ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEKUATAN MENGIKAT PRA KONTRAK DALAM HUKUM KONTRAK DI INDONESIA DENGAN HUKUM KONTRAK DI EROPA KONTINENTAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rida Halimah , ◽  
Pranoto ,
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Law System ◽  
Principles Of Justice

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to determine the Comparison of the Binding Strength of Pre-Contract in Contract Laws <br />in Indonesia with Contract Laws in European Countries. This research is prescriptive normative legal <br />writing using the source of legal materials, whether in the form of primary legal materials and secondary <br />legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials in this research is by way of literature study <br />through the collection of legislation, books, and other supporting documents. In the writing of this law, the <br />authors use case approach, comparative approach and conceptual approach and using the technique of <br />legal source analysis by syllogistic method through deductive thinking pattern. Based on the results of the <br />research that the authors did, it was found that the contract law in Indonesia related to the pre-contract <br />arrangement is still unclear while in Europe it is clearer and more assertive, Indonesia tends to still follow <br />the classical theoretical view that good faith should be applied at the stage of contract implementation, <br />countries in Europe have embraced the modern contract theory’s view that good faith must already exist <br />in the pre-contract stage. Pre-contract is not specifically regulated in Indonesian legislation, especially in <br />the Civil Code the absence of regulation on pre-contract making the binding of preband contracts vague, <br />there is a prominent difference in the jurisprudence of pre-contract. The results of this study suggest that <br />the law of Indonesia more firmly in regulating the pre-contract should refer to European countries because <br />Indonesia and Europe have in common that is the civil law law system. Thus, although Indonesia does <br />not specifically have written rules in legislation but Indonesia can expressly decide on pre-contract based <br />on the principles of justice and trust.<br />Keyword: Good Faith; Classical Theory; Modern Theory; Pre-contract.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perbandingan Kekuatan Mengikat Pra kontrak Dalam Hukum <br />Kontrak  Di  Indonesia  Dengan  Hukum  kontrak  di  Negara-negara  Eropa.  Penelitian  ini  merupakan <br />penulisan hukum normatif yang bersifat preskiptif dengan menggunakan sumber bahan-bahan hukum, <br />baik yang berupa bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum <br />dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara studi kepustakaan melalui pengumpulan peraturan perundang-<br />undangan, buku, dan dokumen lain yang mendukung. Dalam penulisan hukum ini, penulis menggunakan <br />pendekatan  kasus,  pendekatan  komparatif  dan  pendekatan  konseptual  serta  menggunakan  teknik <br />analisis sumber hukum dengan metode silogisme melalui pola pemikiran deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil <br />penelitian yang penulis lakukan, ditemukan bahwa Hukum kontrak di Indonesia terkait pengaturan pra <br />kontrak masih belum jelas sedangkan di eropa sudah lebih jelas dan lebih tegas, Indoesia cenderung <br />masih mengikuti pandangan teori klasik bahwa itikad baik harus diterapkan pada tahap pelaksanaan <br />kontrak sedangkan pada negara-negara di Eropa sudah menganut pandangan teori kontrak modern <br />yakni itikad baik harus sudah ada pada tahap pra kontrak.. Pra kontrak tidak diatur secara khusus dalam <br />peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, khususnya dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata <br />(KUH Perdata) tidak adanya pengaturan mengenai pra kontrak membuat kekuatan mengikat pra kontrak <br />menjadi samar, terdapat perbedaan yang menonjol dalam yurisprudensi mengenai pra kontrak. Hasil <br />penelitian ini menyarankan agar hukum Indonesia lebih tegas dalam mengatur pra kontrak sebaiknya <br />mengacu pada negara-negara Eropa karena Indonesia dan Eropa mempunyai kesamaan yakni menganut <br />sistem hukum civil law. Dengan begitu meskipun Indonesia tidak secara khusus memiliki aturan tertulis <br />dalam perundang-undangan namun Indonesia bisa secara tegas memutuskan mengenai pra kontrak <br />dengan berlandaskan asas keadilan dan kepercayaan.  <br />Kata Kunci: Itikad Baik; Teori Klasik; Teori Modern; Pra kontrak</p>

