PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF LUFFA CYLINDRICA ON CERTAIN PATHOGENIC MICROBES.

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
Ezea Charity Chinasa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Costus woodsonii

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Mukesh S Sikarwar ◽  
Chew Khai Szeek ◽  
Neeraj Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Background: Herbal medicine mostly contains wide range of chemical compounds responsible for medicinal therapeutic use. Costus woodsonii is commonly called as Red Button Ginger and synonyms of the botanical name are Costus spiralis, Alpinia spiralis and Costus pisonis. In Malay, it is known as Setawar Halia Merah. In Chinese, it is known as Hong Bi Qiao Jiang. Objective: This research was conducted to study the pharmacognostical, phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf extracts. Method: Macroscopy, microscopy, phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of C. woodsonii leaf were carried out. Total flavonoids were estimated in the leaf extract. The total phenolic content of C. woodsonii leaf was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of leaf extract of C. woodsonii was determined by performing DPPH radical scavenging. The microbial activity was determined by Well diffusion test, MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) test. Result and Discussion: C. woodsonii belongs to costaceae with elliptical green leaves. Till now are no extensive studies on C. woodsonii. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, steroid, fat, phenol, tannin and mucilage in leaf extract. Physicochemical studies further revealed the ash value of leaf as 8.7%. Among the three extractions, alcohol extractive values showed the highest as 13%. Loss on drying at 105 degree Celsius in leaf was found to be 12.67%. The plant extract showed total phenolic content of 7.941 mg GAE/g at concentration of 5µg/ml. As for flavonoids content, plant extract showed 21.7 mg RE/g at concentration of 200µg/ml and 43.4 mg RE/g at concentration of 400µg/ml. For antioxidant activity, the plant extract showed weak antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging activity assay. For antimicrobial test, the leaf extract of C. woodsonii showed weak antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: From this study, it can conclude that C. woodsonii leaf extract possess weak antioxidant activity and weak antimicrobial activity which need to be further validated by using more antioxidant assays and antimicrobial tests.

scholarly journals Anacardium excelsum phytochemical analysis and in vitro antimicrobial activity against oral cavity microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Andrés Rojas ◽  
Clara Durango ◽  
Solanlly García ◽  
Diego Castañeda-Peláez ◽  
Dabeiba García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anacardium Excelsum

Infections of the oral cavity have a broad microbial etiological profile that varies according to each microenvironment in the mouth. Such infections often require antimicrobial treatment, which can lead to the development of resistance. There is thus a need to find new therapeutic strategies based on natural plant-derived compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical nuclei and the antimicrobial effect of Anacardium excelsum leaf and stem extracts, and of fractions derived from the leaf extract, against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 35548, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The plant material was collected from the Quindío Botanical Garden (Calarcá, Quindío-Colombia), located at an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level. Hydroalcoholic extracts of A. excelsum leaves and stems, and fractions of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract, were obtained by percolation extraction. Phytochemical nuclei were identified by thin layer chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts and fractions (at concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg / ml) against the five ATCC reference strains was evaluated using the well diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar. The leaf extract showed no antimicrobial activity against E. coli, but it did show antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans, at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, with zones of inhibition of 9 to 11 mm. The ethyl acetate and acetone fractions obtained from A. excelsum leaf extract had greatest antimicrobial activity at 10 mg/ml. In conclusion, (1) the A. excelsum leaf extract, and the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions obtained from the leaf extract, had the greatest antimicrobial activity on all the study microorganisms, and (2) the phytochemical nuclei in the fractions (ethyl acetate and acetone) were found to contain phenolic-type compounds, tannins, triterpene-type terpenes and steroidal-type terpenes, which might explain the antimicrobial activity observed.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Boerhavia procumbens

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wajid Khalil ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Achyut Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Full Screen

<p class="Abstract">Boerhavia procumbens is a medicinal herb used in the treatment of various ailments including asthma, cough and jaundice. The concentration of calcium (280.7 ± 0.0 mg/100 g, 102.3 ± 0.0 mg/100 g), potassium (240.4 ± 0.0 mg/100 g, 92.1 ± 0.0 mg/100 g), aspartic acid (30.9 ± 0.0 g/100 g, 26.1 ± 0.0 g/100 g), glutamicacid (25.2 ± 0.0 g/100 g, 17.7 ± 0.0 g/100 g) and alanine were the abundant in the stem and root than leaf while carbohydrate (79.9 ± 0.0%) was found higher in the leaf of B. procumbens. The leaf and root extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenol. Leaf extract was found to be more active against S. aureus (11.5 ± 0.3 mm), C. michiganensis (12.1 ± 0.2 mm) and F. oxysporum (23.6 ± 0.2 mm) than the root extract of B. procumbens. It is concluded that stem and root of B. procumbens contain essential nutrients and the antimicrobial study encourages the use of leaf extract for the treatment of most common microbial diseases.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>4 min 54 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/aYRZ-yPw3cA">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYRZ-yPw3cA">Alternate</a></p>

scholarly journals Phytochemical constituent and antimicrobial properties of guava extracts of east Hararghe of Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje A. Oncho ◽  
Meseret C. Ejigu ◽  
Olyad E. Urgessa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Shigella Boydii

