scholarly journals Compounding Health Risks and Increased Vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 for Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise M. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Us

Recent clinical SARS-CoV-2 studies link diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension to increased disease severity. In the US, racial and ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals are more likely to have increased rates of these comorbidities, lower baseline health, limited access to care, increased perceived discrimination, and limited resources, all of which increase their vulnerability to severe disease and poor health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies demonstrated the disproportionate impact of pandemic and seasonal influenza on these populations, due to these risk factors. This paper reviews increased health risks and documented health disparities of racial and ethnic minorities and low SES individuals in the US. Pandemic response must prioritize these marginalized communities to minimize the negative, disproportionate impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on them and manage spread throughout the entire population. This paper concludes with recommendations applicable to healthcare facilities and public officials at various government levels.

Predictors of Unmet Dental Health Needs in US Adults in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 238008442110356
Author(s):  
D.J. Gaskin ◽  
H. Zare ◽  
R. McCleary ◽  
O. Kanwar ◽  
A.L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dental Needs

Objective: To identify predictors of unmet dental needs for adults 18 y of age or older in the United States. Method: Using the Aday and Andersen framework and data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we ran logistic regression to estimate predictors for adults of not having a dental visit within 5 y and having lost any teeth using a national sample of 155,060 survey respondents. Results: Results showed that predisposing factors (age, race/ethnicity, gender, and educational attainment) and enabling factors (income and health insurance status) are important predictors for losing teeth due to decay or gum disease. Men, the elderly, and less educated and low-income residents were less likely to have seen a dentist within the past 5 y and more likely to have lost their permanent teeth. Compared to non-Hispanic White adults, Hispanics adults were more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Unmet dental needs varied across states. People living in states with extensive Medicaid dental care benefit coverage were less likely to lose their teeth and more likely to have had a dental visit within the past 5 y. Conclusion: Efforts to improve oral health should address unmet dental needs of men and adults with low socioeconomic status. Studying the variation between state oral health care programs could further our understanding of how public policy can improve population oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Men, non-Hispanic Blacks, mixed and other race minorities, and low socioeconomic status adults are most at risk of unmet dental needs. States can address these needs by expanding Medicaid coverage for adults.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in follicular lymphoma survival.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18173-e18173
Author(s):  
Richard Stephen Sheppard ◽  
Adewumi Adekunle ◽  
Stefani Beale ◽  
Meena Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Asian Pacific Islander ◽  
Asian Pacific

e18173 Background: Follicular Lymphoma (FL) is a the second most common Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) diagnosed in the United States with 2.6 per 100,000 men and women per year from 2011 to 2015 when age adjusted as per the National Cancer Institute with the number of deaths of 0.5 per 100,000 men and women per year. It known that FL is one of the most clinically indolent NHL and due to this, survival rates are generally more favorable when compared to other B Cell Lymphomas. With this study, we aim to analyse socioeconomic and racial disparities in the survival rates for FL. Methods: The authors identified patients diagnosed with FL between 1973 and 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Overall survival was estimated and compared between racial/ethnic groups using the log-rank test. Our outcome variables were 1-year, 5-year and mortality. Our independent variables were race and socioeconomic status. We controlled for age, demographic characteristics, time of diagnosis, pathological classification, treatment and socioeconomic status. Results: A total of 66 127 patients were identified; 90% of the patients were White, 4% Black, and 4% Asian. We noted significant differences in disease presentation, socioeconomic status, and outcomes. Asian/Pacific Islander had the lowest survival with a mean of 228 survival months, Blacks had a mean survival months of 237, and Whites had a mean survival months of 234. Conclusions: Disparities exist in the care and outcomes of FL. A low socioeconomic status is correlated with decreased survival.

LATINA/O WHITENING?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Boundary Maintenance ◽  
Eastern European Immigrant

AbstractSome scholars argue that Latina/os in the United States may soon become White, much like the supposed Whitening of Eastern European immigrant groups in the early twentieth century. High rates of White racial identification on surveys among Latina/os is one explanation provided for this assertion. However, personal identification is but one element of racial boundary maintenance. It is when personal identification is externally validated that it is most closely associated with group-based experiences. This article maps components of the White-Latino racial boundary that may be permeable to White expansion by examining conditions under which Latina/os self-identify as Whiteandreport that they are externally classified as White by other Americans. Employing novel data from the 2006 Portraits of American Life Study, this article shows that nearly 40% of Latina/os sometimes self-identify as White, yet a much smaller proportion—only 6%—report being externally classified as White by others. Moreover, logistic regression analyses suggest that for those with light phenotypical features and high levels of socioeconomic status, the odds of reported external Whitening are increased. Interestingly, phenotypically light Latina/os with low-socioeconomic-status levels have low probabilities of reporting external classification as White when compared to their phenotypically light and high-socioeconomic-status counterparts, suggesting that the combination of both skin color and class may be central to the White-Latino racial boundary. Results also indicate that many who report external Whitening do not prefer to self-identify as White. In sum, multidimensional measures of racial classification indicate that only a very small minority of Latina/os may be “becoming White” in ways that some previous researchers have predicted.

