scholarly journals Time course of recovery following CrossFit® Karen Benchmark Workout in trained men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Alsamir Tibana ◽  
Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto ◽  
Nuno Manuel Frade de Sousa ◽  
Arthur M. Zecchin-Oliveira ◽  
Frederico Ribeiro Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Daily Session ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Delayed Time

The study describes the acute and delayed time course of recovery following the CrossFit® Benchmark Workout Karen. Eight trained men (28.4±6.4 years; 1RM back squat 139.1±26.0 kg) undertook the Karen protocol. The protocol consists of 150 Wall Balls, aiming to hit a target 3 meters high. Countermovement jump height (CMJ), creatine kinase (CK), and perceived recovery status scale (PRS) (general, lower and upper limbs) were assessed pre, post-0h, 24h, 48h and 72h after the session. The CK concentration 24h after was higher than pre-exercise (338.4 U/L vs. 143.3 U/L; effect size: 0.74; p≤0.05). At 48h and 72h following exercise, CK concentration had returned to baseline levels. The PRS general and of the lower limbs were lower in the 24-hours post-exercise compared to pre-exercise (PRS general: 4.7 ±1.5 and 7.9 ±1.7 mmol/L; and PRS of the lower limbs: 4.0 ±2.5 and 7.9 ±0.8, respectively). The PRS general, lower, and upper limbs were reduced at 48-post exercise compared to 72-hours post-exercise scores. Our findings provide insights into the fatigue profile and recovery in acute CrossFit® and can be useful to coaches effectively design the daily session.

scholarly journals A Cluster Set Protocol in the Half Squat Exercise Reduces Mechanical Fatigue and Lactate Concentrations in Comparison with a Traditional Set Configuration

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Daniel Varela-Olalla ◽  
Alejandro Romero-Caballero ◽  
Juan Del Campo-Vecino ◽  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Mechanical Fatigue ◽  
Cluster Set ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Set Protocol ◽  
Single Set

Splitting sets into clusters has been shown to maintain performance during resistance training. This study compared the acute fatigue produced by a traditional (TSC) versus a cluster (CSC) set configuration in the smith machine half squat exercise. Fifteen males performed a single bout of TSC and CSC separated by 72–96 h. In the TSC, participants performed as many repetitions as possible until reaching a 20% drop in barbell velocity (MPV), while in the CSC, they performed the same number of repetitions with 15 seconds inter-repetition rest. Effects of both protocols in MPV, countermovement jump height (CMJ), and blood lactate (BLa) were measured. Significant differences between protocols were found for MPV of the last repetition (0.4 vs 0.5 m/s TSC and CSC) and BLa (6.8 mmol/L vs 3.2 mmol/L TSC and CSC). Significant drop of velocity from the first to the last repetition of the set (19.9%), decrease in CMJ height (35.4 vs 32.6 cm), and increase in BLa (2.1 vs 6.8 mmol/L) pre–post-exercise was observed just for the TSC protocol. The results of the present study showed that CSC reduces the lactate response and mechanical fatigue produced by a single set on the half squat exercise in comparison with TSC.

scholarly journals Strength Asymmetries in Young Elite Sailors: Windsurfing, Optimist, Laser and 420 Classes

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Israel Caraballo ◽  
Francisco Casado-Rodríguez ◽  
José V. Gutiérrez-Manzanedo ◽  
José Luis González-Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Strength Asymmetry ◽  
Hand Dynamometry