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HAK PATEN (Studi Komparatif Lingkup Perlindungan di Berbagai Negara)

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Sutarman Yodo
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Patent Owner ◽  
Law System ◽  
United State ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe differences of the legal system that patent scope protection in various countries, not only importing for new investment but determine the process of transfers of the technology of a state. Widespread protection cause transfers of technology become not easy eventhought less protection cause patent owner quit being lost. Both difference intention results in the need of comparative study on protection scope of the patent in countries. There are two problems should be explored, first what is the difference and similarity scope patent protection in the state's regulation and the second how legal system influenced to the differ occurrence? These problems used research methods that are statute approach and comparative approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. Result research found patent protection in Europe countries, United State, Japan, and Indonesia had similarity in protection requirement regulated such novelty, inventive step, and industrial applied. However, United State protection base on first to invent meanwhile other state based on first to file. Then scope of patent protection there has Germany applied the widest protection, then United State, and Japan, then Netherland. Mean England as the limited protection country. The difference patent protection is influenced by the legal system such common law that more referred to the precedent than civil law system with its codification. Germany is the only one country applied rigid codification on patent protection. Means, Indonesia formulated the of patent protection that is still limited related to the limited cases resolved in court. Keywords: Patent Right, Scope Protection, Comparative Law.AbstrakPerbedaan sistem hukum perlindungan lingkup paten di berbagai negara, tidak hanya mengimpor investasi baru namun juga menentukan proses transfer teknologi suatu negara. Perlindungan yang meluas menyebabkan transfer teknologi menjadi tidak mudah walaupun kurangnya perlindungan karena pemilik paten mengalami kerugian. Kedua perbedaan niat tersebut menghasilkan perlunya studi komparatif tentang cakupan perlindungan paten di negara-negara. Ada dua masalah yang harus dijajaki, pertama apa perbedaan dan kesamaan cakupan perlindungan paten dalam peraturan negara dan yang kedua bagaimana sistem hukum mempengaruhi kejadian yang berbeda? Masalah ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian pendekatan statuta menyeluruh dan pendekatan komparatif, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menemukan perlindungan paten di negara-negara Eropa, Amerika Serikat, Jepang, dan Indonesia memiliki kesamaan dalam persyaratan proteksi yang mengatur hal baru, langkah inventif, dan penerapan industri. Namun, perlindungan di Amerika Serikat pada awalnya untuk menciptakan sementara basis negara lain berdasarkan berkas pertama. Kemudian ruang lingkup proteksi paten di sana telah ada Jerman menerapkan proteksi terluas, kemudian Amerika Serikat, dan Jepang, lalu Belanda. Berarti Inggris sebagai negara perlindungan terbatas. Perbedaan proteksi paten dipengaruhi oleh sistem hukum common law yang lebih mengacu pada precedent daripada civil law dengan kodifikasinya. Jerman adalah satu-satunya negara yang menerapkan kodifikasi yang kaku terhadap perlindungan paten. Berarti, Indonesia merumuskan cakupan proteksi paten yang masih terbatas yang terkait dengan terbatasnya kasus yang diselesaikan di pengadilan. Kata kunci: Hak Paten, Perlindungan Ruang Lingkup, Hukum Komparatif

scholarly journals Peran Yurisprudensi dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Law System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Civil Law System

