scholarly journals The Dark Sector and the Standard Model from a Local Generalisation of Extra Dimensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Dimensional Spacetime ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Spacetime Theory

Many models with structures of matter associated with a structure of extra spatial dimensions have been proposed in recent decades. On employing a further generalisation from the local 4-dimensional spacetime form to a general form for proper time, we describe how matter fields resembling the Standard Model of particle physics can be accommodated far more directly than with a higher-dimensional spacetime theory. The successful identification of key features of visible matter in this non-spatial sector of extra dimensions in turn motivates seeking a candidate for dark matter residing in the original extra spatial dimension sector, and provides a close guide for the explicit form this invisible matter might take. We describe how such Standard Model and dark matter sectors in different extra-dimensional branches of generalised proper time are gravitationally connected through their common root in the local 4-dimensional spacetime and consider further possible mutual interactions and implications in comparison with existing dark matter models. A yet further possible branch of generalised proper time can be connected with dark energy models, hence in principle accounting for all three major components of cosmological structure within this framework.

Extension of Standard Model in multi-spinor field formalism — Visible and dark sectors

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. 1630027
Author(s):  
Ikuo S. Sogami
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Quadratic Interaction ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Visible Sector ◽  
Field Formalism ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Higgs Fields

With multi-spinor fields which behave as triple-tensor products of the Dirac spinors, the Standard Model is extended so as to embrace three families of ordinary quarks and leptons in the visible sector and an additional family of exotic quarks and leptons in the dark sector of our Universe. Apart from the gauge and Higgs fields of the Standard Model symmetry G, new gauge and Higgs fields of a symmetry isomorphic to G are postulated to exist in the dark sector. It is the bi-quadratic interaction between visible and dark Higgs fields that opens a main portal to the dark sector. Breakdowns of the visible and dark electroweak symmetries result in the Higgs boson with mass 125 GeV and a new boson which can be related to the diphoton excess around 750 GeV. Subsequent to a common inflationary phase and a reheating period, the visible and dark sectors follow weakly-interacting paths of thermal histories. We propose scenarios for dark matter in which no dark nuclear reaction takes place. A candidate for the main component of the dark matter is a stable dark hadron with spin 3/2, and the upper limit of its mass is estimated to be 15.1 GeV/c2.

Particle physics today, tomorrow and beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 1830003 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Visible Matter ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Lhc I

The most important discovery in particle physics in recent years was that of the Higgs boson, and much effort is continuing to measure its properties, which agree obstinately with the Standard Model, so far. However, there are many reasons to expect physics beyond the Standard Model, motivated by the stability of the electroweak vacuum, the existence of dark matter and the origin of the visible matter in the Universe, neutrino physics, the hierarchy of mass scales in physics, cosmological inflation and the need for a quantum theory for gravity. Most of these issues are being addressed by the experiments during Run 2 of the LHC, and supersymmetry could help resolve many of them. In addition to the prospects for the LHC, I also review briefly those for direct searches for dark matter and possible future colliders.

scholarly journals Effective Theory Approach to Direct Detection of Dark Matter

2020 ◽  
pp. 650-688
Author(s):  
Junji Hisano
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Standard Model

It is now certain that dark matter exists in the Universe. However, we do not know its nature, nor are there dark matter candidates in the standard model of particle physics or astronomy However, weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in models beyond the standard model are one of the leading candidates available to provide explanation. The dark matter direct detection experiments, in which the nuclei recoiled by WIMPs are sought, are one of the methods to elucidate the nature of dark matter. This chapter introduces an effective field theory (EFT) approach in order to evaluate the nucleon–WIMP elastic scattering cross section.

scholarly journals Collider signatures of coannihilating dark matter in light of the B-physics anomalies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Baker ◽  
Darius A. Faroughy ◽  
Sokratis Trifinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Bound States ◽  
B Physics ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Dark Matter Candidate ◽  
Final States ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Decay Modes ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract Motivated by UV explanations of the B-physics anomalies, we study a dark sector containing a Majorana dark matter candidate and a coloured coannihilation partner, connected to the Standard Model predominantly via a U1 vector leptoquark. A TeV scale U1 leptoquark, which couples mostly to third generation fermions, is the only successful single-mediator description of the B-physics anomalies. After calculating the dark matter relic surface, we focus on the most promising experimental avenue: LHC searches for the coloured coannihilation partner. We find that the coloured partner hadronizes and forms meson-like bound states leading to resonant signatures at colliders reminiscent of the quarkonia decay modes in the Standard Model. By recasting existing dilepton and monojet searches we exclude coannihilation partner masses less than 280 GeV and 400 GeV, respectively. Since other existing collider searches do not significantly probe the parameter space, we propose a new dedicated search strategy for pair production of the coloured partner decaying into bbττ final states and dark matter particles. This search is expected to probe the model up to dark matter masses around 600 GeV with current luminosity.

