scholarly journals Organ-on-Chip In Development:Towards a roadmap for Organs-on-Chip

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mastrangeli ◽  
S. Millet ◽  
the ORCHID partners ◽  
J. van den Eijnden-van Raaij
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Development Application

Organ-on-Chip is a game-changing technology born from the convergence of tissue engineering and microfluidic technology. Organ-on-Chip devices (OoCs) are expected to offer effective solutions to persisting problems in drug development and personalized disease treatments. This opinion paper surveys the current landscape in research, development, application and market opportunities for OoCs to help establishing a global and multi-stakeholder OoC ecosystem. Based on a bibliometric study, a market analysis, expert interviews, and panel discussions held at the ORCHID Vision Workshop (Stuttgart, 23 May 2018), we outline presently unmet needs, key challenges, barriers and perspectives of the field, and finally propose recommendations towards the definition of a comprehensive roadmap that could render OoCs realistic models of human (patho)physiology in the near future.

scholarly journals Advanced Driver Assistant Systems Focused on Pedestrians’ Safety: A User Experience Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4264
Author(s):  
Matúš Šucha ◽  
Ralf Risser ◽  
Kristýna Honzíčková
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Assistant Systems ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Assistance Systems ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Near Future

Globally, pedestrians represent 23% of all road deaths. Many solutions to protect pedestrians are proposed; in this paper, we focus on technical solutions of the ADAS–Advanced Driver Assistance Systems–type. Concerning the interaction between drivers and pedestrians, we want to have a closer look at two aspects: how to protect pedestrians with the help of vehicle technology, and how pedestrians–but also car drivers–perceive and accept such technology. The aim of the present study was to analyze and describe the experiences, needs, and preferences of pedestrians–and drivers–in connection with ADAS, or in other words, how ADAS should work in such a way that it would protect pedestrians and make walking more relaxed. Moreover, we interviewed experts in the field in order to check if, in the near future, the needs and preferences of pedestrians and drivers can be met by new generations of ADAS. A combination of different methods, specifically, an original questionnaire, on-the-spot interviewing, and expert interviews, was used to collect data. The qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative text analysis (clustering and categorization). The questionnaire for drivers was answered by a total of 70 respondents, while a total of 60 pedestrians agreed to complete questionnaires concerning pedestrian safety. Expert interviews (five interviews) were conducted by means of personal interviews, approximately one hour in duration. We conclude that systems to protect pedestrians–to avoid collisions of cars with pedestrians–are considered useful by all groups, though with somewhat different implications. With respect to the features of such systems, the considerations are very heterogeneous, and experimentation is needed in order to develop optimal systems, but a decisive argument put forward by some of the experts is that autonomous vehicles will have to be programmed extremely defensively. Given this argument, we conclude that we will need more discussion concerning typical interaction situations in order to find solutions that allow traffic to work both smoothly and safely.

scholarly journals RR Lyrae stars: prime calibrators of the first rung of the distance ladder

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S289) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cacciari
Keyword(s):  
Local Group ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Rr Lyrae Stars ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Lyrae Stars ◽  
Distance Indicators

AbstractRR Lyrae variables are the primary standard candles for old stellar populations, and the traditional first step in the definition of the distance scale. Their properties are known on the basis of well-established physical concepts and their calibration is based on several empirical methods. Both aspects are critically reviewed, and their application as distance indicators within the Galaxy and the Local Group are discussed, also in view of the observing facilities that will be available in the near future.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Gracia Liu-Farrer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Permanent Residency ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Japan as an immigrant country. Japan has become an immigrant country de facto. Starting in the 1980s, to stave off economic decline caused by labor shortage and in the name of internationalization, Japan has tried different programs to bring in foreign workers. In 2012, Japan became one of the most liberal states in its policies for granting permanent residency to highly skilled migrants. As a result, the population of foreigners has been rising for the past three decades and is likely to increase significantly in the near future. Why, then, do both the Japanese government and people inside and outside Japan hesitate to accept the discourse of immigration and the reality of its transformation into an immigrant society? This hesitation has to do with Japan's ethno-nationalist self-identity and the widespread myth surrounding its monoethnic nationhood, on the one hand, and the conventional, albeit anachronistic, definition of “immigrant country” and the difficulty for people to associate an immigrant country with an ethno-nationalist one, on the other hand.

Social Computing

2018 ◽  
pp. 7796-7804
Author(s):  
Nolan Hemmatazad
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

Broadly speaking, social computing encapsulates the idea of making technologies more aware of, and more in alignment with, the social needs of their users. This allows for the introduction of new modes of communication and collaboration among users, the ability to establish and grow communities of various constitutions, as well as for more dynamic and large scale content creation, dissemination, and evaluation. This chapter serves the ternary purpose of establishing a broad definition of social computing as it stands today and as it is expected to evolve in the near future, providing an overview of the practical applications of social computing, and examining the present and historic research themes that have made an impression on social computing as an area of academic intrigue. The chapter is intended to be accessible to casual readers, practitioners, and academicians alike, with little technical depth and broad focus throughout, for the purpose of establishing an initial acquaintance with the field.

