scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL CHANGES

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin . ◽  
Romuald Sohores ◽  
Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Highstand System Tract ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
System Tract

The continuous sea-level rise will result in conditions where the level of accommodation space is greater than that of sediment supply produced undertransgression conditions. When the sea level reaches its maximum point, the sedimentation rate will exceed the sea level rise and aggrades becomes more dominant progradation will result in new Highstand System Tract (HST) condition. Keyword: Accommodation, Sea level changes, Sedimentation, Sequence, Stratigraphy

scholarly journals The role of sea-level changes in the evolution of coastal barriers – An example from the southwestern Baltic Sea

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 095968362098170
Author(s):  
Reinhard Lampe ◽  
Matthias Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Evolution Scheme

According to a basic model, the formation of the coastal barriers in the southwestern Baltic can be divided into four evolutionary stages which are characterized by different rates of sea-level rise and varying relations between sediment supply and accommodation space. This model is tested using the example of a strandplain of the island Usedom, along with a local sea-level curve that reflects even smaller fluctuations of the water table and a detailed chronostratigraphy based on OSL measurements that allows the correlation of the morphodynamics with specific climatic phases. The resulting evolution scheme generally confirms the basic model but the timing of the stages depends on the inherited relief and has to be adjusted locally. A comparison with barriers from the W and SW Baltic region shows that the development during the past 5000 years was controlled by climate fluctuations which caused minor variations of the rather stable sea level and consequential changes in sediment supply, accommodation space and foredune deposition. Progradation decline can mainly be related to cool and windy climate phases which centered around 4.2, 2.8, 1.1, and 0.3 ka b2k, while increasing progradation correlated with warmer climate around 3.5, 2.0, and 0.9 ka b2k. The climate warming and the increasing sea-level rise in the recent past, however, led to shrinking progradation rates and may indicate a critical point beyond which the main progradation trend of the past turns into erosion.

scholarly journals Clastic facies models, a personal perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Harold G. Reading
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Facies Models

Facies models evolved from classifications that were mainly descriptive, based on observable, measureable features such as the composition and texture of sedimentary rocks. As our understanding of sedimentary processes expanded, genetic facies models were developed based on the inferred process of formation. Since individual facies cannot be interpreted in isolation, they must be studied with reference to their neighbours, emphasizing the association of facies and sequences, in particular those that coarsen and fine upward. Environmental facies models are based on the interaction of studies on modern environments and ancient rock facies. Earlier facies models tended to invoke intrinsic, autocyclic controls. The advent of sequence stratigraphy led to greater emphasis on the surfaces that separate sequences and to external allocyclic controls. These were, initially, sea-level changes; later, changes in climate, tectonic movements and sediment supply were invoked. Over time, simple, all embracing models have given way to increasingly complex ones as our knowledge of the variability of nature has increased. Complex though these models are, they are only simplifications of reality. In nature there are no models and the majority of past environments differed in some respect from any modern environment. Each environment and rock sequence is unique.

Holocene evolution of mud depocentres on a high-energy, low-accumulation shelf (NW Iberia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Lantzsch ◽  
Till J.J. Hanebuth ◽  
Vera B. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Material Source ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe high-energy, low-accumulation NW Iberian shelf features three confined Holocene mud depocentres. Here, we show that the evolution of such depocentres follows successive steps. The flooding of inner shelf zones and river catchment areas by the late deglacial sea-level rise provided the precondition for shelf mud deposition. Following this, the Holocene deceleration of the sea-level rise caused a rapid refill of the accommodation space within river valleys. Subsequently, the export of major amounts of fines was initiated. The initial onset and loci of shelf mud deposition were related to deposition-favouring conditions in mid-shelf position or to the presence of morphological highs, which act as sediment traps by providing protection against stronger hydrodynamic energy. The detailed reconstruction of the Holocene depocentre evolution shows for the first time that the expansion of such shelf mud deposits cannot only occur by linear growth off the associated sediment source. Rather, they might develop around centres that are fully disconnected from the source of original sediment supply, and expand later into specific directions. Based on these differences and on the connection of the individual mud depocentres to the material source we propose a conceptual subdivision of the group “mid-shelf mud depocentres”.