scholarly journals Neutron’s dark secret

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (31) ◽  
pp. 2030019
Author(s):  
Bartosz Fornal ◽  
Benjamín Grinstein
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Neutron Lifetime ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Dark Decay ◽  
Theoretical Developments

The existing discrepancy between neutron lifetime measurements in bottle and beam experiments has been interpreted as a sign of the neutron decaying to dark particles. We summarize the current status of this proposal, including a discussion of particle physics models involving such a portal between the Standard Model and a baryonic dark sector. We also review further theoretical developments around this idea and elaborate on the prospects for verifying the neutron dark decay hypothesis in current and upcoming experiments.

scholarly journals Observing the Dark Sector

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Valerio Marra ◽  
Rogerio Rosenfeld ◽  
Riccardo Sturani
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
The Standard Model

Despite the observational success of the standard model of cosmology, present-day observations do not tightly constrain the nature of dark matter and dark energy and modifications to the theory of general relativity. Here, we will discuss some of the ongoing and upcoming surveys that will revolutionize our understanding of the dark sector.

scholarly journals SEARCHING FOR A DARK MATTER COUPLING TO THE STANDARD MODEL WITH A STUECKELBERG EXTENSION

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
A. L. DOS SANTOS ◽  
D. HADJIMICHEF
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Z Boson ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Minimal Coupling ◽  
Matter Coupling ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Double Extension ◽  
Matter Sector

We investigate a double extension to the Standard Model (SM). A first extension introduces, via minimal coupling, a massive Z′ boson. This enlarged SM is coupled to a dark matter sector through the Stueckelberg mechanism by a A′ boson. However, the A′ boson does not interact directly with the SM fermions. In our study, we found that the A′ is a massless photon-like particle in dark sector. Constraints on the mass for Z′ and corrections to Z mass are obtained.

scholarly journals Dark QCD matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuveer Garani ◽  
Michele Redi ◽  
Andrea Tesi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Pion Mass ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract We investigate the nightmare scenario of dark sectors that are made of non-abelian gauge theories with fermions, gravitationally coupled to the Standard Model (SM). While testing these scenarios is experimentally challenging, they are strongly motivated by the accidental stability of dark baryons and pions, that explain the cosmological stability of dark matter (DM). We study the production of these sectors which are minimally populated through gravitational freeze-in, leading to a dark sector temperature much lower than the SM, or through inflaton decay, or renormalizable interactions producing warmer DM. Despite having only gravitational couplings with the SM these scenarios turn out to be rather predictive depending roughly on three parameters: the dark sector temperature, the confinement scale and the dark pion mass. In particular, when the initial temperature is comparable to the SM one these scenarios are very constrained by structure formation, ∆Neff and limits on DM self-interactions. Dark sectors with same temperature or warmer than SM are typically excluded.

scholarly journals SMART U(1)$$_X$$: standard model with axion, right handed neutrinos, two Higgs doublets and U(1)$$_X$$ gauge symmetry

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuchika Okada ◽  
Digesh Raut ◽  
Qaisar Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

AbstractTo address five fundamental shortcomings of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics and cosmology, we propose a phenomenologically viable framework based on a $$U(1)_X \times U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) X × U ( 1 ) PQ extension of the SM, that we call “SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X ”. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry is a well-known generalization of the $$U(1)_{B-L}$$ U ( 1 ) B - L symmetry and $$U(1)_{PQ}$$ U ( 1 ) PQ is the global Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry. Three right handed neutrinos are added to cancel $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X related anomalies, and they play a crucial role in understanding the observed neutrino oscillations and explaining the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe via leptogenesis. Implementation of PQ symmetry helps resolve the strong CP problem and also provides axion as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate. The $$U(1)_X$$ U ( 1 ) X gauge symmetry enables us to implement the inflection-point inflation scenario with $$H_{inf} \lesssim 2 \times 10^{7}$$ H inf ≲ 2 × 10 7  GeV, where $$H_{inf}$$ H inf is the value of Hubble parameter during inflation. This is crucial to overcome a potential axion domain wall problem as well as the axion isocurvature problem. The SMART U(1)$$_X$$ X framework can be successfully implemented in the presence of SU(5) grand unification, as we briefly show.

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