scholarly journals Design, Production Cost, and Air Flow Distribution of Biomass Pellet Furnace

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Heru Sutanto ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Wibawa Endra Juwana ◽  
Tito Gusti Nurrohim
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Gas Velocity ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Green Fuels ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biomass Pellet

Biomass attracts a great deal of attention to be converted into green fuels in the form of pellets. The furnace is needed to burn pellets to generate heat up to 300 kW. In addition to meeting the heat capacity needs of the small and medium-sized industries, furnaces must also be competitive in terms of price. The purpose of this study is therefore to obtain details of the cost of manufacturing the furnace and the model of air flow that occurs in the furnace. The cost of production of the furnace includes manufacturing costs, assembly costs, machining and repair costs. The findings revealed that the key portion of the cost of the furnace was a material cost of 77%. The findings of the simulation showed that the total pressure difference of up to 850 Pa and had to be resolved by air-supplying blowers. The gas velocity ranges from 2 to 10 m/s and rises significantly near the exit to 42 m/s.

Experimental investigation of the air flow in a simplified underhood environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110597
Author(s):  
Randi Franzke ◽  
Simone Sebben ◽  
Emil Willeson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Laser Doppler Anemometry ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Lateral Direction

In this paper, a simplified underhood environment is proposed to investigate the air flow distribution in a vehicle-like set-up and provide high quality measurement data that can be used for the validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic methods. The rig can be equipped with two types of front openings representative for electrified vehicles. Furthermore, it is possible to install differently shaped blockages downstream of the fan to imitate large underhood components. The distance between the blockages and the fan can be varied in longitudinal and lateral direction. The measurements are performed with Laser Doppler Anemometry at a fixed distance downstream of the fan. The results show that the lack of an upper grille opening in the configuration for a battery electric vehicle has a notable impact on the flow field in the reference case without any downstream blockage. However, the differences in the flow field between the two front designs become less when a downstream obstruction is present. The longitudinal and lateral position of the blockages have a minor impact on the flow field compared to the shape of the obstacle itself.

scholarly journals Measurement of Air Flow Outside a Burning Cigarette during a Puff using Particle Image Velocimetry

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
A Nagao ◽  
K Miura ◽  
S Kitao ◽  
M Horio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Cigarette Paper

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism for the generation of cigarette smoke, the combustion mechanism of a burning cigarette during a puff was investigated by focusing on air transfer. In particular, the air flow distribution outside a burning cigarette was observed and related to the aerodynamic effects of the cigarette paper and the puffing rate. The air flow rate was measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), using olive oil droplets as the tracer particles. It was found that air does not flow into the tip of the burning cigarette and that the air flow was concentrated at the region -2 to 2 mm around the cigarette paper char-line. This behavior was independent of the cigarette paper basis weight. When the puffing rate was changed from 2.5 to 35 mL/s, the air flow was concentrated at a region close to the cigarette paper char-line and the maximum velocity around the cigarette paper char-line increased with the puffing rate.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Cost Components in Select Pharmaceutical Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The purpose in this paper is to identify the cost components which are vital in consideration towards manufacturing especially in pharmaceutical companies. The manufacturing costs are significant in total expenses in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a thorough investigation on the cost components and the trend in expenses and operating profit of pharma companies are studied, giving due regard to cost components to have understanding and to find out how they may differ among various types of pharma companies. The data published in the annual reports from 2009 to 2018 of top five pharmaceutical companies based on their annual revenues has been selected for further diagnosis. The analysis reveals that manufacturing costs are different for all the five companies. The study also reveals that there is a considerable indication that the companies are conscious on the much-needed health benefits to the society in the future at an affordable cost

The Problem of Exceeding the Cost of Construction and New Opportunities to Solve it at the Stage of Project Preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Oparin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Capital Repair ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Technology Pricing

The article discusses the problem of exceeding the planned cost of construction, sources of origin and ways to manage the risk of the need for additional financing of construction at the stage of project preparation. The possibilities of solving the problem by substantiating the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs on the basis of the process approach and the digital model of distributed risk assessment are considered. In order to improve the reliability of determining the cost of construction, the dependence of the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs, risk cost and risk degree is determined. An example is given of substantiating the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs in the composition of the summary budget calculation of capital repair of the 1st Yelagin bridge over the Srednyaya Nevka river in Saint-Petersburg taking into account project design, production, technology, pricing, contractual and inflationary risk factors.

Research on the air flow distribution law on the driving face based on wall-attached jet dust control

2020 ◽  
Vol 360 ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Shugang Cao ◽  
Dewen Li ◽  
Jinjun Sui ◽  
Kui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Distribution Law

scholarly journals The Effect of Multi-staged Swirling Fluidized Bed on Air Flow Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 012194
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Ikman Ishak ◽  
M. U. Rosli ◽  
Nur Musfirah Musa ◽  
Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution
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