scholarly journals The Role of the Cell Volume-Area Ratio in Thermodynamic Analysis of the Cancer Growth Control for In Vitro Experiments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Lucia ◽  
Giulia Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cell Changes

From a thermodynamic point of view, living cell life is no more than a cyclic process. It starts with the newly separated daughter cells and restarts when the next generations grow as free entities. In this cycle the cell changes its entropy. In cancer the growth control is damaged. In this paper we analyze the role of the volume-area ratio in cell in relation to the heat exchange between cell and its environment in order to point out the effect on the cancer growth. The result holds to a possible control of the cancer growth based on the heat exchanged by the cancer towards its environment, and the membrane potential variation, with the consequence of controlling the ions fluxes and the related biochemical reactions. This second law approach could represent a starting point for a possible future support for the anticancer therapies, in order to improve their effectiveness for the untreatable cancers.

scholarly journals The Role of the Cell Volume-Area Ratio in Thermodynamic Analysis of the Cancer Growth Control for In Vitro Experiments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Lucia ◽  
Giulia Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cell Changes

From a thermodynamic point of view, living cell life is no more than a cyclic process. It starts with the newly separated daughter cells and restarts when the next generations grow as free entities. In this cycle the cell changes its entropy. In cancer the growth control is damaged. In this paper we analyze the role of the volume-area ratio in cell in relation to the heat exchange between cell and its environment in order to point out the effect on the cancer growth. The result holds to a possible control of the cancer growth based on the heat exchanged by the cancer towards its environment, and the membrane potential variation, with the consequence of controlling the ions fluxes and the related biochemical reactions. This second law approach could represent a starting point for a possible future support for the anticancer therapies, in order to improve their effectiveness for the untreatable cancers.

scholarly journals Thermal Resonance and Cell Behavior

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Lucia ◽  
Giulia Grisolia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cell Changes

From a thermodynamic point of view, living cell life is no more than a cyclic process. It starts with the newly separated daughter cells and restarts when the next generations grow as free entities. During this cycle, the cell changes its entropy. In cancer, the growth control is damaged. In this paper, we analyze the role of the volume–area ratio in the cell in relation to the heat exchange between cell and its environment in order to point out its effect on cancer growth. The result holds to a possible control of the cancer growth based on the heat exchanged by the cancer toward its environment and the membrane potential variation, with the consequence of controlling the ions fluxes and the related biochemical reactions. This second law approach could represent a starting point for a possible future support for the anticancer therapies, in order to improve their effectiveness for the untreatable cancers.

Enzyme Promiscuous Activity: How to Define it and its Evolutionary Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Valentina De Luca ◽  
Luigi Mandrich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Enzyme Promiscuity ◽  
Primary Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Main Activity

: Enzymes are among the most studied biological molecules because better understanding enzymes structure and activity will shed more light on their biological processes and regulation; from a biotechnological point of view there are many examples of enzymes used with the aim to obtain new products and/or to make industrial processes less invasive towards the environment. Enzymes are known for their high specificity in the recognition of a substrate but considering the particular features of an increasing number of enzymes this is not completely true, in fact, many enzymes are active on different substrates: this ability is called enzyme promiscuity. Usually, promiscuous activities have significantly lower kinetic parameters than to that of primary activity, but they have a crucial role in gene evolution. It is accepted that gene duplication followed by sequence divergence is considered a key evolutionary mechanism to generate new enzyme functions. In this way, promiscuous activities are the starting point to increase a secondary activity in the main activity and then get a new enzyme. The primary activity can be lost or reduced to a promiscuous activity. In this review we describe the differences between substrate and enzyme promiscuity, and its rule in gene evolution. From a practical point of view the knowledge of promiscuity can facilitate the in vitro progress of proteins engineering, both for biomedical and industrial applications. In particular, we report cases regarding esterases, phosphotriesterases and cytochrome P450.

THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNIST BLOC IN THE ILO DURING THE COLD WAR – SELECTED ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (XX) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Łucja Kobroń-Gąsiorowska
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Key Questions

In this article, from a multidisciplinary point of view, key questions were raised that defined how the bloc of communist countries had an impact on the International Labor Organization. The author believes that the role of communist countries in the ILO depended not only on the international political, economic and social context of the time, but also on the field of globalized labor history and relations of international organizations. The starting point of this article is the central hypothesis that the concept of protecting employees and the rights of employers has always been presented from the point of view of the „bloc” of capitalist states, without reference to the role of communist states.

scholarly journals The Role of Organizational Emotions in Strategic Leadership: A literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudirman Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strategic Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Strategic Leaders

