scholarly journals Spirals and Rings in Barred Galaxies by the ROTASE Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Spiral Arms ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Barred Galaxies ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ring Galaxies ◽  
Spiral Arm

This paper extends the application of the ROTASE model for the formation of spiral arms of disc galaxies, questions and confusions from readers about this model are addressed. The optical trail effect behind the spiral arm rotation is the natural consequence of the model. The morphologies of ring-galaxies are classified into four categories: type I: single ring; type II: 8-shaped double ring; type III: 8-shaped double ring wrapped by a larger outer ring; type IV: single ring without spiral and bar. All four types of ring galaxies can be described by the ROTASE model. The ROTASE model predicts that the false impression of spiral arm rotating ahead of the galactic bar in the galaxy MCG+00-04-051 will change with time, it will look like a normal galaxy with about 30° to 40° bar rotation in the future and the galactic bar ends will look like rotating ahead of the spiral arms with further 10 ° to 15 °bar rotation. The formation of one arm galaxies is due to X-matter at one side of supermassive black hole is much stronger than other side. More evidence is found to support the explanation of the formation and the evolution of the Hoag’s object. The possible evolution of spiral pattern of galaxies is illustrated by UGC 6093. The winding of the Milky Way could be tighter in the future based on the ROTASE model.

scholarly journals Spirals and Rings in Barred Galaxies by the ROTASE Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Spiral Arms ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Barred Galaxies ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ring Galaxies ◽  
Spiral Arm

This paper extends the application of the ROTASE model for the formation of spiral arms of disc galaxies, questions and confusions from readers about this model are addressed. The optical trail effect behind the spiral arm rotation is the natural consequence of the model. The morphologies of ring-galaxies are classified into four categories: type I: single ring; type II: 8-shaped double ring; type III: 8-shaped double ring wrapped by a larger outer ring; type IV: single ring without spiral and bar. All four types of ring galaxies can be described by the ROTASE model. The ROTASE model predicts that the false impression of spiral arm rotating ahead of the galactic bar in the galaxy MCG+00-04-051 will change with time, it will look like a normal galaxy with about 30° to 40° bar rotation in the future and the galactic bar ends will look like rotating ahead of the spiral arms with further 10 ° to 15 °bar rotation. The formation of one arm galaxies is due to X-matter at one side of supermassive black hole is much stronger than other side. More evidence is found to support the explanation of the formation and the evolution of the Hoag’s object. The possible evolution of spiral pattern of galaxies is illustrated by UGC 6093. The winding of the Milky Way could be tighter in the future based on the ROTASE model.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficacy of ozone therapy on different types of lumbar disc herniation: a new guidance is coming? [abstract]

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Hao ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qingle Zeng ◽  
Xiaofeng He
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Fibre Ring

PURPOSE: To investigate the sub-types of lumbar disc herniation, compare efficacies of ozone treatment in various types of lumbar disc herniation and analyze the mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 250 patients (159 males, 91 females; age range: 14 - 85 years) diagnosed of lumbar disc herniation from January 2009 to Jun 2014 in Nanfang Hospital were enrolled. Disc Lesions, classified by Magnetic Resonance examinations and images when injecting ozone under Digital Subtraction Angiography, were divided into four types: type I: Non-prominent nucleus pulposus with ruptured fibre ring; type II: Prominent nucleus pulposus with ruptured fibre ring; type III: Non-prominent nucleus pulposus with Non-ruptured fibre ring; type IV: Prominent nucleus pulposus with Non-ruptured fibre ring. All patients underwent intradiscal and paravertebral injection of oxygen-ozone. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) weighted score was administered for the measurement of low back pain before treatment, and the evaluation of efficacy respectively at 1 week, 1 month, 6 month and 12 month follow-up period. RESULTS: Most of the patients (about 4/5) showed better response to ozone treatment. Herniated disc shrinkage was obtained among type II and IV. The type II had the most reduction of average score while the type III had the least. The proportion of patients who had once experienced pain relief at the follow up interval, namely the curative efficacy, showed significant difference: type I occupied the most, type IV occupied the least. CONCLUSION: Ozone treatment is effective and safe for all types of lumbar disc herniation, but efficacy varies according the types, of which type I has the best results and type IV has the worst ones.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of the human mitochondrial chaperonin symmetrical football complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 6044-6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahar Nisemblat ◽  
Oren Yaniv ◽  
Avital Parnas ◽  
Felix Frolow ◽  
Abdussalam Azem
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Single Ring

Human mitochondria harbor a single type I chaperonin system that is generally thought to function via a unique single-ring intermediate. To date, no crystal structure has been published for any mammalian type I chaperonin complex. In this study, we describe the crystal structure of a football-shaped, double-ring human mitochondrial chaperonin complex at 3.15 Å, which is a novel intermediate, likely representing the complex in an early stage of dissociation. Interestingly, the mitochondrial chaperonin was captured in a state that exhibits subunit asymmetry within the rings and nucleotide symmetry between the rings. Moreover, the chaperonin tetradecamers show a different interring subunit arrangement when compared to GroEL. Our findings suggest that the mitochondrial chaperonins use a mechanism that is distinct from the mechanism of the well-studied Escherichia coli system.

