psychology, using certain research findings as well as theoretical models to shed more light on this topic.

scholarly journals The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rahnama ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Peiman Petramfar ◽  
Davod Tasa ◽  
Vahid Hemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease, which leads to serious disease symptoms in immunocompromised hosts and infants. Recent epidemiologic surveys showed that microbial agents may be associated with some cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This case-control study aimed to examine the role of Toxoplasma gondii in MS by evaluating sero-frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG (ATXAb) antibody between patients with MS and ordinary people in Shiraz Province, south of Iran during 2016 - 2018. Methods: Serum samples obtained from MS patients (n = 130), and a group of age and gender-matched controls (n = 130) with the same socioeconomic status with the patients’ group were collected to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies (ATXAb). Moreover, the presence of the ATXAb antibody of the patients and controls was determined by the ELISA test. SPSS 20 software was used to perform the statistical analysis (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Out of 130 (35.4%) cases with MS and 130 (13.8%) controls, 46 and 18 subjects were seropositive for ATXAb, respectively. Based on the chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in terms of the positivity rates of ATXAb between the MS patient group and the control group (P = 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation ATXAb levels in controls and MS patients were found to be 61 ± 34 and 114 ± 47 IU/mL, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the levels of these two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the relationship between toxoplasmosis and MS, it is possible that the prevalence of MS decreases by increasing hygiene and preventing toxoplasmosis.

The Role of Morality in Emotional Reactions to and Enjoyment of Media Entertainment

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur A. Raney
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Actual Outcome ◽  
Justice Restoration ◽  
Character Liking

This article examines the complex role that morality plays in emotional reactions to media entertainment. Morality no doubt influences and to a certain extent governs our emotional responses to media, with the stories we chose to consume, the characters we love and hate, the rationale behind those feelings, the emotions that we experience on their behalf, and the pleasure and meaning comes as a result. Specifically, as media consumers, we experience emotional reactions to characters (liking), to their plights (anticipatory emotions), and to their ultimate outcomes (enjoyment and appreciation). Each of these emotional reactions are regulated by morality: character liking by moral judgments about the behaviors and motivations of characters, anticipatory emotions by sense of expected justice restoration, and enjoyment by the moral evaluation of the actual outcome portrayed in relation to the expected outcome. These processes and relationships are discussed in light of recent work on moral intuition, moral emotions, and moral disengagement.

scholarly journals The Role of Predisposition to Hallucinations on Non-Clinical Paranoid vs. Socially Anxious Individuals after Hearing Negative Affective-Laden Sounds: An Experimental Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Lopes ◽  
José Pinto-Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Self Reports

Background:Research suggested that negative affective-laden sounds act as environmental stressors that elicit negative affect (Bradley and Lang, 2000a).Aims:We tried to test for the role of an interaction between predisposition to hallucinatory experiences and exposure to negative affective laden sounds for the presence of paranoid ideation.Method:We used an experimental design that followed the vulnerability × stress model. We defined three groups from a sample of students: paranoia group vs. social anxiety group vs. control group. Their psychological characteristics were measured through self-reports of paranoia, anxiety, predisposition to hallucinations and depressive symptoms at Time 1 (before the experiment). Participants had to listen to either negative affective laden sounds (e.g. screaming) or positive affective laden sounds (e.g. sound of ocean waves). Their paranoid ideation and positive vs. negative emotional reactions to sounds were measured through self-reports at Time 2 (after the experiment).Results:Data showed that the paranoia group presented more serious psychological vulnerabilities than the social anxiety group. A MANCOVA also showed that the independent variables (“group” and “experimental sound conditions”) had statistically significant main effects on general paranoia ideation at Time 2. Furthermore, there was a significant three-way interaction between group x predisposition to hallucinatory experiences × experimental condition of sounds for the presence of general paranoid ideation at Time 2. Limitations included the small sample size and the effects of parasite variables, e.g. noise.Conclusions:Individuals’ predisposition for hallucinatory experiences increases the probability of possessing paranoid ideation. This tendency is a characteristic of paranoid non-clinical individuals.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Anxiety in Hypertensive Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Tantri Widyarti Utami ◽  
Yunani Sri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Hypertension is a major problem in public health both in developed and developing countries. Emotional reactions due to hypertension are grieving, fear/anxiety, anger, depression and guilt. Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional by fear and tense and unwanted physical symptoms. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) teaches clients to approach fear and anxiety more fundamentally, deeper, and in different ways Objective to knowing the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety in hypertensive patients. Quasi-experimental design with a control group"with ACT interventions. The data obtained from  124 hypertensive patients who were divided into intervention and control groups. It analyzed by using Independent t-test and T-Paired tests. Research found there are differences in anxiety before and after intervention Acceptance and commitment therapy. Acceptance and commitment therapy can reduce the anxiety of hypertensive patients Keywords: acceptance and commitment therapy, anxiety, hypertension

scholarly journals Exploring the effect of Weibo opinion leaders on the dynamics of public opinion in China: A revisit of the two-step flow of communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Su
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Sleeper Effect

Using a random sample of posts on Weibo, this study content analyzes the extent to which Weibo opinion leaders’ tweets are associated with the shifts and variations of public opinion—in terms of topic salience, emotional reactions, agent of responsibility, motivation for condemnation, rhetorical techniques, conviction of blame, and emotional intensity—in the case of the Tianjin Explosion. Building upon a burgeoning research agenda examining the role of Chinese Weibo in the context of two-step flow, this study found that opinion leaders generally reinforce Weibo users’ subjective assessment (e.g., attitudes and emotional responses) of the incident. An overwhelming sleeper effect is also observed in that most posts by the opinion leaders did not contribute to peaks until 2–3 days later. All opinion leaders achieved between one and three peaks.

Interleukin-33 plasma levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Alsahebfosoul ◽  
Ilnaz Rahimmanesh ◽  
Mansour Shajarian ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar ◽  
Nahid Sedaghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Control Study

AbstractCytokines are implicated in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interleukin (IL)-33, one of the recently discovered members of the IL-1 superfamily, is a dual functional cytokine involved in various autoimmune disorders. In a case-control study, venous blood was collected from healthy subjects categorized as control group (n=44) and MS patients (n=44). All recruited patients were clinically diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), including patients without treatment (new identified cases, n=16) and those treated with interferon beta (IFN-β) (n=28). The plasma levels of IL-33 in subjects were measured with ELISA. Significantly elevated IL-33 plasma levels were observed in RRMS patients (p=0.005). Furthermore, IFN-β-treated MS patients had lower levels of IL-33 compared to the untreated patients (p<0.001). Increased IL-33 plasma levels in the patient group might be associated with development of MS. These results could contribute to our better understanding about the role of IL-33 in the immunopathogenesis of MS.

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