Graphene Oxide as Foam Stabilizing Agent for CO2 EOR

Graphene oxide (GO), nanographene oxide (nGO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been studied as possible foam stabilizing agents for CO2 based enhanced oil recovery (EOR). GO was able to stabilize CO2/synthetic sea water foams. rGO was not able to stabilize foams likely due to the high reduction degree of the material. Particle size had a strong influence on foamability and stability. GO hydrophilicity increased as the particle size decreased and no foams were created when particle size was below 1 µm (nGO). GO brine dispersions showed immediate gel formation, which improved foam stability. Particle growth due to layer stacking was also observed. This mechanism was detrimental for foam formation and stabilization. nGO dispersed in synthetic sea water rapidly formed hydrogels and was not filterable. This work indicates that the particles studied are not suitable for CO2 EOR purposes.

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An Evaluation of Graphene Oxides as Possible Foam Stabilizing Agents for CO2 Based Enhanced Oil Recovery

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano8080603 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 603 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Albert Barrabino ◽

Torleif Holt ◽

Erik Lindeberg

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Sea Water ◽

Particle Growth ◽

Gel Formation ◽

Stabilizing Agents ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide, nanographene oxide and partially reduced graphene oxide have been studied as possible foam stabilizing agents for CO2 based enhanced oil recovery. Graphene oxide was able to stabilize CO2/synthetic sea water foams, while nanographene oxide and partially reduced graphene oxide were not able to stabilize foams. The inability of nanographene oxide for stabilizing foams was explained by the increase of hydrophilicity due to size decrease, while for partially reduced graphene oxide, the high degree of reduction of the material was considered to be the reason. Graphene oxide brine dispersions showed immediate gel formation, which improved foam stability. Particle growth due to layer stacking was also observed. This mechanism was detrimental for foam stabilization. Gel formation and particle growth caused these particles to block pores and not being filterable. The work indicates that the particles studied are not suitable for CO2 enhanced oil recovery purposes.

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EFFECT OF BALL MILLING OF FLY ASH PARTICLE SIZE ON FOAM STABILIZATION FOR EOR APPLICATIONS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (6-7) ◽

Author(s):

Ishaq Ahmad ◽

Mariyamni Awang ◽

Suriati Sufian ◽

M Irfan Khan ◽

Mudassar Mumtaz

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Ball Mill ◽

Mechanical Treatment ◽

Foam Stability ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Foam Stabilization ◽

Foam Forming

In enhanced oil recovery (EOR), nanoparticles have gained the potential to improve foam stability. In this study, the potential of fly ash to produce stable foam by using shaker was studied. Fly ash nanoparticles were developed by the mechanical treatment using ball mill. Sample to ball ratio of 1 to 10 was applied to investigate the effect of ball milling on particle size distribution of fly ash. The mechanically activated fly ash was mixed at various concentrations (ppm) with the anionic foaming surfactants AOS14-16. Foam stability tests were performed at ambient conditions by making solution through shaker. Stable foams were generated using varies types of fly ash particles. It was observed that the small sized fly ash has more potential towards foam forming ability and foam stability. Therefore, the mechanically activated fly ash resulted in a considerably increased EOR.

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High-temperature high-pressure microfluidic system for rapid screening of supercritical CO2 foaming agents

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82839-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayrat Gizzatov ◽

Scott Pierobon ◽

Zuhair AlYousef ◽

Guoqing Jian ◽

Xingyu Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Recovery ◽

Foam Stability ◽

Pore Network ◽

Reservoir Rock ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Alpha Olefin Sulfonate ◽