Karakteristik sistem hukum common law adalah hukum yang berorientasi kepada kasus (case-law), sedangkan sistem civil law, hukum berorientasi kepada undang-undang (codified-law). Namun peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai basis legalitas hukum dalam tradisi Rechtstaats, memiliki keterbatasan tersendiri. Peraturan perundang-undangan tidak pernah mengatur secara lengkap dan detail bagaimana pemenuhan aturan hukum dalam setiap peristiwa hukum, oleh karenanya yurisprudensi lah yang akan melengkapinya. Selain untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum, yurisprudensi merupakan instrumen hukum dalam rangka menjaga kepastian hukum. Tulisan ini berusaha mengkaji kedudukan yurisprudensi dikaitkan dengan tugas dan fungsi MK sebagai pengawal konstitusi, bukan sebagai penegak undang-undang. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan pendekatan perbandingan. Kesimpulan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa yurisprudensi merupakan salah satu sumber hukum yang penting dalam tradisi civil law. Setiap diskursus tentang yurisprudensi dalam tradisi civil law mengisyaratkan bahwa tradisi civil law mengakui hukum selain yang tertuang dalam bentuk undang-undang, juga terdapat hukum yang bersumber dari hukum hakim (judge made law) (rechtstersrecht) yang lebih dikenal dengan nama yurisprudensi (jurisprudentierecht).The characteristics of the common law legal system are case-law, whereas the civil law system, the law is codified-law. However, legislation as the basis of legal legality in the tradition of Rechtstaats, has its own limitations. Legislation never regulates in full and detail how compliance with the laws in every legal circumtances, therefore it is jurisprudence that will complement it. In addition to filling a legal vacuum, jurisprudence is a key legal instrument in order to maintain legal certainty. This paper seeks to examine the position of jurisprudence associated with the duties and functions of the Constitutional Court as a guardian of the constitution, not merely as statute enforcement. The analytical method used is a literature study with a comparative approach. The conclusion obtained in this study is that jurisprudence is an important source of law in the civil law tradition. Any discourse on jurisprudence in the civil law tradition implies that the civil law tradition recognizes law other than those contained in statutes, there is also a law that comes from judge made law (rechtstersrecht) better known as jurisprudence (jurisprudentierecht).

YURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THEORY OF THEORY OF ETHICAL FACILITIES DUTIES LAW COMPETITION COMPETITION IN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Nandi Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Dominant Firm ◽  
Rule Of Reason ◽  
Sherman Act ◽  
Theory Of Theory

Indonesian competition law today requires a renewal of one of them concerning the doctrine of essential facilities duties. The doctrine essential facilities duties is a doctrine imposed on a dominant business actor who has access to essential facilities to provide access for competing business actors to use the facility. Regulation of essential facilities duties are needed to reduce dominance of a dominant firm in a particular market. This study uses a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and a comparative approach between the arrangements in the United States, Europe and Indonesia. The approach is expected to illustrate, harmonize problems arising, and provide better legal protection in the world of business competition. The doctrine essential facilities duties were first applied in the United States and then followed by European countries. The doctrine of essential facilities duties in the United States is based on the sherman act and uses theapproach rule of reason. The doctrine of essential facilities duties in European countries based on EC focuses on refusal to deal. The doctrine of essential facilities duties is explicitly implied in Law No. 5 of 1999. From this study it is concluded that the regulation on essential facilities duties in Law No. 5 of 1999 still can not provide a good legal protection for business competition in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The principle of good faith and fair dealing in English contract law

Pravovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-325
Author(s):  
Jan Halberda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Fair Dealing ◽  
Objective Sense ◽  
English Law

Given that continental civil law scholarship applies the concept of good faith in either a subjective (honesty in fact) or objective sense (good faith and fair dealing), the present article focuses on the latter one. The traditional view in England and Wales discards the recognition of a general principle of good faith and fair dealing in English law. English courts have adopted a piecemeal solutions approach (as shown by the judicial decisions issued in Interfoto Picture Library (1987) and Walford v. Miles (1992)). Meanwhile, the principle in question, along with the concept of the freedom of contract, is one of the most important principles of the continental civil law tradition (cf. art. 1104 of the French Civil Code, § 157, § 242 of the German Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, art. 2 (1) of the Swiss Zivilgesetzbuch, art. 6:2 Burgerlijk Wetboek, art. 5 of the Polish Civil Code, art. 2 (1) Common European Sales Law, art. 1:201 Principles of European Contract Law, art. III1:103 Draft Common Frame of Reference). The current work analyzes recent English case law (in particular Yam Seng (2013)), which seems to acknowledge the principle of good faith and fair dealing while rejecting the traditional view mentioned above. The comparative approach — references to American, and Commonwealth law, as well as to that of particular European states — is taken into account. The author claims that hostility to the concept of good faith in an objective sense in English law is superficial. One may expect that in the near future courts in England and Wales will follow the path taken by courts in the United States (§ 205 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (1981)), Australia (Renard Constructions (1992)) and Canada (Bhasin v. Hrynew (2014)), and they will finally recognize good faith as an underlying principle.

