scholarly journals On novel Copper Based Alloys Development via Friction Stir Alloying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaja Moiduddin ◽  
Arshad Noor Siddiquee ◽  
Mustufa Haider Abidi ◽  
Syed Hammad Mian ◽  
Muneer Khan Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Alloy Structure ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Pure Cu

Friction stir alloying (FSA) of commercially pure Cu with Ni, Zn, and Mg is implemented in the current study. The successfully fabricated alloy structure has been scrutinized in terms of mechanical and micro-structural standpoints. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a uniform distribution of alloying elements and coalescence at the atomic level. The compositional and grain size heterogeneity is managed in the stir zone, which pave way for microstructural control using FSA. Thus, the present study carries significance for the development of novel materials whose fabrication requires temperature far below the melting point of base metals. Ultra-refinement of grains is found to accompany the alloying process, with ~ 440 nm being the smallest grain size. Maximum and average micro-hardness enhancement of 18.4 % and 6 % is observed for the fabricated alloy. Tensile properties have also been investigated and co-related with the micro-structural morphology. The shift towards grain bimodality has also been reported, which is a highly sought property in the present day, especially to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off.

scholarly journals On Novel Copper Based Alloys Development via Friction Stir Alloying

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Khaja Moiduddin ◽  
Arshad Noor Siddiquee ◽  
Mustufa Haider Abidi ◽  
Syed Hammad Mian ◽  
Muneer Khan Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Pure Cu

Friction stir alloying (FSA) of commercially pure Cu with Ni, Zn, and Mg is implemented in the current study. Mechanical and microstructural aspects of the successfully fabricated alloy structure have been examined. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a uniform distribution of alloying elements and coalescence at the atomic level. The compositional and grain size heterogeneity is managed in the stir zone, allowing for microstructural control with FSA. Thus, the present study is essential for the development of novel materials whose fabrication requires temperature well below the melting point of base metals. The alloying process is found to be accompanied by ultra-refined grains, with the smallest grain size being ~0.44 μm. The fabricated alloy managed to retain the FCC phase, and no brittle intermetallic compounds formed, according to X-ray diffraction. The fabricated alloy exhibits maximum and average microhardness enhancements of 18.4% and 6%, respectively. Tensile properties have also been investigated and correlated with microstructural morphology. A shift toward grain bimodality has also been documented, which is a highly sought-after property nowadays, especially to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off.

Effect of Shoulder Surface Dimension and Geometries on FSW of AA7039

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswarlu Devuri ◽  
M. M. Mahapatra ◽  
S. P. Harsha ◽  
N. R. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Tool Geometries ◽  
Shoulder Diameter ◽  
Surface Dimension

AbstractIn the present study, friction stir welding of AA7039 butt plates were investigated with respect to threaded probed tools having different shoulder diameters and shoulder surface geometries. The ultimate tensile properties, micro hardness and grain size of the welds were investigated with respect to the varying tool geometries. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were observed to be influenced by the shoulder diameter and shoulder surface geometry. With the increase in the shoulder diameter, the effect of shoulder concavity on refining the weld grain size diminished. Good quality welds were produced by using tools with semi-concave shoulder surface having shoulder and probe diameters of 19 mm and 7 mm respectively. The fracture surfaces of AA7039 weld samples were dimpled and the crack front energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis exhibited absence of segregation of Zn.

Enhancing the mechanical, wear behaviour of copper matrix composite with 2V-Gr as reinforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 135065012096057
Author(s):  
J Jabinth ◽  
N Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Copper Matrix Composite ◽  
Pure Cu

In the present study, copper along with secondary hybrid reinforcements like Vanadium (V) and Graphene-L (Gr-L) with various proportions like pure Cu, Cu-2V, Cu-2V-0.5Gr, Cu-2V-1Gr, Cu-2V-1.5Gr are added to evaluate the behaviour of Copper Matrix Composite. The evenly dispersion of heterogeneous Copper Matrix Composite is achieved by the economical stir casting process. The heterogeneous mixture with metallic materials is a promising strategy to improve the properties of CMC. The prepared specimen is subjected to various testing processes to test the properties like Tensile strength, hardness, Yield strength, Impact strength and wear behaviours. The grain formation of hybrid CMC is also studied using an optical microscope to see the relationship between strength and grain size. The characterization of hybrid CMC is done by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Fractography is also done to investigate the debonding mechanism of heterogeneous composites. The wear behavior of the hybrid composite is examined by Pin-on-disc tribometer. The results obtained, shows that, there is a reduction in grain size with the increase in addition of vanadium and graphene-L. The decrease in grain size has directly contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties of CMC. There is also an enhancement in wear behavior such as improvement in co-efficient of friction and wear resistance with increase in hybrid composition. This paves a new strategy and acts as a reliable reinforcement to improve the behaviour of copper based metal matrix composites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mechanical properties of friction stir welded commercially pure aluminium

2018 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
S. Suresh Kumar ◽  
B. Ravisankar ◽  
Vishnu Chandar. S ◽  
R.P. Dhivakar Raviram
Keyword(s):  
Travel Speed ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Destructive Test ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Non Destructive

In this study, friction stir welding (FSW) of commercially pure aluminium is carried out. The main defects existing in this process are cavity, irregular material flow due to unsuitable selection of welding parameters. In this study, to reduce the defects by selecting suitable parameter and welding quality determined by mechanical testing methods and non-destructive testing methods. Welding is done with preheating the base metals and without preheating the base metals and their effects are analyzed with similar parameter. The parameters considered for this work are spindle rotational speed (rpm), tool travel speed (mm/min) and axial force (kN). The experimental results are evaluated by Destructive Test and Non-destructive test methods. The characterization study is performed by Optical microscope and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM).