Strength asymmetries in the upper and lower limbs may affect the body movements of the joints or limbs. Although asymmetries in the upper limbs have been studied in sailors, those in lower limbs have not been evaluated in this sport population. The aims of this study were: (i) to analyze lower limb asymmetries in young elite sailors in order to quantify the magnitude of asymmetry between limbs for variables that were established as reliable in a healthy population, and (ii) to evaluate the presence of differences between classes and sexes in inter-limb asymmetries in elite youth sailors. Sixty-eight young Spanish elite sailors (9–19 years of age) participated voluntarily in our study. Single-leg vertical countermovement jump (VCJ), single-leg horizontal countermovement jump and hand dynamometry tests were used to evaluate the strength of the upper and lower limbs. More than 50% of the sailors presented asymmetries in the lower limbs. The boys’ group and Optimist class presented a greater percentage of strength asymmetry.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Magnitude of Interlimb Asymmetries in Young Female Soccer Players: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Daniel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Ability

Although asymmetries in lower limbs have been linked with players’ performance in male soccer players, literature that has been published addressing female soccer is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was twofold: (i) describe the asymmetries of women soccer players during jumping, change-of-direction and range-of-motion tests; and (ii) test possible relationships between asymmetries and injury risk in female soccer players. Sixteen female players (15.5 ± 1.5 years) performed a battery of fitness tests (i.e., jump ability, change-of-direction ability and passive range-of-motion) and muscle mass analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, through which the specific asymmetry index and the related injury risk were calculated. Significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in the change-of-direction test were observed in comparison to those observed in jumping and range-of-motion tests; significant (p < 0.05) lower asymmetries in muscle mass were also reported compared to those found in the change-of-direction and countermovement jump tests. Additionally, increased injury risk for countermovement jump and hip flexion with extended knee range-of-motion (relating to asymmetry values) and for ankle flexion with flexed knee range-of-motion in both legs (relating to reference range-of-motion values), as well as increased individual injury risk values, were observed across all tests. These findings suggest the necessity to implement individual approaches for asymmetry and injury risk analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Resonant Frequency Vibration on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Resulting Stiffness as Measured by Shear-Wave Elastography

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7853
Author(s):  
Garrett C. Jones ◽  
Jonathan D. Blotter ◽  
Cameron D. Smallwood ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett ◽  
Darryl J. Cochrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pain Ratings

This study utilized resonant frequency vibration to the upper body to determine changes in pain, stiffness and isometric strength of the biceps brachii after eccentric damage. Thirty-one participants without recent resistance training were randomized into three groups: a Control (C) group and two eccentric exercise groups (No vibration (NV) and Vibration (V)). After muscle damage, participants in the V group received upper body vibration (UBV) therapy for 5 min on days 1–4. All participants completed a visual analog scale (VAS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and shear wave elastography (SWE) of the bicep at baseline (pre-exercise), 24 h, 48 h, and 1-week post exercise. There was a significant difference between V and NV at 24 h for VAS (p = 0.0051), at 24 h and 1-week for MVIC (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.0016, respectively). There was a significant decrease in SWE for the V group from 24–48 h (p = 0.0003), while there was no significant change in the NV group (p = 0.9341). The use of UBV resonant vibration decreased MVIC decrement and reduced VAS pain ratings at 24 h post eccentric damage. SWE was strongly negatively correlated with MVIC and may function as a predictor of intrinsic muscle state in the time course of recovery of the biceps brachii.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Explosive Force of the Elite Level Football-Tennis Players through Plyometric and Specific Exercises

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8228
Author(s):  
Anamaria Gherghel ◽  
Dana Badau ◽  
Adela Badau ◽  
Liviu Moraru ◽  
Gabriel Marian Manolache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Athletic Program ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Explosive Force ◽  
Vertical Jumps

