scholarly journals Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Kevin A. Zwetsloot ◽  
Andrew J. Simonson ◽  
Andrew T. Hoyle ◽  
Xintang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Water Supplementation

This randomized trial compared pea protein, whey protein, and water-only supplementation on muscle damage, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and physical fitness test performance during a 5-day period after a 90-minute eccentric exercise bout in non-athletic, non-obese males (n=92, ages 18-55 years). The two protein sources (0.9 g protein/kg divided into three doses/day) were administered under double blind procedures. The eccentric exercise protocol induced significant muscle damage and soreness, and reduced bench press and 30-second Wingate performance. Whey protein supplementation significantly attenuated post-exercise blood levels for biomarkers of muscle damage compared to water-only, with large effect sizes for creatine kinase and myoglobin during the 4th and 5th days of recovery (Cohen's d >0.80); pea protein versus water supplementation had an intermediate, non-significant effect (Cohen's d <0.50); and no significant differences between whey and pea protein were found. Whey and pea protein compared to water supplementation had no significant effects on post-exercise DOMS and the fitness tests. In conclusion, high intake of whey protein for 5 days after intensive eccentric exercise mitigated efflux of muscle damage biomarkers, with intake of pea protein having an intermediate effect in part due to the 24% lower leucine amino acid content.

scholarly journals Effects of Whey and Pea Protein Supplementation on Post-Eccentric Exercise Muscle Damage: A Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Kevin A. Zwetsloot ◽  
Andrew J. Simonson ◽  
Andrew T. Hoyle ◽  
Xintang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Water Supplementation

This randomized trial compared pea protein, whey protein, and water-only supplementation on muscle damage, inflammation, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and physical fitness test performance during a 5-day period after a 90-min eccentric exercise bout in non-athletic non-obese males (n = 92, ages 18–55 years). The two protein sources (0.9 g protein/kg divided into three doses/day) were administered under double blind procedures. The eccentric exercise protocol induced significant muscle damage and soreness, and reduced bench press and 30-s Wingate performance. Whey protein supplementation significantly attenuated post-exercise blood levels for biomarkers of muscle damage compared to water-only, with large effect sizes for creatine kinase and myoglobin during the fourth and fifth days of recovery (Cohen’s d > 0.80); pea protein versus water supplementation had an intermediate non-significant effect (Cohen’s d < 0.50); and no significant differences between whey and pea protein were found. Whey and pea protein compared to water supplementation had no significant effects on post-exercise DOMS and the fitness tests. In conclusion, high intake of whey protein for 5 days after intensive eccentric exercise mitigated the efflux of muscle damage biomarkers, with the intake of pea protein having an intermediate effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Performance and Body Composition in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy McAdam ◽  
Kaitlin McGinnis ◽  
Darren Beck ◽  
Cody Haun ◽  
Matthew Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Initial Entry ◽  
Push Up

We investigated the effects of whey protein (WP) supplementation on body composition and physical performance in soldiers participating in Army Initial Entry Training (IET). Sixty-nine, male United States Army soldiers volunteered for supplementation with either twice daily whey protein (WP, 77 g/day protein, ~580 kcal/day; n = 34, age = 19 ± 1 year, height = 173 ± 6 cm, weight = 73.4 ± 12.7 kg) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CHO) drinks (CHO, 127 g/day carbohydrate, ~580 kcal/day; n = 35, age = 19 ± 1 year, height = 173 ± 5 cm, weight = 72.3 ± 10.9 kg) for eight weeks during IET. Physical performance was evaluated using the Army Physical Fitness Test during weeks two and eight. Body composition was assessed using 7-site skinfold assessment during weeks one and nine. Post-testing push-up performance averaged 7 repetitions higher in the WP compared to the CHO group (F = 10.1, p < 0.001) when controlling for baseline. There was a significant decrease in fat mass at post-training (F = 4.63, p = 0.04), but no significant change in run performance (F = 3.50, p = 0.065) or fat-free mass (F = 0.70, p = 0.41). Effect sizes for fat-free mass gains were large for both the WP (Cohen’s d = 0.44) and CHO (Cohen’s d = 0.42) groups. WP had a large effect on fat mass (FM) loss (Cohen’s d = −0.67), while CHO had a medium effect (Cohen’s d = −0.40). Twice daily supplementation with WP improved push-up performance and potentiated reductions in fat mass during IET training in comparison to CHO supplementation.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p &lt; 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