Foam Formation ◽

Foaming Agents ◽

Static Conditions

AbstractCO2 foam helps to increase the viscosity of CO2 flood fluid and thus improve the process efficiency of the anthropogenic greenhouse gas’s subsurface utilization and sequestration. Successful CO2 foam formation mandates the development of high-performance chemicals at close to reservoir conditions, which in turn requires extensive laboratory tests and evaluations. This work demonstrates the utilization of a microfluidic reservoir analogue for rapid evaluation and screening of commercial surfactants (i.e., Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Lauramidopropyl Betaine, Tallow Amine Ethoxylate, N,N,N′ Trimethyl-N′-Tallow-1,3-diaminopropane, and Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate) based on their performance to produce supercritical CO2 foam at high salinity, temperature, and pressure conditions. The microfluidic analogue was designed to represent the pore sizes of the geologic reservoir rock and to operate at 100 °C and 13.8 MPa. Values of the pressure drop across the microfluidic analogue during flow of the CO2 foam through its pore network was used to evaluate the strength of the generated foam and utilized only milliliters of liquid. The transparent microfluidic pore network allows in-situ quantitative visualization of CO2 foam to calculate its half-life under static conditions while observing if there is any damage to the pore network due to precipitation and blockage. The microfluidic mobility reduction results agree with those of foam loop rheometer measurements, however, the microfluidic approach provided more accurate foam stability data to differentiate the foaming agent as compared with conventional balk testing. The results obtained here supports the utility of microfluidic systems for rapid screening of chemicals for carbon sequestration or enhanced oil recovery operations.

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Leaching Behaviour of Construction and Demolition Wastes and Recycled Aggregates: Statistical Analysis Applied to the Release of Contaminants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6265

Author(s):

Alessandra Diotti ◽

Giovanni Plizzari ◽

Sabrina Sorlini

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Primary Source ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Material Particle ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽

Leaching Behaviour

Construction and demolition wastes represent a primary source of new alternative materials which, if properly recovered, can be used to replace virgin raw materials partially or totally. The distrust of end-users in the use of recycled aggregates is mainly due to the environmental performance of these materials. In particular, the release of pollutants into the surrounding environment appears to be the aspect of greatest concern. This is because these materials are characterized by a strong heterogeneity which can sometimes lead to contaminant releases above the legal limits for recovery. In this context, an analysis of the leaching behaviour of both CDWs and RAs was conducted by applying a statistical analysis methodology. Subsequently, to evaluate the influence of the particle size and the volumetric reduction of the material on the release of contaminants, several experimental leaching tests were carried out according to the UNI EN 12457-2 and UNI EN 12457-4 standards. The results obtained show that chromium, mercury, and COD are the most critical parameters for both CDWs and RAs. Moreover, the material particle size generally affects the release of contaminants (i.e., finer particles showed higher releases), while the crushing process does not always involve higher releases than the sieving process.

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Design and characterization of oil-in-water nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery stabilized by amphiphilic copolymer, nonionic surfactant, and LAPONITE® RD

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra06080a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1952-1959

Author(s):

Yi Zhao ◽

Fangfang Peng ◽

Yangchuan Ke

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Nonionic Surfactant ◽

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Small Particle ◽

Amphiphilic Copolymer ◽

Good Stability ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

Oil In Water

Emulsion with small particle size and good stability stabilized by emulsifiers was successfully prepared for EOR application.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) of Graphene Materials: Effect of Particle Size of Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Graphite on Thermal Parameters

C – Journal of Carbon Research ◽

10.3390/c7020041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Farzaneh Farivar ◽

Pei Lay Yap ◽

Ramesh Udayashankar Karunagaran ◽

Dusan Losic

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Quality Control ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thermal Parameters ◽

Carbon Decomposition ◽

Size Number ◽

Carbon Combustion ◽

Oxygen Groups

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been recognized as a simple and reliable analytical tool for characterization of industrially manufactured graphene powders. Thermal properties of graphene are dependent on many parameters such as particle size, number of layers, defects and presence of oxygen groups to improve the reliability of this method for quality control of graphene materials, therefore it is important to explore the influence of these parameters. This paper presents a comprehensive TGA study to determine the influence of different particle size of the three key materials including graphene, graphene oxide and graphite on their thermal parameters such as carbon decomposition range and its temperature of maximum mass change rate (Tmax). Results showed that Tmax values derived from the TGA-DTG carbon combustion peaks of these materials increasing from GO (558–616 °C), to graphene (659–713 °C) and followed by graphite (841–949 °C) The Tmax values derived from their respective DTG carbon combustion peaks increased as their particle size increased (28.6–120.2 µm for GO, 7.6–73.4 for graphene and 24.2–148.8 µm for graphite). The linear relationship between the Tmax values and the particle size of graphene and their key impurities (graphite and GO) confirmed in this study endows the use of TGA technique with more confidence to evaluate bulk graphene-related materials (GRMs) at low-cost, rapid, reliable and simple diagnostic tool for improved quality control of industrially manufactured GRMs including detection of “fake” graphene.

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