The aim of the research was to implement an athletic program to improve the explosive force in order to optimize physical fitness at the level of elite football-tennis players and evaluate the progress made through specific tests using the Opto Jump. The research included 10 elite European and world-class players, on whom an experimental program was applied in order to improve the explosive force of the limbs in conditions of speed, endurance, and dynamic balance. Study tests: five vertical jumps on the spot, on the left/right leg; five back and forth jumps on the left/right leg; five left/right side jumps on the left/right leg; vertical jumps on both legs 60 s; BFS vertical jumps. For each test, the following parameters specific to the explosive force were statistically analyzed: contact time (s); flight time (s); jump height (cm), jump power (w/kg); RSI—Reactive Strength Index, defined as Height (m/s). In the study, the average value of the parameters specific to the jumps performed in each test was taken into account. During the study, the tests were performed and processed on the Opto Jump device and software. In all tests of the experiment monitored through Opto Jump, significant progress was made in the final test compared to the initial one, which demonstrates the efficiency of the physical training program implemented for the development of explosive force, with an impact on the sports performance of elite players. The most relevant results obtained for the left leg regarding the improvement of the explosive force of the lower limbs materialized in the jump height parameter was in the test of five vertical jumps on one leg on the spot, and for the right leg in the tests of: five back and forth jumps and five left/right side jumps. The most significant advances in the study were in the tests, in descending order of their weight: 60 s vertical jumps on both legs; five back-and-forth jumps and five left/right side jumps, five vertical jumps on one leg standing, and BFS vertical jumps.

Kinematic Coordination in Human Gait: Relation to Mechanical Energy Cost

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 2155-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bianchi ◽  
D. Angelini ◽  
G. P. Orani ◽  
F. Lacquaniti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Direction Cosine ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Plane Orientation

Bianchi, L., D. Angelini, G. P. Orani, and F. Lacquaniti. Kinematic coordination in human gait: relation to mechanical energy cost. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2155–2170, 1998. Twenty-four subjects walked at different, freely chosen speeds ( V) ranging from 0.4 to 2.6 m s−1, while the motion and the ground reaction forces were recorded in three-dimensional space. We considered the time course of the changes of the angles of elevation of the trunk, pelvis, thigh, shank, and foot in the sagittal plane. These angles specify the orientation of each segment with respect to the vertical and to the direction of forward progression. The changes of the trunk and pelvis angles are of limited amplitude and reflect the dynamics of both right and left lower limbs. The changes of the thigh, shank, and foot elevation are ample, and they are coupled tightly among each other. When these angles are plotted one versus the others, they describe regular loops constrained on a plane. The plane of angular covariation rotates, slightly but systematically, along the long axis of the gait loop with increasing V. The rotation, quantified by the change of the direction cosine of the normal to the plane with the thigh axis ( u 3 t ), is related to a progressive phase shift between the foot elevation and the shank elevation with increasing V. As a next step in the analysis, we computed the mass-specific mean absolute power ( P u ) to obtain a global estimate of the rate at which mechanical work is performed during the gait cycle. When plotted on logarithmic coordinates, P u increases linearly with V. The slope of this relationship varies considerably across subjects, spanning a threefold range. We found that, at any given V > 1 m s−1, the value of the plane orientation ( u 3 t ) is correlated with the corresponding value of the net mechanical power ( P u ). On the average, the progressive rotation of the plane with increasing V is associated with a reduction of the increment of P u that would occur if u 3 t remained constant at the value characteristic of low V. The specific orientation of the plane at any given speed is not the same in all subjects, but there is an orderly shift of the plane orientation that correlates with the net power expended by each subject. In general, smaller values of u 3 t tend to be associated with smaller values of P u and vice versa. We conclude that the parametric tuning of the plane of angular covariation is a reliable predictor of the mechanical energy expenditure of each subject and could be used by the nervous system for limiting the overall energy expenditure.

Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
Javier Abían-Vicen ◽  
Francisco Areces ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Placebo Control Trial ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
The Hours

P-Synephrine is a protoalkaloid widely used as an ergogenic aid in sports. This substance has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program, although scientific information about its effects on performance and athletes’ well-being is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of p-synephrine to increase performance in sprint athletes. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 13 experienced sprinters performed 2 acute experimental trials after the ingestion of p-synephrine (3 mg·kg−1) or after the ingestion of a placebo (control trial). Forty-five minutes after the ingestion of the substances, the sprinters performed a squat jump, a countermovement jump, a 15-s repeated jump test, and subsequently performed 60-m and 100-m simulated sprint competitions. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess side-effect prevalence. In comparison with the control trial, the ingestion of p-synephrine did not change countermovement jump height (37.4 ± 4.2 vs 36.7 ± 3.3 cm, respectively; P = 0.52), squat jump height (34.4 ± 3.6 vs 33.9 ± 3.7 cm; P = 0.34), or average 15-s repeated jumps height (31.8 ± 4.1 vs 32.2 ± 3.6 cm; P = 0.18). P-Synephrine did not modify maximal running speed during the 60-m (9.0 ± 0.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.4 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.55) and 100-m sprint competitions (8.8 ± 0.5 vs 8.8 ± 0.5 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.92). The ingestion of p-synephrine did not alter the prevalence of headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, muscle pain, or insomnia during the hours following the tests. Acute consumption of 3 mg·kg−1 of p-synephrine was ineffective to increase performance in competitive sprint athletes. Moreover, p-synephrine did not increase the occurrence of side effects after the competition.

scholarly journals Trainability and reversibility in physical fitness among elderly persons taking part in an intervention program

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taysi Seemann ◽  
Carolina Weber Schmitt ◽  
Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo Guimarães ◽  
Simone Korn ◽  
Joseani Paulini Neves Simas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Active Living ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ex Post

Objective To assess the trainability and reversibility of variables of physical fitness in elderly participants in Active Living Functional Gymnastics. Method This ex post facto study was composed of 115 elderly women from six functional fitness groups in the Active Living Program in Florianopolis. The Rikli and Jones battery of tests (Chair Stand Test, Arm Curl Test, Chair Sit and Reach Test, Back Scratch Test, 8-Foot Up and Go Test, 6 Minute Walk Test) was used. The intervention period lasted for eight months, and the detraining period took three months. Descriptive and inferential statistics with paired Student t-test and Scheffé post hoc was used. Results The performance of the age groups differed in agility and aerobic capacity; Trainability was identified in the strength and resistance variables of the lower and upper limbs, and the flexibility of the lower limbs; Detraining was perceived in the strength and resistance of upper limbs, and aerobic capacity. Conclusion A Functional Gymnastics program produces positive effects on the strength and resistance of the lower and upper limbs, and flexibility of the lower limbs in elderly women. An interruption period lasting three months results in detraining in strength and resistance of the lower limbs and aerobic capacity.

scholarly journals Performing Repetitions To Failure in Lower-Limb Single-Joint Exercise does not Reduce Countermovement Jump Performance in Trained Male Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Bruna Costa ◽  
Danielly M. Ferreira ◽  
Petrus Gantois ◽  
Dalton de Lima-Júnior ◽  
Witalo Kassiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Total Session Time ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Repetitions To Failure

Abstract Performing repetitions to failure (RF) is a strategy that might acutely reduce neuromuscular performance, as well as increase the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the internal training load (ITL) during and after a resistance training (RT) session. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the acute effects of RF or repetitions not to failure (RNF) on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and the ITL in trained male adults. Eleven men performed two experimental protocols in randomized order (RF vs. RNF). Under the RF condition, participants performed three sets of the leg extension exercise using 100% of the 10RM load and rest intervals of 180-s between sets. Under the RNF condition, participants were submitted to six sets of five repetitions with the same intensity and an 80-s rest interval between sets in the same exercise. The CMJ test was analyzed before and following (15-s and 30-min, respectively) each experimental session. The ITL was evaluated by multiplying the RPE and the total session time, 30-min after the protocol. No main effect or interaction time vs. condition was found for CMJ performance (p > 0.05). In contrast, the ITL showed higher values under the RF condition (p = 0.003). Therefore, even though RF-induced a greater ITL, our results suggest that adopting this strategy in one single-joint exercise for the lower limbs does not seem sufficient to reduce CMJ height.

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