scholarly journals The Role of Trees in Winter Air Purification on Children’s Routes to School

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Hoppa ◽  
Daria Sikorska ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Marta Melon ◽  
Piotr Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Pm Removal ◽  
Harmful Effects

Air pollution is now considered to be the world’s largest environmental health threat accounting for millions of deaths globally each year. The social group that is particularly exposed to the harmful effects of air pollution is the children. A daily route to school can constitute an important component of children’s physical activity, but air pollution can pose a threat to their health. Numerous studies have proved high loads of PM can be effectively reduced by vegetation. Little is however known, whether vegetation can also reduce PM during the leaf dormancy period. In this study, we investigated the role of trees in PM removal on children’s routes to schools during winter. We investigated walking routes to selected schools in Warsaw, by examining the adjacent vegetation and PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and the presence of local black-smoke-belching stoves. We found that proximity to local CHP emitters had the strongest impact on pollution on the way to schools, while not finding a significant relationship between dense greenery and PM loads. Even more, the highest density of vegetation along walking routes tended to stimulate higher PM concentrations. The results obtained show the poor performance of tree canopy in reducing PM loads during winter.

scholarly journals The Role of Trees in Winter Air Purification on Children’s Routes to School

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Adrian Hoppa ◽  
Daria Sikorska ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Marta Melon ◽  
Piotr Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Air pollution is now considered to be the world’s largest environmental health threat, accounting for millions of deaths globally each year. The social group that is particularly exposed to the harmful effects of air pollution is children. Their vulnerability results from higher breathing frequency and being subject to concentration peaks just above the ground. The negative effects of ambient particulate matter also depend on the time of exposure. A daily route to school can constitute an important component of children’s physical activity, but air pollution can pose a threat to their health. Numerous studies have proved that high loads of PM can be effectively reduced by vegetation. Little is known, however, on whether vegetation can also reduce PM during leaf dormancy. In this study we investigated the role of trees in air purification during the leafless period in children’s routes to selected schools located in Warsaw during winter. The results obtained show a weak impact of the tree canopy in winter.

scholarly journals Effects of negative social information on the willingness to support charities: the moderating role of regulatory focus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat Quang Le ◽  
Magne Supphellen ◽  
Richard P. Bagozzi
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Promotion Focus ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Donation campaigns that have an unsuccessful start often trigger negative social information in the social and mass media (e.g., “few others have donated so far”). Little research exists to shed light on the effects of such information in the context of donations. Across three studies involving different causes and different channels of communication, we find harmful effects of negative social information on the willingness to donate among prevention-focused consumers but tendencies of positive effects for consumers with a promotion focus. We identify response efficacy as a mediator of the harmful effect for prevention-focused consumers. This finding suggests that social proof theory is not sufficient to explain the harmful effect of negative social information. Alternative mediators are tested and rejected. The findings imply that an effective strategy to avoid harmful effects of negative social information is to trigger a promotion focus in target group members and communicate facts about charity effectiveness.

scholarly journals Assessment and risk prevention of air pollution in urban sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 04014
Author(s):  
Mariana Panaitescu ◽  
Fanel-Viorel Panaitescu ◽  
Cornel Panait ◽  
Octavia Bardasu ◽  
Viorica-Ani Merla
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Harmful Effects

Atmospheric pollution limitation has evolved and evolves continuously, depending on the better knowledge of the harmful effects of the different atmospheric pollutants. The main elements that have led and lead to the continuous revision of the norms are the climatic changes and acid rain associated with atmospheric pollutants. In this context, the paper presents the following aspects: two monitoring regimes aims to evaluate and prevent air pollution in urban areas; was chosen as a monitoring location Constanta city, with strategic points exposed to the risk of pollution. For the monitoring of emissions in these locations, a selfemployed emission analyzer was used. Where there are risk areas, exists a risk analisys with vulnerable locations and values of emissions’s concentrations. There are monitoring CO, CO2, NO2, SO2 emissions and PM2.5 and PM10 in air of urban sites which are exposed to the risk of pollution. Finally, the recorded values are below the maximum permissible limit. The conclusion is that pollution in urban sites can also be a danger to neighboring rural settlements, if there is no strict monitoring thereof.

scholarly journals Seasonal variability of atmospheric patterns leading to air pollution in the metropolis of Tehran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Khansalari ◽  
Abbas Ranjbar Saadatabadi ◽  
Leila Mohammadian Mohammadi ◽  
Majid Gozalkhoo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Synoptic Patterns ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
The City ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Height Data

Introduction: Air pollution, due to its harmful effects especially on human health, is one of the major problems of industrial cities and metropolises, including Tehran. Therefore, recognizing the atmospheric conditions that lead to the accumulation of the pollutants can help decision-maker organizations. Materials and methods: In this study, based on the intensity and persistency of the air pollution in the period of 1389-1397 and according to the season of its occurrence, 47 air pollution incidents in Tehran were identified and studied from synoptic perspective. Spatial (T-Mode) principal component analysis was applied to 500-hpa geopotential height data of these events to classify the synoptic patterns which make the city prone to intensification of pollution in different seasons. Results: The results indicate three different synoptic patterns leading to an increase in the potential of pollution of Tehran. In these patterns, the main pollutant is the airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Accordingly, the first pattern with percentage frequency of 62% occurs in the fall and winter. In this pattern, the presence of Siberian high pressure, along with the midtropospheric ridge is obvious. Two other patterns are active in the late spring and summer (related to Indian monsoon in the southeast of Iran) and spring and autumn (related to dynamic low-pressure in Iraq and the west of Iran), respectively. Conclusion: Classifying of the data of polluted days during recent eight years for Tehran results in three synoptic patterns related to different seasons. This information can help better managing of urban activities.

scholarly journals Influence of Krakow Winter and Summer Dusts on the Redox Cycling of Vitamin B12a in the Presence of Ascorbic Acid

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Justyna Polaczek ◽  
Angelika Jodłowska ◽  
Grażyna Stochel ◽  
Rudi van Eldik
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Redox Cycling ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Air pollution remains a serious problem in Krakow, Poland. According to the European Environmental Agency, annual mean levels of both PM2.5 and PM10 recorded in Krakow are much higher than EU limit values. Thus, the influence of particulate matter (PM) on the function of living organisms, as well as different physiological processes, is an urgent subject to be studied. The reported research forms part of the multi-disciplinary project ‘Air Pollution versus Autoimmunity: Role of multiphase aqueous Inorganic Chemistry,’ which aims to demonstrate the PM effect on the immune system. The present studies focused on the role of dust collected in Krakow on the redox cycling of vitamin B12a in the presence of ascorbic acid. Dust samples collected during the winter 2019/2020 and summer 2020 months in the city center of Krakow were characterized using various analytical techniques. The influence of Krakow dusts on the kinetics of the reaction between nitrocobalamin and ascorbic acid was confirmed and discussed in terms of the composition of the samples. Possible reasons for the reported findings are provided.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

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