Whey protein supplementation does not accelerate recovery from a single bout of eccentric exercise

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luuk Hilkens ◽  
Jolien De Bock ◽  
Joris Kretzers ◽  
Alwine F. M. Kardinaal ◽  
Esther G. Floris-Vollenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Single Bout

scholarly journals Effects of combined β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and whey protein ingestion on symptoms of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minayuki Shirato ◽  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Teruyuki Sato ◽  
Saki Hamano ◽  
Takeshi Gushiken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Exercise Induced

Comparison of Carbohydrate and Milk-Based Beverages on Muscle Damage and Glycogen Following Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Wojcik ◽  
Janet Walberg-Rankin ◽  
Lucille L. Smith ◽  
F.C. Gwazdauskas
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Post Exercise

This study examined effects of carbohydrate (CHO), milk-based carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO), or placebo (P) beverages on glycogen resynthesis, muscle damage, inflammation, and muscle function following eccentric resistance exercise. Untrained males performed a cycling exercise to reduce muscle glycogen 12 hours prior to performance of 100 eccentric quadriceps contractions at 120% of 1-RM (day 1) and drank CHO (n = 8), CHO-PRO (n = 9; 5 kcal/kg), or P (n = 9) immediately and 2 hours post-exercise. At 3 hours post-eccentric exercise, serum insulin was four times higher for CHO-PRO and CHO than P (p < .05). Serum creatine kinase (CK) increased for all groups in the 6 hours post-eccentric exercise (p < .01), with the increase tending to be lowest for CHO-PRO (p < .08) during this period. Glycogen was low post-exercise (33 ± 3.7 mmol/kg ww), increased 225% at 24 hours, and tripled by 72 hours, with no group differences. The eccentric exercise increased muscle protein breakdown as indicated by urinary 3-methylhistidine and increased IL-6 with no effect of beverage. Quadriceps isokinetic peak torque was depressed similarly for all groups by 24% 24 hours post-exercise and remained 21 % lower at 72 hours (p < .01). In summary, there were no influences of any post-exercise beverage on muscle glycogen replacement, inflammation, or muscle function.

Whey protein supplementation accelerates satellite cell proliferation during recovery from eccentric exercise

Amino Acids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Farup ◽  
Stine Klejs Rahbek ◽  
Inge Skovgaard Knudsen ◽  
Frank de Paoli ◽  
Abigail L. Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Satellite Cell Proliferation

scholarly journals Protein ingestion preserves proteasome activity during intense aseptic inflammation and facilitates skeletal muscle recovery in humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Draganidis ◽  
Niki Chondrogianni ◽  
Athanasios Chatzinikolaou ◽  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
Leonidas G. Karagounis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Proteasome Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

AbstractThe ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of normal and abnormal (e.g. oxidised) proteins. Under catabolic conditions characterised by chronic inflammation, the UPS is activated resulting in proteolysis, muscle wasting and impaired muscle function. Milk proteins provide sulphur-containing amino acid and have been proposed to affect muscle inflammation. However, the response of the UPS to aseptic inflammation and protein supplementation is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate how milk protein supplementation affects UPS activity and skeletal muscle function under conditions of aseptic injury induced by intense, eccentric exercise. In a double-blind, cross-over, repeated measures design, eleven men received either placebo (PLA) or milk protein concentrate (PRO, 4×20 g on exercise day and 20 g/d for the following 8 days), following an acute bout of eccentric exercise (twenty sets of fifteen eccentric contractions at 30°/s) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In each trial, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle at baseline, as well as at 2 and 8 d post exercise, whereas blood samples were collected before exercise and at 6 h, 1 d, 2 d and 8 d post exercise. Muscle strength and soreness were assessed before exercise, 6 h post exercise and then daily for 8 consecutive days. PRO preserved chymotrypsin-like activity and attenuated the decrease of strength, facilitating its recovery. PRO also prevented the increase of NF-κB phosphorylation and HSP70 expression throughout recovery. We conclude that milk PRO supplementation following exercise-induced muscle trauma preserves proteasome activity and attenuates strength decline during the pro-inflammatory phase.

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