Abstract Background There is a need for the screening more effective, affordable and readily available antimicrobial substances from local medicinal plants or herbs as the pathogenic bacteria are developing the resistance to common antibiotics. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) has antimicrobial activities and it is easily accessible to local populace in tropical region. Antimicrobial properties of guava extracts are attributed to the presence of different phytochemical constituents. The fact that phytochemicals’ constituents vary as a result of geographical locations and literatures about Ethiopian guava with respect to phytochemicals’ composition and content, and antimicrobial activities are hardly available, there is a need to analyze phytochemicals and antimicrobial properties of the Ethiopian guava from Oromia Regional State, Babile and Gursum Districts against Salmonella Typhi, Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Methods Extraction was done by maceration. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals was carried out using standard protocol and quantitative phytochemical determination was conducted using spectrophotometric and gravimetric methods. Antimicrobial activities were determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution method. Results Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroids and tannin, but the absence of flavonoid and phlobatannin in all Babile and Gursum leaf and bark extracts. Gravimetric measurement showed the highest terpenoid content of 105.00 ± 8.66 mg extract/g of powder in Gursum leaf extract. Similarly, spectrophotometric measurement showed the highest total phenol content of 0.205 ± 0.01 mg/g of the extracts as Tannic Acid Equivalent in Gursum leaf extract. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extract showed the highest 13.0 ± 6.79 mm zone of inhibition against Shigella boydii compared to that of other guava extracts. Babile leaf extract showed the lowest 2.375 ± 0.177 mg/ml minimum inhibitory concentration against Shigella boydii, while Gursum leaf extract showed the lowest 1.875 ± 0.884 mg/ml MIC against Salmonella Typhi. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroids and tannins in the all extracts, but the absence of flavonoids and phlobatannins in the all extracts and terpenoids in Babile extracts. The highest content of alkaloid and terpenoid (98.67 ± 14.43, 93.33 ± 8.82 mg extract/g of powder, respectively) were found in Babile leaf and Gursum bark extracts, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests revealed that Babile leaf extracts showed higher zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum leaf extracts, but Babile bark extracts showed lower zone of inhibition against all clinical isolates than that of Gursum bark extracts. Babile leaf extracts showed the highest zone of inhibition (13.0 ± 6.79 mm) against S. boydii, and Babile bark extracts showed the lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (1.250 ± 0.001 mg/ml) against S. Typhi. Conclusion Guava extracts from different location could be source of natural antimicrobial agents with different composition and content. In vivo antimicrobial activity, and isolation, identification and synergy of specific active compound that responsible for the antibacterial activity should be evaluated.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAF EXTRACT OF THUNBERGIA COCCINEA (FAMILY-ACANTHACEAE)

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
NARGIS SULTANA ◽  
SUMIT DAS
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Anti Fungal

Objective: To estimate the antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Thunbergia coccinea in association with phytochemical analysis. Methods: The extraction of the leaves of Thunbergia coccinea was done by using a various solvent like petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. The phytochemical constitutes are investigated by using standard methods. Antimicrobial activity of leave extract was carried out against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The anti-fungal activity of the plant extract was evaluated on Candida albicans. The testing was done by using disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition was compared with standard Amikacin for anti-bacterial activity and fluconazole for anti-fungal activity. Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis which revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, cardiac glycoside, saponin glycoside, tannin and phenolics. The antimicrobial activity of plant extract is showed significant result against all three of the test organism. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the leaf extract of Thunbergia coccinea contain various phytochemicals and possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF Brunfelsia uniflora LEAF EXTRACT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia de Cássia Thiesen ◽  
Itaruã Marchri Colla ◽  
Glacy Jaqueline Silva ◽  
Mariane Gamba Kubiak ◽  
Maria Graciela Iecher Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Finding bioactive compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant capacity from natural sources has been a challenge., mainly due to the increase in microbial resistance. This study aimed at prospecting the main classes of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Brunfelsia uniflora leaf extract. The ethanolic extract was obtained by dynamic maceration with solvent, and the antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by broth microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis of B. uniflora leaf extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins and alkaloids. The extract presented minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 mg/mL for E. coli. The 1.49 mg/mL extract concentration inhibited 50% of free radicals in the DPPH solution at 60 µM. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of this plant extract were the basis of studies to develop applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries.

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