scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Synthesis of Bio-Based Copolymers from Waste Cooking Oil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahrzadi Noureen Shahi ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Aman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Co Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acid Esters

Solvent free copolymerization of epoxides derived from fatty acid esters of waste cooking oil with phthalic anhydride using (salen)CrIII Cl as catalyst and n-Bu4NCl/DMAP as co-catalyst was carried out for the first time under microwave irradiation, where reaction time was reduced from number of hours to minutes. The polyesters were obtained with molecular weight (Mw = 3084-6740 g/mol) and dispersity values (D = 1.18-1.92), when (salen)CrIII Cl/n-Bu4NCl was used as catalysts. While in case of DMAP as a co-catalyst, polyesters with improved molecular weight (Mw = 5537-6925 g/mol) and narrow dispersity values (D = 1.07-1.28) were obtained even at reduced concentrations of (salen)CrIII Cl and DMAP. The obtained products were characterized and evaluated by attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Techniques.

A comprehensive review on biodiesel cold flow properties and oxidation stability along with their improvement processes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (105) ◽  
pp. 86631-86655 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Monirul ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
N. W. M. Zulkifli ◽  
H. K. Rashedul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Acid Esters

Biodiesel, which comprises fatty acid esters, is derived from different sources, such as vegetable oils from palm, sunflower, soybean, canola, Jatropha, and cottonseed sources, animal fats, and waste cooking oil.

Chemical, Microstructural, and Rheological Characterizations of Binders to Evaluate Aging and Rejuvenation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2632 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Hennig Osmari ◽  
Francisco Thiago Sacramento Aragão ◽  
Leni Figueiredo Mathias Leite ◽  
Renata Antoun Simão ◽  
Laura Maria Goretti da Motta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Key Variables

This study evaluated the effects of the commercial product, AR 5, and two alternative products, waste cooking oil and castor oil, in the rejuvenation process of two asphalt binders. The analyses were carried out on microscopic and macroscopic scales on virgin, aged, and rejuvenated binders. Tests in a dynamic shear rheometer were performed to characterize rheological properties of the binders. Then, an atomic force microscope was used to identify microstructural changes in the materials. A digital image analysis technique enabled the quantification of key variables such as area fraction and spatial and size distributions of the binder constituents. Finally, the following chemical tests were performed to identify changes in the chemical composition of the binders resulting from the aging and rejuvenation processes: SARA (which measures saturates, asphaltenes, resins, and aromatics), gel permeation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results obtained from the tests were further compared to identify correlations between the properties evaluated in different scales. The results demonstrated the efficiency and potential of the rejuvenators evaluated in this study. The results also highlighted the importance of the use of advanced techniques to characterize and understand the material aging and rejuvenation processes.

Alternative Tanning Agent for Leather Industry from a Sustainable Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem Kilicarislan Ozkan ◽  
Hasan Ozgunay
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Sodium Metaperiodate ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Aldehyde Content

Dialdehyde starches with different aldehyde content from native corn starch were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation to be used as a tanning agent in leather making. For this purpose, native corn starch was oxidized with sodium metaperiodate in different molar ratios. After oxidation processes, the yields, solubility in water and aldehyde contents of the obtained dialdehyde starches were determined as well as structure characterizations by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography. Evaluating the gel permeation chromatography data, the dialdehyde starch samples which were thought to be in appropriate molecular weight/size to penetrate into skin fibers were selected to be used in the tanning process. Their tanning abilities were evaluated by investigating hydrothermal stabilities, filling and fiber isolation characteristics and physical properties determined by mechanical tests and organoleptically. From the evaluation of the results, it was revealed that sodium metaperiodate oxidized starches which have appropriate molecular weight and adequate aldehyde content has a remarkable tanning effect and can be utilized as a tanning agent with the advantages of not necessitating pickling process which means saving time and simplifying the production but more importantly offering an important advantage from an environmental point of view.

scholarly journals Scientific support for innovative development of wheat bread long-term storage production

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Natalia Zavorokhina ◽  
Natalia Pankratyeva ◽  
Nadezhda Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Acid Esters

Nowadays in the context of innovative development the bread intended for long-term storage is necessary in hard-to-reach areas of Sverdlovsk region, participants of expeditions, workers of logging, geological parties, etc. Taking into account the constant demand for such products, it is necessary to develop new approaches to their creation.The aim of the study was the development of long-term storage bread from wheat flour, preserving consumer characteristics throughout the shelf life.The synergism of betulin,nisin and ascorbic acid was studied for the first time when they are used together to inhibit potato bread disease (hereinafter CBH). It is proved that the use of additives, including 0.015% nisin together with 0.005% betulin to the mass of flour increases the shelf life of wheat bread up to 7 days since betulin inhibits CBH, nisin inhibits the development of mold under pH conditions in the range of 5.5-6.5.For the first time, a technique is proposed for producing betulin nanosuspension with a high degree of dispersion. The effect of betulin nanosuspension with emulsifiers of calcium lactylate, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, lecithin on the inhibition of CBH and an increase in the shelf life of wheat bread was studied.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Carotenoid Fatty Acid Esters of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by a Lipase from Candida rugosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 971-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Ernst Breithaupt
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Candida Rugosa ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Enzymatic Cleavage ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

Analyses of red pepper extracts which had been pretreated with lipase type VII (EC 3.1.1.3.) from Candida rugosa showed for the first time pepper carotenoid esters to be substrates of this enzyme. However, the extent of enzymatic hydrolysis depends on the respective carotenoid and was not quantitative compared to chemical saponification. After enzymatic cleavage, 67-89% of total capsanthin, 61-65% of total zeaxanthin, 70-81% of total β-cryptoxanthin and 70-86% of total violaxanthin were detected in free form. Nevertheless, the method described here offers the possibility to cleave in part several carotenoid esters originating from red pepper quickly and under comparatively mild reaction conditions. Replacement of the generally performed alkaline hydrolysis by enzymatic cleavage allows the resulting product to be used in food industry as “natural” coloring agent e.g. to colour cheese and jellies.

