scholarly journals Women's issue in the prose of the 19th century in the context of the educational process

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. e16402
Author(s):  
Inna Lipnytska ◽  
Iryna Savchenko ◽  
Inna Halak ◽  
Iryna Hryhorenko ◽  
Tetiana Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Status Of Women

The purpose of the article is to study the sources and pedagogical interpretation of the "women's question". The subject of the research is the “women's question” and its artistic realization in the novels of Marko Vovchok. The analysis of the problem was carried out by integrating the traditional methods of Russian comparative historical literary criticism with new approaches to world literary criticism - gender, sociocultural, postcolonial, and feminist. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the pedagogical views on the "women's issue" in the writer were formed and developed under the influence of communication with the Ukrainian and European intelligentsia of the 19th century. The progressive part of the intelligentsia of the second half of the XIX - early XX century advocated a change in the social status of women. Representatives of public and pedagogical opinion believed that a woman can not only be a mother, wife, housewife, she is capable of self-realization in other areas of society, for which she needs a decent education. The journalistic work on this problem of women with a possible comparative characterization of the regions of some European countries, which in the period under study were part of the Austro-Hungarian empires, deserves further study

Falling birth rate in the capitalist countries of Western Europe

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
F. G. Mukhamedyarov
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Status Of Women

The beginning of a sharp decline in the birth rate in Europe dates back to the last quarter of the 19th century, the period of the heyday of capitalism, when the exploitation of the working class takes on the most refined forms, the contradiction between the social status of women and her maternal function appears sharper and brighter.

scholarly journals Designing the social estate of odnodvortsy of the western provinces in 1831

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Constantin Vadimovich Troianowski
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article investigates the process of designing of the new social estate in imperial Russia - odnodvortsy of the western provinces. This social category was designed specifically for those petty szlachta who did not possess documents to prove their noble ancestry and status. The author analyses deliberations on the subject that took place in the Committee for the Western Provinces. The author focuses on the argument between senior imperial officials and the Grodno governor Mikhail Muraviev on the issue of registering petty szlachta in fiscal rolls. Muraviev argued against setting up a special fiscal-administrative category for petty szlachta suggesting that its members should join the already existing unprivileged categories of peasants and burgers. Because this proposal ran against the established fiscal practices, the Committee opted for creating a distinct social estate for petty szlachta. The existing social estate paradigm in Russia pre-assigned the location of the new soslovie in the imperial social hierarchy. Western odnodvortsy were to be included into a broad legal status category of the free inhabitants. Despite similarity of the name, the new estate was not modeled on the odnodvortsy of the Russian provinces because they retained from the past certain privileges (e.g. the right to possess serfs) that did not correspond to the 19th century attributes of unprivileged social estates.

Features of the Social Status of the Rayats in the Kaitag Domain of Dagestan in the Middle of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T.Ch. Dzhabaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article considers the dependent social categories of the population that existed in the mountainous possessions of Middle and Southern Dagestan in the middle of the 19th century, but occupied an unequal property and legal position in the system of productive forces. This was a consequence of their different origins and features of natural and geographical conditions. Even within individual feudal domains, the rayats of different villages served different duties. The range and volume of duties of the rayats to their feudal lords was quite extensive and voluminous. This was especially evident in the Kaitag domain of Dagestan, where their position in terms of exploitation brought them closer to the serfs of Russia. However, with all the duties performed by the rayats in relation to the becks, they could not be called serfs. The article examines the categories of the dependent class of rayats in the Lower Kaitag, the sources of their formation, and various levels of feudal dependence. On the basis of archival material, all types of duties of the Lower Kaitag rayats are analyzed, however, despite their severity, there are signs of a lack of complete enslavement of this social category.