Impact of US population demographic changes on projected incident cancer cases from 2019 to 2045 in three major cancer types.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19044-e19044
Author(s):  
Jimmy Nguyen ◽  
Pavel Napalkov ◽  
Nicole Richie ◽  
Stella Arndorfer ◽  
Marko Zivkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Us Census ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Population Demographic

e19044 Background: The United States (US) Census Bureau has forecasted an unprecedented shift in the US demographics by 2045, in which there will be no single majority race/ethnicity. Due to well-characterized health disparities among different races/ethnicities in oncology and projected demographic changes, it is of interest to assess changes in the burden of three most frequent cancers: breast cancer (BC) for women, prostate cancer (PC) for men, and colorectal cancer (CRC) for both genders between 2019 and 2045. Methods: Historical age-adjusted rates (AARs) for BC in women, PC in men, and CRC in patients of all ages and stratified by race/ethnicity were collected from the SEER 18 database for 2000-15 period. AARs for cancers of interest were analyzed in Joinpoint Regression Program to obtain an average annual percent change (AAPC) for 2000-15. AARs were then projected to 2045 by assuming the rate behavior is equal to the AAPC. Projected absolute cases per 100,000 were generated by multiplying projected AARs with the associated projected population, retrieved from the US Census Bureau 2017 National Population Projects, and dividing by 100,000. The absolute change in projected patient numbers of cancer cases by race/ethnicity were assessed between 2019 and 2045. Results: From 2019 to 2045, a decrease of 4% is expected in the White Non-Hispanic (WNH) population while the Black (B), Hispanic (H), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) populations are projected to increase 24%, 54%, and 57%, respectively. In the same time period, the projected number of BC incident cases for women of all ages decreased by 1% in WNH while the B, WH, and API populations were projected to increase 72%, 98%, and 120%, respectively. In both genders of all ages, a 39% and 17% reduction in the number of CRC incident cases in the WNH and B is expected compared to a 61% and 11% increase in the WH and API populations, respectively. Given observed reduction in PC incidence, especially in men 65+, the number of incident PC cases is projected to decrease by 2045 for all included races/ethnicities. Conclusions: Among racial and ethnic minorities, an increase in the number of BC and CRC cases is expected between 2019 and 2045. Projected decrease in PC cases is likely a result of decrease in incidence rates between 2010 and 2015 and should be assessed as new data become available. Currently, racial and ethnic minorities comprise < 20% of patients enrolled in clinical trials, demonstrating the need to understand biologic and social underpinnings of disparities in clinical outcomes in underrepresented groups.

scholarly journals Mediators of the Association between Low Socioeconomic Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i125-i126
Author(s):  
P. Vart ◽  
R. T. Gansevoort ◽  
D. C. Crews ◽  
S. A. Reijneveld ◽  
U. Bültmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

scholarly journals Associations of Depressive Symptoms with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Race in A Low-Socioeconomic Population: A Report from the Southern Community Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cui ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Mark Steinwandel ◽  
Hui Cai ◽  
Maureen Sanderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Specific Mortality

Abstract Depression is a leading cause of disability in the United States, but its impact on mortality among racially diverse, low-socioeconomic populations is largely unknown. Using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, 2002-2015, we prospectively evaluated the associations of depressive symptoms with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 67,781 black (72.3%) and white (27.7%) adults, predominantly with a low-socioeconomic status. Baseline depressive symptoms were assessed using the ten-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The median follow-up time was 10.0 years. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality in association with depressive symptoms. Mild/moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with increased all-cause (HR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.03-1.22; HR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06-1.29; HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.03-1.28, respectively) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.05-1.44; HR=1.18, 95%CI: 0.98-1.42; HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.17-1.75, respectively) in whites but not in blacks (Pinteraction&lt; 0.001, for both). Mild/moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with increased external cause mortality in both races (HR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.05-1.46; HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61; HR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.11-1.81, respectively; for all subjects, Pinteraction=0.48). No association was observed for cancer mortality. Our study showed that depression-mortality associations differed by race and cause of death in individuals with a low-socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals The Disparities in Childhood Obesity in Low Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Populations: An analytical literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-694
Author(s):  
Kimberley M. M. Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Obesity In Children

Disparities in Childhood Obesity in Low Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Populations: An analytical literature review Kimberly Hutapea1   1Dept. of Nursing, STIKes Rajawali, Bandung, Indonesia [email protected]   Abstact Introduction: Since childhood obesity is linked with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, obesity in children and adolescence brings a multitude of adverse health outcomes including, but not limited to cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, some forms of cancer, hypertension, and death.  This study focuses on analytical evaluation of disparities of childhood obesity in low socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic populations.   Methods: The analytical review was conducted on the literature available online focusing five dimensions for the analysis is expressed in the following points: (1) What is evel of incidence of childhood obesity in the United States, (2) What is definition of childhood obesity? (3) What are the factors that impact obesity? (4) What is the appropriate theoretical framework for research on childhood obesity? (5) What are the knowledge gaps and the recommended future research?.   Results: The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is very alarming and needs to be addressed because this health status, being overweight/obese, has a significant and unfavorable impact on not only the health of young Americans today but also the future health of young Americans. Using the percentile categories to determine childhood obesity, there are noteworthy differences when comparing obesity rates by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. There was no significant correlation between race/ethnicity and overweight/obese when controlling the income.   Discussion: When addressing disparities in childhood obesity it is important to understand not only the causes of obesity, but also other factors which may amplify the causes of obesity.  Socioeconomic status during childhood, being male, white,  has a high possibility of adiposity in adolescence.  Exposure to media and marketing, the reduced access and availability of quality and affordable food products is an example of a factor that may amplify the cause of obesity.   Keywords: childhood obesity, socioeconomic status, ethnic population.  

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