scholarly journals Historical Review of Faba Bean Improvement in Western Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Glen Hawkins ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Breeding Goal ◽  
Minor Crop ◽  
Bean Research ◽  
A Minor

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was considered a minor crop in the Canadian prairies until recently, but its potential for cultivation is increasing due to its positive environmental impact and economic value. This review provides a historical summary of faba bean improvement in western Canada. Although traditional breeding methods have proved useful, in the last decade faba bean improvement has benefited from advances in genetics, biochemistry and molecular breeding tools. The overall breeding goal is to develop high yielding germplasm with improved agronomic characteristics that will be of economic value to the emerging faba bean sectors, including the plant protein industry. To maximize value and acceptance by producers, processors and the food industry as a source of protein and dietary fibre, future faba bean varieties need to be high-yielding, have diverse seed size classes, disease resistance, genetically low vicine-convicine concentration, and have wider adaptation to different agro-ecological zones of Canada. The experiences over the last 40 years of faba bean improvement in western Canada may be useful to other breeding programs globally located in regions with similar agroecology. In the past 10–15 years, faba bean genetic development in Canada has benefited greatly from research and development interactions with most of the faba bean research programs in northern Europe.

scholarly journals Historical review of faba bean improvement in western Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Glen Hawkins ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Western Canada

scholarly journals Rise and fall of Stachys annua (L.) L. in the Carpathian Basin: a historical review and prospects for its revival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Pinke ◽  
Éva Dunai ◽  
Bálint Czúcz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Minor Crop ◽  
A Minor

AbstractStachys annua (L.) L., a melliferous archaeophyte plant became a dominant weed of the cereal stubbles of the Carpathian Basin in the medieval three-field system. By the middle of the nineteenth century, this plant provided more than two-thirds of the Hungarian honey production, and its high quality monofloral honey turned into a characteristic brand of the Hungarian apiculture. Recognizing its importance, S. annua also briefly became a minor crop cultivated in “bee gardens” and arable fields in the late nineteenth century, possibly also in response to the first signs of its upcoming decline. Starting with the advent of the steam plough, the twentieth century has brought a drastic decline for S. annua due to a combination of deeper and earlier tillage operations, agrochemicals, and new competing weed species (in particular the common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia). The last remnant stands of this previously dominant weed species are of considerable ecological and historical value as farmland biodiversity hotspots. These sites are important refuge for rare weeds, wild pollinators (including bumblebees), and declining farmland birds, which could be targeted by eco-schemes under the European Union’s (EU’s) greening Common Agricultural Policy. The rediscovery of the cropping potential of S. annua and the development of an appropriate technology would also allow its cultivation as a valuable bee forage, catch crop, green cover, or oilseed plant in the future.

NOTES ON THE CANADIAN TUCKAHOE, ITS OCCURRENCE IN CANADA AND THE INTERFERTILITY OF ITS PERFECT STAGE, POLYPORUS TUBERASTER JACQ. EX FRIES

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Vanterpool ◽  
Ruth Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Perfect Stage

The Canadian tuckahoe is the perennial sclerotium of Polyporus tuberaster jacq. ex Fries. It is commonly found in the parkland belt of the Canadian prairies where land supporting, virgin poplar groves, mainly Populus tremuloides Michx., is being brought under cultivation. Sporophore as many as three to a single sclerotium, appear in late June and July. Interfertility studies with single spore cultures isolated from sporophores derived from four sources in Western Canada and from one source in Italy have shown that both the Canadian fungus and the European P. tuberaster are heterothallic, have the tetrapolar type of interfertility, and are interfertile.

Progress towards no-till organic weed control in western Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

AbstractOrganic farmers in western Canada rely on tillage to control weeds and incorporate crop residues that could plug mechanical weed-control implements. However, tillage significantly increases the risk of soil erosion. For farmers seeking to reduce or eliminate tillage, potential alternatives include mowing or using a roller crimper for terminating green manure crops (cover crops) or using a minimum tillage (min-till) rotary hoe for mechanically controlling weeds. Although many researchers have studied organic crop production in western Canada, few have studied no-till organic production practices. Two studies were recently conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the efficacy of the following alternatives to tillage: mowing and roller crimping for weed control, and min-till rotary hoeing weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first study compared mowing and roller crimping with tillage when terminating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and field pea green manure crops. Early termination of annual green manure crops with roller crimping or mowing resulted in less weed regrowth compared with tillage. When compared with faba bean, field pea produced greater crop biomass, suppressed weeds better and had less regrowth. Wheat yields following pea were not affected by the method of termination. Thus, this first study indicated that roller crimping and mowing are viable alternatives to tillage to terminate field pea green manure crops. The second study evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of a min-till rotary harrow in no-till field pea production. The min-till rotary hoe was able to operate in no-till cereal residues and multiple passes did not affect the level of residue cover. Field pea exhibited excellent tolerance to the min-till rotary hoe. Good weed control occurred with multiple rotary hoe passes, and pea seed yield was 87% of the yield obtained in the herbicide-treated check. Therefore, this second study demonstrated that min-till rotary hoeing effectively controls many small seeded annual weeds in the presence of crop residue and thus can reduce the need for tillage in organic-cropping systems.