Emotions are human things. When people consider emotions from a strategic leadership point of view, additional individual framing factors become unavoidable and play a role in an organization's management process. This research aimed to evaluate the existing literature on emotion and strategic leadership comprehensively. The study was a survey of the literature on emotion and strategic leadership. Because of the search and exclusion criteria applied, only 24 articles were relevant. The texts were studied using the grounded theory method to build a new theoretical model and identify essential characteristics of organizational emotion shifting. The model tried to demonstrate how the interaction of human and organizational elements and the task and problems faced by strategic leaders result in internal and external emotional shifts. This literature survey and theoretical integration provided a starting point for further research. The results show that the conceptualization of emotions in strategic leadership encompasses all five levels: positive emotions, negative emotions, emotional empowerment (internal emotion shaping), the establishment of external resources, and the use of power (external emotions shaping). The research revealed that emotion in organizational shaping was a key variable. This variable identified the numerous ways strategic leaders use emotion to shape organizations. It indicates that the concept can bring the person (strategic leader) and organizational levels together. In light of the limited literature, mainly focusing on strategic and emotional leadership, the model should be tested as a foundation for future research.

scholarly journals Targeting Mitochondrial Ion Channels to Fight Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bachmann ◽  
Roberto Costa ◽  
Roberta Peruzzo ◽  
Elena Prosdocimi ◽  
Vanessa Checchetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Near Future

In recent years, several experimental evidences have underlined a new role of ion channels in cancer development and progression. In particular, mitochondrial ion channels are arising as new oncological targets, since it has been proved that most of them show an altered expression during tumor development and the pharmacological targeting of some of them have been demonstrated to be able to modulate cancer growth and progression, both in vitro as well as in vivo in pre-clinical mouse models. In this scenario, pharmacology of mitochondrial ion channels would be in the near future a new frontier for the treatment of tumors. In this review, we discuss the new advances in the field, by focusing our attention on the improvements in new drug developments to target mitochondrial ion channels.

‘Uurga shig’ – What is it like to be a lasso? Drawing figure–ground reversals between art and anthropology

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-428
Author(s):  
Hermione Spriggs
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Drawing Tool ◽  
Participatory Art ◽  
Object A ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Interdisciplinary Exchange

How might a singular object, a herdsman’s lasso known as the ‘ uurga’, facilitate a fresh understanding of cosmology and human–animal relationships in nomadic Mongolia? ‘ Uurga shig’ re-evaluates the performance of an object as an agentive social participant and the role of drawing as an anthropologically relevant method, outlining the need for interdisciplinary exchange between the fields of participatory art and anthropology. With a starting point of Alfred Gell’s thesis of ‘Traps as artworks and artworks as traps’ (1996), the lasso presents an alternative point of view to the western ‘zoological framing’ criticized by Massumi (‘What animals teach us about politics’, 2014). Instead the uurga functions as a non-Euclidean drawing tool, a frame through which to better understand the fluid relationships underpinning human–animal codependency on the Mongolian steppe. From the line on a page to the ‘drawing through’ of a thread in a needle and the ‘drawing in’ of a wild horse in nomadic Mongolia, the author explores the application of drawing as an intimate method for analyzing moving relationships. With a focus on the drawn line as a connecting device that lends itself to figure–ground reversal, she extends the application of drawing as a prosthetic technology, one that might be used to catalyze a perspectival shift into the worlds of other animals.

scholarly journals A Proposal for new Quality attributes for Schedule R of the Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Bayya Subba Rao
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Problem Solving Skills

Original sin is not life but it is a part of life.  It establishes psychological, mental and physical health.  Statistics reveal several deaths of pregnant mothers, ectopic pregnancy, child deaths or original sin related diseases, apart from lethal consequences which is out of the scope of this article. Use of contraceptive methods may be beneficial in several circumstances avoiding unwanted pregnancies. A few television channels were scrolling the various contraceptive methods and educating the citizens for a good health perspective.  The objective of this review is not only to enlighten the various contraceptive methods but also in knowing their failure level methods and some unique evaluation methods that can be included in Schedule R of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 so as to append the quality attributes with in-vitro and in-vivo original sin correlated models.  The review illustrates role of researchers/pharmacist/medical professionals in problem solving skills and is also expected to answer the general questions experienced and witnessed by the author relating to original sin including gender sensitization.  In India, several national level bodies also insist for academic accreditations the contributions relating to gender sensitization and the article meets criteria as well.  If the author as a common man sends a sample for current products for assessing abstract attributes, does Central Drugs Laboratory can?, a thought in this direction is needed which in turn indicates role of questionnaires/instruments in the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945.  Does a need of a statutory warning for original sin products is necessary, a question is raised and a review by persons skilled in art is proposed.  The article illustrates either side to the context.  The article also helps to overcome barriers from society, professional point of view relating to original sin related research either at the pre-clinical or at the clinical levels.

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