Structural, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Fe40Co60 Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhela Otmane ◽  
S. Bergheul ◽  
M. Zergoug ◽  
M. Azzaz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Internal Strain ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray

In this work we report on the structural, mechanical and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Fe40Co60 powders. Alloying formation, grain size, lattice parameter and internal strain were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. The morphological aspect of the nanostructured powders was analysed by means of the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Compacted pastilles with circular shape have been under Vickers test of micro Hardness and magnetic measurements of Hysterisis loops. Discussed results according to milling time show that after 60 h milling the grain refinement is about 15.59 nm with internal strain of around 0.5809 %. The micro hardness increases with the decrease of the grain size and the hysterisis loop at 60 h milling is enhanced in term of decreased coercivity.

scholarly journals The Effect of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) on the Microstructure and Properties of AM60 Magnesium Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Iwaszko ◽  
K. Kudła ◽  
K. Fila ◽  
M. Strzelecka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Average Grain Size

Abstract The samples of the as-cast AM60 magnesium alloy were subjected to Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The effect of FSP on the microstructure of AM60 magnesium alloy was analyzed using optical microscopy and X-ray analysis. Besides, the investigation of selected properties, i.e. hardness and resistance to abrasion wear, were carried out. The carried out investigations showed that FSP leads to more homogeneous microstructure and significant grain refinement. The average grain size in the stirred zone (SZ) was about 6-9 μm. in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the elongated and deformed grains distributed along flow line were observed. The structural changes caused by FSP lead to an increase in microhardness and wear resistance of AM60 alloy in comparison to their non-treated equivalents. Preliminary results show that friction stir processing is a promising and an effective grain refinement technique.

Intermetallic Compound Formation in Al/Mg Friction Stir Welded (FSW) Butt Joints

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. El Chlouk ◽  
G. Ayoub ◽  
G. T. Kridli ◽  
R. F. Hamade
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Butt Joints ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Formation

In this work, friction stir welding (FSW) is used to produce butt joints of 3-mm-thick sheets of AZ31B magnesium alloy to two different aluminum alloys: AA1100 (minimum 99% aluminum) and AA6061 (97.9% Al). The paper reports on utilizing metallurgical techniques to determine the distribution profiles of elemental aluminum and magnesium within the joints were produced using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the intermetallic compounds that form in the joints as a result of the stirring action at processing temperatures. Measurements confirmed the presence of primary intermetallic compounds in the welded joints and were identified to be the α-phase (Al12Mg17) and the β-phase (Al3Mg2). Lastly, micro-hardness studies were conducted at the intermetallic-compounds-rich locations resulting in hardness profiles.

Dispersion of Al2O3 Reinforcements in Al Composites via Friction Stir Processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Lin Du ◽  
Ming Jen Tan ◽  
Jun Feng Guo ◽  
Jun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
State Process ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Disperse Reinforcement

Friction Stir Processing is a solid state process with the ability to modify microstructure and refine grain sizes of the material without melting and uniformly disperse reinforcement particles in the material matrix resulting in further improvements in the mechanical properties. In this study, it was used to disperse Al2O3 reinforcement particles of different sizes. Uniform dispersion of the reinforcements was achieved in the aluminium matrix with significant reduction in grain size were observed via SEM and EBSD. Improvement in Vicker’s micro hardness was observed after FSP.

On the applicability of the x-ray diffraction line profile analysis in extracting grain size and microstrain in nanocrystalline materials

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Jiang ◽  
M. Rühle ◽  
E. J. Lavernia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Line Profile Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Of Dislocations ◽  
Diffraction Line Profile ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Cold Pressed

Measurements of x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles have been performed on commercially pure Fe and Al powders, cryomilled Fe–3 wt.% Al powders, cold pressed (CP) pure Fe and Al, hot pressed (HP) and hot isostatically pressed (HIP) Fe–3 wt.% Al. Scherrer equation (SE), integral breadth analysis (IBA), and single-line approximation (SLA) methods have been employed to extract grain size and microstrain. The results demonstrate that, in the case of the cryomilled nanocrystalline Fe–3 wt.% Al powders, all these XRD techniques yielded reasonable, consistent grain size results. However, discrepancies were found in cold pressed (CP-Fe), hot pressed (HP-Fe–3 wt.% Al), and hot isostatically pressed (HIP-Fe–3 wt.% Al) samples. TEM imaging revealed the presence of a certain density of dislocations inside the grains in the HP-Fe–3 wt.% Al and HIP-Fe–3 wt.% Al, which is thought to be partly or fully responsible for the observed discrepancies.

scholarly journals The Study of the Structural, Morphological, and Mechanical Characteristics of the Laser-Irradiated Aluminium Targets

2021 ◽  
pp. X
Author(s):  
Wajeehah SHAHID ◽  
Samiah SHAHID ◽  
Syed ZAHEER UD DIN ◽  
Wentao WANG ◽  
Wei CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aluminium samples are irradiated using a continuous-wave diode laser in a laboratory environment to study the effect on its surface, structural, and mechanical properties. The exposed samples are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractometer for the surface and structural morphology, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic analysis unveils the realization of micrometer grain size, exfoliational sputtering, and crater production. The diffractometric x-ray analysis reveals the grain size, d-spacing, and dislocation line density of the targeted samples. The hardness of the samples as a function of exposure time is investigated using the micro Vickers hardness tester to perceive the mechanical properties. An increase in micro-hardness is observed with the increase in the exposure time.

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