scholarly journals Water security in the Canadian Prairies: science and management challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (2002) ◽  
pp. 20120409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Wheater ◽  
Patricia Gober
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Water Problems

In this paper, we discuss the multiple dimensions of water security and define a set of thematic challenges for science, policy and governance, based around cross-scale dynamics, complexity and uncertainty. A case study of the Saskatchewan River basin (SRB) in western Canada is presented, which encompasses many of the water-security challenges faced worldwide. A science agenda is defined based on the development of the SRB as a large-scale observatory to develop the underpinning science and social science needed to improve our understanding of water futures under societal and environmental change. We argue that non-stationarity poses profound challenges for existing science and that new integration of the natural sciences, engineering and social sciences is needed to address decision making under deep uncertainty. We suggest that vulnerability analysis can be combined with scenario-based modelling to address issues of water security and that knowledge translation should be coupled with place-based modelling, adaptive governance and social learning to address the complexity uncertainty and scale dynamics of contemporary water problems.

Stride oat

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
P. D. Brown ◽  
N. Ames ◽  
J. Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Mitchell Fetch, J. W., Tekauz, A., Brown, P. D., Ames, N., Chong, J., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S. M., Menzies, J. G.,, T. F. Townley-Smith, Stadnyk, K. D. and Green, D. A. 2013. Stride oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 749–753. Stride is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar with moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. It is postulated to carry the crown rust resistance combination Pc39, Pc68 and Pc94, which was effective against the prevalent crown rust races on the Canadian prairies at the time of its release. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, moderately good resistance to most of the prairie stem rust races (likely due to the presence of Pg2 and Pg13), and intermediate reaction to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Stride has high test weight, but low kernel weight. Stride exhibits high yielding capacity in the oat growing areas of western Canada. Stride was registered (Reg. No. 7180) in Canada 2012 Apr. 23.

scholarly journals Combined impacts of ENSO and MJO on the 2015 growing season drought on the Canadian Prairies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5057-5067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Barrie Bonsal ◽  
Alan H. Manson ◽  
Lucia Scaff
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Wave ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Canadian Prairies

Abstract. Warm-season precipitation on the Canadian Prairies plays a crucial role in agricultural production. This research investigates how the early summer 2015 drought across the Canadian Prairies is related to the tropical Pacific forcing. The significant deficit of precipitation in May and June 2015 coincided with a warm phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and a negative phase of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)-4 index, which favour a positive geopotential height (GPH) anomaly in western Canada. Our further investigation during the instrumental record (1979–2016) shows that warm-season precipitation in the Canadian Prairies and the corresponding atmospheric circulation anomalies over western Canada teleconnected with the lower boundary conditions in the tropical western Pacific. Our results indicate that MJO can play a crucial role in determining the summer precipitation anomaly in the western Canadian Prairies when the equatorial central Pacific is warmer than normal (NINO4 > 0) and MJO is more active. This teleconnection is due to the propagation of a stationary Rossby wave that is generated in the MJO-4 index region. When the tropical convection around MJO-4 index region (western tropical Pacific, centred over 140∘ E) is more active than normal (NINO4 > 0), Rossby wave trains originate from the western Pacific with wavenumbers determined by the background mean wind and meridional absolute vorticity gradient. Under warm NINO4 conditions waves are generated with smaller wavenumbers compared to cold NINO4 conditions. These waves under warm NINO4 can propagate into the mid-latitudes over North America, causing a persistent anomalous ridge in the upper level over western Canada, which favours dry conditions over the region.

scholarly journals 339 Effect of varieties and tannin levels (low and normal) on the physicochemical and nutritional characterization of faba bean grown in western Canada.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 169-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rodríguez ◽  
V Guevara-Oquendo ◽  
R Newkirk ◽  
D Beaulieu ◽  
B Tar’an ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Western Canada

A survey for potential biological control agents of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae) in Brazil reveals two new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4272 (3) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
TIAGO G. PIKART ◽  
VALMIR A. COSTA ◽  
CHRISTER HANSSON ◽  
SANDRA C. DE CRISTO ◽  
MARCELO D. VITORINO
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Minor Crop ◽  
A Minor

This paper deals with the description of two new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Brazil, parasitoids of larvae of Adetus analis (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Both species are similar to Horismenus steirastomae (Girault), a species that also parasitizes cerambycids. Adetus analis is a pest of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz (Cucurbitaceae), a minor crop in Brazil, Argentina and U.S.A., but also feeds in stems of Pereskia aculeata Miller (Cactaceae), an ornamental plant that has become a problematic weed species in Africa, where it was introduced. The two new Horismenus species are described, diagnosed, and compared to H. steirastomae. 

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