scholarly journals Distances to Galactic X-ray Binaries with Gaia DR2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Arnason ◽  
H Papei ◽  
P Barmby ◽  
A Bahramian ◽  
M Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Type I ◽  
Spiral Arms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
X Ray Binaries ◽  
Spiral Arm

Abstract Precise and accurate measurements of distances to Galactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) reduce uncertainties in the determination of XRB physical parameters. We have cross-matched the XRB catalogues of Liu et al. (2006, 2007) to the results of Gaia Data Release 2. We identify 86 X-ray binaries with a Gaia candidate counterpart, of which 32 are low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and 54 are high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Distances to Gaia candidate counterparts are, on average, consistent with those measured by Hipparcos and radio parallaxes. When compared to distances measured by Gaia candidate counterparts, distances measured using Type I X-ray bursts are systematically larger, suggesting that these bursts reach only 50% of the Eddington limit. However, these results are strongly dependent on the prior assumptions used for estimating distance from the Gaia parallax measurements. Comparing positions of Gaia candidate counterparts for XRBs in our sample to positions of spiral arms in the Milky Way, we find that HMXBs exhibit mild preference for being closer to spiral arms; LMXBs exhibit mild preference for being closer to inter-arm regions. LMXBs do not exhibit any preference for leading or trailing their closest spiral arm. HMXBs exhibit a mild preference for trailing their closest spiral arm. The lack of a strong correlation between HMXBs and spiral arms may be explained by star formation occurring closer to the midpoint of the arms, or a time delay between star formation and HMXB formation manifesting as a spatial separation between HMXBs and the spiral arm where they formed.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Optic Disc Features of Premature Infants and Term Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Feng ◽  
Yan Nan ◽  
Jiandong Pan ◽  
Ruitao Zou ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Ring

Abstract Background To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease. Methods This is a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc. Results For both premature infants and term infants, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was > 1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and term infants was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and term infants. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in term infants (P < 0.05). The proportion of no ring type in term infants was higher than that in premature infants (P < 0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between premature infants and term infants. Conclusions We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in term infants was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and term infants.Double ring type is a normal stage of the development of optic disc.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Optic Disc Features of Premature Infants and full-term newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Feng ◽  
Yan Nan ◽  
Jiandong Pan ◽  
Ruitao Zou ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract Background: To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease. Methods: This was a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc. Results: For both premature infants and full-term newborns, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was >1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and full-term newborns was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and full-term newborns. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in full-term newborns (P<0.05). The proportion of no ring type in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants (P<0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P>0.05) between premature infants and full-term newborns.Conclusions: We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and full-term newborns. Double ring type was a normal stage of the development of optic disc.

scholarly journals Comparative study on optic disc features of premature infants and full‐term newborns

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Feng ◽  
Yan Nan ◽  
Jiandong Pan ◽  
Ruitao Zou ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract Background To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease. Methods This was a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc. Results For both premature infants and full-term newborns, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was > 1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and full-term newborns was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and full-term newborns. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in full-term newborns (P < 0.05). The proportion of no ring type in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants (P < 0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P > 0.05) between premature infants and full-term newborns. Conclusions We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and full-term newborns. Double ring type was a normal stage of the development of optic disc.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Optic Disc Features of Premature Infants and full-term newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Feng ◽  
Yan Nan ◽  
Jiandong Pan ◽  
Ruitao Zou ◽  
Lijun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Term Newborns

Abstract Background: To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn optic disc disease. Methods: This was a prospective clinical research. Newborns underwent newborn fundus disease screening from January 1st, 2016 to October 31st, 2016 in the neonatal ward of Ruian City Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. RetCam 3 Version6.1.25.0 Wide-Field Digital Pediatric Retinal Imaging System developed by Clarity Medical Systems, Inc was adopted to conduct fundus examination on both eyes, 130 degree wide-angle lens was used to film the images centering optic disc. Results: For both premature infants and full-term newborns, vertical diameter of the optic disc to lateral diameter of the optic disc ratio was >1, and the shape of the optic disc was a vertical oval. The difference of each optic disc parameter between premature infants and full-term newborns was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There’s a difference of constitution of sclerotic ring type on optic disc between premature infants and full-term newborns. Among which, the proportion of single ring type and double ring type in premature infants was higher than that in full-term newborns (P<0.05). The proportion of no ring type in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants (P<0.05). The proportion of mixed type had no significant difference (P>0.05) between premature infants and full-term newborns.Conclusions: We found that The proportion of mature types (single ring type and double ring type) in full-term newborns was higher than that in premature infants. While there’s no statistical difference of the proportion of mixed types between premature infants and full-term newborns. Double ring type was a normal stage of the development of optic disc.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thamiris Santana Machado ◽  
Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽  
Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre ◽  
Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽  
Reginaldo Fernandes Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Spa Gene ◽  
The City

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.

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