Relative sea-level changes and the development of a Cambrian transgression

1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McKie
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Condensed Section ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic

AbstractThe Lower Cambrian in northwest Scotland is one example of a Lower Palaeozoic ‘orthoquartzite-carbonate’ succession deposited on a slowly subsiding, peneplained Precambrian basement during a period of relative sea-level rise. This particular setting led to the development of a very wide, low gradient shelf which was extremely sensitive to minor sea-level changes. The basal quartz arenite section (Lower Member-Pipe Rock) is a transgressive, tide-dominated systems tract, but lacks a systematic parasequence architecture because of three factors: a fluvial sediment flux was insufficient to induce shoreline progradation, accommodation space was limited during sea-level falls (which are commonly expressed by widespread erosional surfaces), and sediment yield to the shelf by transgressive reworking was a major contributor towards the preserved stratigraphy. The storm-dominated Fucoid Beds represent a condensed section and also show the effects of rapid and widespread facies belt oscillations because of the low shelf gradient. An overlying highstand systems tract is also lacking, partly due to the absence of a large fluvial sediment yield and also due to lowstand and transgressive reworking. An erosively based tidal sandsheet at the top of the Fucoid Beds, interpreted to be a lowstand systems tract, therefore rests directly on the condensed section of the underlying sequence. This was in turn reworked into linear tidal sandbanks (Salterella Grit) during slow sea-level rise, prior to the next major transgression. The limited accommodation space therefore introduced a preservational bias towards deepening-upward trends on a parasequence and sequence scale. The oscillations in facies belts, episodic subareal exposure and the potential to remove substantial portions of systems tracts suggests that Lower Palaeozoic ‘orthoquartzite’ successions may exhibit regular and abrupt vertical shifts in depositional environment which, given their subtle lithological character, may require detailed analysis to identify. Such successions may also display incomplete development of several components of transgressive-regressive sequence architecture.

Postrift depositional evolution and sequence stratigraphy from offshore subsurface data of the Kribi-Campo subbasin (Cameroon, West African margin)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. T79-T101
Author(s):  
Joseph Bertrand Iboum Kissaaka ◽  
Joseph Marie Ntamak-Nida ◽  
François Mvondo ◽  
Paul Gustave Fowe Kwetche ◽  
Adrien Lamire Djomeni Nitcheu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
West African ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Normal Regression ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Depositional Evolution ◽  
Forced Regression

Using 2D seismic data and well logs from the Kribi-Campo subbasin in the south Cameroon margin, we have analyzed the postrift succession with the aim of deriving a chronostratigraphic chart and identifying stratigraphic traps. The Kribi-Campo subbasin related to the rifting between Africa and South America could be divided into a structurally complex eastern depocenter and a relatively less disturbed western depocenter in which a break-up unconformity approximately 107.5 Ma underlined the beginning of postrift history. We have used the modern concepts of sequence stratigraphy to identify and characterize seven second-order (SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, SS6, and SS7) sequences and one third-order (SS8) sequences grouped into three megasequences (A, B, and C) from Albian to Recent. Sequence 1 (Albian-Cenomanian) was characterized by a retrogradation overlying a lowstand progradational pattern. The SS2 (Campanian-Maastrichtian) and SS3 (Maastrichtian) sequences were deposited during a highstand normal regression. From Paleocene to Eocene, the deposition of sequences SS4–SS5 was controlled by the development of submarine fan turbiditic system related to a forced regression of coastline. From the Middle Miocene to Recent age, the SS6, SS7, and SS8 sequences have been characterized by the development of sigmoidal-oblique clinoforms of a deltaic system well observed in the northern part of the study area. We have studied a new undocumented phase of forced regression of Mio-Pliocene in age within the postrift sequence SS7. The forced regression phases are associated with the Paleogene and Neogene uplift. Relative sea-level curves were constructed and compared with the existing published curves. The processes involved in the formation of these sequences were interpreted as a combination of tectonics, sediment supply, and sea-level changes. Potential reservoirs embedded within the sequences include channel fill, shingled turbidites, slope fan, and basin-floor fan complex.