Social Computing

2019 ◽  
pp. 1200-1210
Author(s):  
Nolan Hemmatazad
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Computing ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future

Broadly speaking, social computing encapsulates the idea of making technologies more aware of, and more in alignment with, the social needs of their users. This allows for the introduction of new modes of communication and collaboration among users, the ability to establish and grow communities of various constitutions, as well as for more dynamic and large-scale content creation, dissemination, and evaluation. This chapter serves the ternary purpose of establishing a broad definition of social computing as it stands today and as it is expected to evolve in the near future, providing an overview of the practical applications of social computing, and examining the present and historic research themes that have made an impression on social computing as an area of academic intrigue. The chapter is intended to be accessible to casual readers, practitioners, and academicians alike, with little technical depth and broad focus throughout, for the purpose of establishing an initial acquaintance with the field.

scholarly journals Feasibility of mini combined cycles for naval applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Barsi ◽  
Carlo Costa ◽  
Francesca Satta ◽  
Pietro Zunino ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

The objective of energy production with low environmental impact will have, in the near future, high potential of development also for naval applications. The containment of pollutant emissions can be achieved by the combined use of an innovative mini gas-steam combined cycle with thermal energy cogeneration to feed the ship thermal utilities, in place of the current Diesel engine application, and liquefied natural gas as fuel (LNG). The present work is focused on the definition of the architecture of the plant, by selecting optimal distribution of pressure and temperature and repartition of power between Gas Turbine (GT), Steam Turbine (ST) and thermal utilities, as well as on the choice and sizing of the individual components. The main purpose is the definition of a compact, high efficiency, system. The proposed basic mini-cycle ranges from 2 MW to 10 MW electric power. Thanks to the combined heat and power cogeneration plant adopted, for an overall electrical efficiency of about 30%, a total return (thermal + electricity) of about 75% can be achieved. An example of plant providing large power, in a partially modular arrangement is also proposed.

scholarly journals New Mathblocks-Based Feistel-Like Ciphers for Creating Clone-Resistant FPGA Devices

Cryptography ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Mulhem ◽  
Wael Adi
Keyword(s):  
Hard Core ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Mapping Functions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gate Arrays ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Programmable Gate Arrays ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Near Future

The Secret Unknown Cipher (SUC) concept was introduced a decade ago as a promising technique for creating pure digital clone-resistant electronic units as alternatives to the traditional non-consistent Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). In this work, a very special unconventional cipher design is presented. The design uses hard-core FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) -Mathblocks available in modern system-on-chip (SoC) FPGAs. Such Mathblocks are often not completely used in many FPGA applications; therefore, it seems wise to make use of such dead (unused) modules to fabricate usable physical security functions for free. Standard cipher designs usually avoid deploying multipliers in the cipher mapping functions due to their high complexity. The main target of this work is to design large cipher classes (e.g., cipher class size >2600) by mainly deploying the FPGA specific mathematical cores. The proposed cipher designs are novel hardware-oriented and new in the public literature, using fully new unusual mapping functions. If a random unknown selection of one cipher out of 2600 ciphers is self-configured in a device, then a Secret Unknown Cipher module is created within a device, making it physically hard to clone. We consider the cipher module for free (for zero cost) if the major elements in the cipher module are making use of unused reanimated Mathblocks. Such ciphers are usable in many future mass products for protecting vehicular units against cloning and modeling attacks. The required self-reconfigurable devices for that concept are not available now; however, they are expected to emerge in the near future.

Problem Solving Methodology in Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 510-515
Author(s):  
Nagappan Annamalai ◽  
Shahrul Kamaruddin ◽  
Ishak Abdul Azid ◽  
Ts Yeoh
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Industry And Education ◽  
Definition Of

This study presents the results of a literature review that was performed to identify and evaluate knowledge management such as problem solving (PS) methods are suitable for identification and analysis of risks on existing issues. The studied methods were compiled into 2 groups which is manufacturing, and research development. The key discussion would be where the PS tool is more relevant and how it help to solve the problem effectively. The aspects studied in the methods are presented together with a short description of its applications, area of the analysis and relevance to industry and education. Also some characteristics of the methods are given, as well as reference to previous key publications on the methods. The contribution of study is exploration on a new definition of PS methodology which is simplified and structured.

Therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. G709-G715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Us ◽  
Exciting Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Near Future

Detailed analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate liver fibrosis has provided a framework for therapeutic approaches to prevent, slow down, or even reverse fibrosis and cirrhosis. A pivotal event in the development of liver fibrosis is the activation of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to scar-forming myofibroblast-like cells. Consequently, HSCs and the factors that regulate HSC activation, proliferation, and function represent important antifibrotic targets. Drugs currently licensed in the US and Europe for other indications target HSC-related components of the fibrotic cascade. Their deployment in the near future looks likely. Ultimately, treatment strategies for liver fibrosis may vary on an individual basis according to etiology, risk of fibrosis progression, and the prevailing pathogenic milieu, meaning that a multiagent approach could be required. The field continues to develop rapidly and starts to identify exciting potential targets in proof-of-concept preclinical studies. Despite this, no antifibrotics are currently licensed for use in humans. With epidemiological predictions for the future prevalence of viral, obesity-related, and alcohol-related cirrhosis painting an increasingly gloomy picture, and a shortfall in donors for liver transplantation, the clinical urgency for new therapies is high. There is growing interest from stakeholders keen to exploit the market potential for antifibrotics. However, the design of future trials for agents in the developmental pipeline will depend on strategies that enable equal patient stratification, techniques to reliably monitor changes in fibrosis over time, and the definition of clinically meaningful end points.

Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of Business Intelligence Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Eder ◽  
Stefan Koch
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Business Intelligence Systems ◽  
Definition Of

This article focuses on critical success factors during the implementation of a business intelligence system. The existing literature was reviewed, and critical success factors were extracted. Subsequently, the critical success factors that occur in practice were collected through qualitative expert interviews that are analysed through a qualitative content analysis. The critical success factors found in literature are afterwards compared with those that have been collected during the expert interviews. It was found that many of the critical success factors were mentioned in the literature and in the expert interviews as well, such as a strong management support, a light-weight approach, user acceptance, the project team and data quality. In addition, the performance of the business intelligence system, the definition of standards, terminology and key performance indicators as well as an institutionalization and integration of business intelligence were mentioned in the expert interviews.

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