Low molecular weight methyl ester in diesel/waste cooking oil biodiesel blend exhausted gas

Fuel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 1170-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Quang Thang ◽  
Yasuaki Maeda ◽  
Nguyen Quang Trung ◽  
Norimichi Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

scholarly journals Low-molecular-weight, fatty-acid esters as potential low-temperature drilling fluids for ice coring

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (68) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiwen Xu ◽  
Lili Han ◽  
Pinlu Cao ◽  
Mingyi Guo ◽  
Junjie Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Acid Esters

AbstractA challenge for future deep-ice coring in central Antarctica is to identify an appropriate inert drilling fluid with no undesirable physical or chemical characteristics. The drilling fluids currently in use (kerosene-based fluids with density-increasing additives, ethanol and n-butyl acetate) are not intelligent choices for the future from safety, environmental and some technological standpoints. Recently proposed drilling fluids based upon ESTISOL™ have high viscosity at low temperatures, which severely limits their application in cold environments. This paper presents our research into the application of low-molecular-weight, fatty-acid esters (FAEs), substances commonly used in the fragrance and flavoring industries. According to available data, selected FAEs are not hazardous to human health. Considering density requirements alone, ethyl butyrate and n-propyl propionate best meet our present needs. The viscosities of these two chemicals are also the lowest among studied FAEs, not exceeding 4 mPas at temperatures down to −60°C. Both compounds are highly volatile, and insoluble in water. Such properties are attractive, but the applicability of FAEs to deep, cold, ice drilling can be evaluated only after field-based, practical experiments in test boreholes.

scholarly journals A Greener Enzymatic Oligoesterification of Biobased Renewable Synthons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Villavicencio ◽  
Ferley Orozco ◽  
Ricardo Benitez ◽  
Jaime Martin ◽  
Giovanni Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
One Step ◽  
First Time ◽  
Temperature Time

Polyesters of xylitol and succinic acid were prepared yielding from 70 to 75% by enzymecatalyzed esterification using a molar mass from 1:1 to 2:5 at 120 and 140 °C employing from 1 to 10% m/m of enzyme. Control over branching degree was achieved by tuning the reaction conditions (temperature, time, comonomer ratio, enzyme content). This one-step process from renewable starting materials avoids protection-deprotection techniques, as well as the use of toxic solvents by introducing limonene as solvent for polyesterification for the first time. All materials were structurally characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)spectroscopy, their thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the molecular weight of samples were obtained by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC).

scholarly journals First Apocarotenoids Profiling of Four Microalgae Strains

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariosimone Zoccali ◽  
Daniele Giuffrida ◽  
Fabio Salafia ◽  
Carmen Socaciu ◽  
Kari Skjånes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chlamydomonas Sp ◽  
Acid Esters

Both enzymatic or oxidative carotenoids cleavages can often occur in nature and produce a wide range of bioactive apocarotenoids. Considering that no detailed information is available in the literature regarding the occurrence of apocarotenoids in microalgae species, the aim of this study was to study the extraction and characterization of apocarotenoids in four different microalgae strains: Chlamydomonas sp. CCMP 2294, Tetraselmis chuii SAG 8-6, Nannochloropsis gaditana CCMP 526, and Chlorella sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176. This was done for the first time using an online method coupling supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 29 different apocarotenoids, including various apocarotenoid fatty acid esters, were detected: apo-12’-zeaxanthinal, β-apo-12’-carotenal, apo-12-luteinal, and apo-12’-violaxanthal. These were detected in all the investigated strains together with the two apocarotenoid esters, apo-10’-zeaxanthinal-C4:0 and apo-8’-zeaxanthinal-C8:0. The overall extraction and detection time for the apocarotenoids was less than 10 min, including apocarotenoids esters, with an overall analysis time of less than 20 min. Moreover, preliminary quantitative data showed that the β-apo-8’-carotenal content was around 0.8% and 2.4% of the parent carotenoid, in the C. sorokiniana and T. chuii strains, respectively. This methodology could be applied as a selective and efficient method for the apocarotenoids detection.

Binary molybdenum-based catalyst for coordination polymerization of styrene

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieting Geng ◽  
Youguo Shao ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Jing Hua
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Bulk Polymerization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Coordination Polymerization ◽  
Co Catalyst

Coordination polymerization of styrene (St) using molybdenum pentachloride supported by phosphite ligand in the presence of metal organic compound was studied for the first time. The types of phosphite and co-catalysts significantly affected the catalytic activity of the molybdenum (V) (Mo(V)) active center and the number-average molecular weight ( Mn) of the resultant polymer. Among the examined catalysts, tri(nonylphenyl)phosphite (TNPP) ligand and AlOPhCH3( i-Bu)2 as co-catalyst provided the polymer with highest yield (up to 87.1%), metallocene as co-catalyst provided the polymer with highest Mn (up to 5.32 × 105). The effect of [P]/[Mo] molar ratio on catalyst activity of the polymerization was discussed and the structures of Mo·TNPP complexes were preliminarily studied by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet spectroscopies. Besides, the polystyrene (PS) samples synthesized through bulk polymerization and solution polymerization were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, IR, carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively, and the results indicated both of the PS had high molecular weight (approximately 105) and atactic structure. All these results demonstrated that Mo(V) catalyst system was very effective for St polymerization.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document