Theological schools transformations: Tambov Seminary (the 19th century)

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Theodosius (Vasnev)
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Religious Schools ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The peculiarity of the formation and development of education in Russia is that its origin and further transformation took place in religious schools. On the example of the Tambov Seminary we show the transformation in the educational process of the 19th century. Great importance was given to such a document as a charter. In the second half of the 19th century preparations began for the transformation of seminaries in Russia. “Draft Charter of 1862” was published which received widespread discussion. In the Tambov Seminary, the discussion of this project took place in 1863 and occupied a special page in the seminary chronicle. The new charter was recognized as little successful than the previous experience of studying medicine and agriculture in seminaries. The charter defined improvement in the field of theology. The innovation was the creation of a hostel for schoolchildren, the introduction of the seminary pastor post, regular gymnastic exercises and walks in the fresh air. Literary gatherings under the guidance of a mentor were allowed. The training part also underwent changes. It was determined that the preparation of general education was 8 years and on its basis another 4 years were for studying the theological sciences. Such an educational system excluded repetition in the study of the same subjects. All these questions were the subject of open discussion in the Tambov Seminary.

scholarly journals Grundkonzepte der Pathologie in Deutschland von 1858 bis heute und der Fortschrittsbegriff in der Medizin

Gesnerus ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-263
Author(s):  
Cay-Rüdiger Prüll
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Pathology ◽  
The 19Th Century

The rise of scientific medicine in the 19th century had its origins mainly in Rudolf Virchows localistic cellular pathology. As a consequence the organism as a complex system was kept in the background. In recognition of this prob-lem, concepts of pathology, emerging in 20th century, tried in vain to establish organismic theories of illness. Pathology remained deeply indebted to Virchows work. Deficits appeared even in 19th century, when treatment of patients was mainly focussed on practicability of cure, ignoring the social background. Therefore, it is not possible to speak about progress of pathology in general, for diagnostics depends also on individual mentality, the subject, and the situation of the time.

scholarly journals OS CONTRABANDISTAS DO PENSAMENTO - IMPASSES DA CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA BRASILEIRA NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XIX

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lúcia Outeiro Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Machado De Assis ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
The 19Th Century

O esforço para criar uma crítica literária brasileira, bem como uma literatura autônoma e original, gerou uma dupla necessidade para os autores do século XIX: determinar os objetivos da crítica e estabelecer a definição e a caracterização da literatura brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como os principais críticos da fase realista-naturalista – Machado de Assis, Sílvio Romero, José Veríssimo e Araripe Júnior – posicionam-se em relação a esse duplo projeto, comparando as suas contribuições para a construção de uma epistemologia crítica, sobretudo para a definição e a caracterização da literatura brasileira e, conseqüentemente, para a fixação de um cânone que desse suporte a esses construtos. Entre as questões teóricas que direcionam a discussão do assunto proposto, destacam-se: o caráter histórico dos conceitos de literatura, periodização e literatura nacional; as complexas relações entre história, contexto cultural e discurso; e os compromissos ideológicos dos autores. Abstract The endeavour to create a Brazilian literary criticism, and also an autonomous literature, brought before the 19th century critics a double requirement: clarify the objectives aimed by criticism as well as define and characterize Brazilian literature. This work aims at examining how the realistic and naturalistic critics – Machado de Assis, Sílvio Romero, José Veríssimo e Araripe Júnior – stand with regard to that double project, by comparing their contributions for the construction of a critical epistemology, above all for the definition and characterization of Brazilian literature and, as a result, for fixing a canon that could support those constructs. Among the theoretical questions that steer the discussion about the proposed subject, the article emphasizes: the historical character of the concepts like literature, periodicity and national literature; the intricate connections between history, cultural context and discourse; and the ideological engagement of the authors.

The Social Status of the Professional Musician from the Middle Ages to the 19th Century

Notes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
William Weber ◽  
Walter Salmen
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Professional Musician ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals Verspieltes Kapital? Der gesellschaftliche Rollenwandel des Samuraistandes im Zuge der Meiji-Restauration

2021 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gröber
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Class Distinction

The change in the social role of the Samurai ranks during the Meiji RestorationThe creation of the nation state and its influence on the respective societies characterized the 19th century – not only in Europe. As a result of the Meiji Restoration, which initiated the formation of modern Japan in the 1860s, feudalism came to an end. By using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital and class distinction, the goal of this study is to illuminate and evaluate the social status of the former warrior nobility, the samurai, under these changed circumstances.

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