Late Quaternary sequence stratigraphy of the Mackenzie Delta

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1053-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Relative Sea Level Rise ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

The Late Wisconsinan and Holocene sequence stratigraphy of the Mackenzie Delta provides insights into the glacial history of the region. The base of the described succession is a hummocky regional reflector interpreted to be a flooding surface formed immediately after retreat of glacial ice from the Mackenzie Trough. Above this flooding surface, two progradational parasequences are present. The first, assigned to the transgressive systems tract, is correlated with the Tutsieta Lake readvance of the ice sheet at approximately 13 000 BP. A flooding surface forming the upper boundary of this parasequence extends inland to at least Inuvik, developing as a response to glacial retreat and early Holocene relative sea level rise. The second parasequence of Holocene deltaic deposits is assigned to the highstand systems tract and is characterized by progressive progradation of the delta into the Mackenzie Trough to a position seaward of the present delta coastline. A distinct reduction in gradient of the most recent delta clinoforms is consistent with other data suggesting regional transgression and is interpreted to represent the development of a healing-phase wedge. The reasons for this recent transgression are not clear, because relative sea level rise has decreased and sediment supply probably increased over the last 2000 years. Transgression may be related to decreased efficiency of channels, increased trapping of sediments by thermokarst lakes, overspill of the delta across the eastern margin of the valley, and (or) progressively greater exposure to wave action as the delta became less sheltered by the confines of the glacial valley.

scholarly journals Holocene coastal landscape development in response to rising sea level in the Central Wadden Sea coastal region

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Karle ◽  
Friederike Bungenstock ◽  
Achim Wehrmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Coastal Landscape ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Holocene Sea Level

Abstract The Holocene sea-level rise has led to significant changes in present-day coastal zones through multifold retrogradational and slightly progradational displacements of the mainland coastline. During the course of this postglacial transgression, sediments characteristic of coastal environments accumulated first in palaeovalleys of the pre-Holocene landscape and later on the subsequently developed coastal plain. Based on a compilation of sedimentological, lithological and litho-chronostratigraphical data of more than 1200 sediment cores, we generated four palaeogeographic maps of the coastal zone of the central Wadden Sea to document with a high spatial resolution the landscape changes during characteristic phases of the Holocene sea-level rise, i.e. the periods 8600–6500 cal BP, 6500–2700 cal BP, 2700–1500 cal BP and 1500–1000 cal BP. Along three cross-sections, representing different hydrodynamic conditions and exposure, we exemplify how the Holocene landscape development and sedimentary facies types are controlled by the local palaeorelief, sea-level changes, sediment supply, accommodation space, the morphodynamic impact of channel shifts, and their erosion base. This leads to a better understanding of main factors controlling the local depositional processes of the coastal landscape along the central Wadden Sea during the Holocene transgression.

scholarly journals Contributions of Organic and Mineral Matter to Vertical Accretion in Tidal Wetlands across a Chesapeake Bay Subestuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Allen ◽  
Jeffrey C. Cornwell ◽  
Andrew H. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
210Pb Dating ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Tidal Wetlands ◽  
Vertical Accretion ◽  
Inorganic Matter

Persistence of tidal wetlands under conditions of sea level rise depends on vertical accretion of organic and inorganic matter, which vary in their relative abundance across estuarine gradients. We examined the relative contribution of organic and inorganic matter to vertical soil accretion using lead-210 (210Pb) dating of soil cores collected in tidal wetlands spanning a tidal freshwater to brackish gradient across a Chesapeake Bay subestuary. Only 8 out of the 15 subsites had accretion rates higher than relative sea level rise for the area, with the lowest rates of accretion found in oligohaline marshes in the middle of the subestuary. The mass accumulation of organic and inorganic matter was similar and related (R2 = 0.37). However, owing to its lower density, organic matter contributed 1.5–3 times more toward vertical accretion than inorganic matter. Furthermore, water/porespace associated with organic matter accounted for 82%–94% of the total vertical accretion. These findings demonstrate the key role of organic matter in the persistence of coastal wetlands with low mineral sediment supply, particularly mid-estuary oligohaline marshes.

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