scholarly journals Legal institutions securing socially recognised rightsof the subjects participating in legal transactions, based on the example of legitimate expectative

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Joanna Bocianowska
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
General System ◽  
The State ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Law System ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Polish Law

The article “Legal Institutions Securing Socially Recognised Rights of the Subjects Participating in Legal Transactions, Based on the Example of Legitimate Expectative” sheds light on the concept of legitimate expectative as a separate right. It gives arguments in favor of qualifying this type of right as legitimate since it protects legally important issues connected with the transactions undertaken by the participants of the market. The article also draws attention to the decisions of the international tribunals and the European legislatives that grant the position of the legitimate expectative in the general system of law. Coined by the German doctrine of law under the names: Anwartschaft, Wartenrecht and Zwischenrecht, the notion of expectative becomes widely recognised in other European countries, also in Poland, which is highlighted in the text. The protection of the said right in the Polish law system is mainly guaranteed by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal, in the described in the article decisions of 1989, 1993 and 1996. The topic of the article is not only the analysis of the said right of expectative but it also aims at a more general issue which is the creation of the new rights in very traditional civil law systems, especially in the Polish one. The summary of the analysis shown in the article leads to the conclusion that new rights and regulations are necessary, and the source of them should stem from the needs of the society, not the needs of the state.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Asuransi terhadap Risiko Pelaksanaan Jabatan Notaris

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Noor Asufie ◽  
Yulia Qamariyanti ◽  
Rachmadi Usman
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Public Official ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Conducting Research

A notary is a public official appointed by an authorized official who plays a role in the field of civil law. The authority of the Notary is regulated in Article 15 of Act Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning Acts of Notary Position. Regarding the authority of the Notary as a public official (openbaar ambtenaar) who has the authority to make authentic deeds can be burdened with responsibility for the authentic deed he made. The need for legal protection for Notaries against these risks, it is necessary to have an insurance / notary position insurance as a way of transferring risk. The legal problems that occur are the absence of an insurance product / Notary position insurance and the form of insurance / notary position insurance. The purpose of this study is to identify the urgency and form of insurance / coverage of the Notary Position. Legal research conducted is normative legal research by conducting research on the legal system. Legal research conducted by the author using a legislative approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The urgency of the use of insurance protection / coverage of the Notary position is an important one as a way of transferring the risks faced by Notaries and as a form of maximum legal protection for Notaries in the execution of positions. The use of insurance / coverage against the risk of implementing a Notary can be in the form of Professional insurance more specifically in the form of Notary insurance which is part of insurance / general coverage which is insurance / loss coverage in the form of new products made by insurance companies / insurance as fulfillment of insurance / insurance needs for Notary in carrying out the position of Notary

scholarly journals An Obligation to Represent and Disclose Material Facts as a Good Faith in Life Insurance Contract

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Mokhamad Khoirul
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Exercise Habit ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
Fundamental Information

Abstract This study aims to analyze an obligation of explaining and revealing material facts and identify any kinds of violation of good faith in life insurance contract. It uses several approaches including statute approach, comparative approach, and conceptual approach. The result defines material facts as any kinds of facts the insurer needs in order to make decision whether accepting or objecting the possible risks assigned. The insurer needs to accurately and completely know the insured’s personal data and medical records, including disease suffered, smoking habits, and even an extreme exercise habit such as paragliding. Kinds of violation probably done by the insured can be in the form of (1) misrepresentation, which includes giving incorrect statement but not intentionally conducted (i.e., innocent) and providing incorrect explanation intentionally (i.e., fraudulent) due to personal benefit; (2) non-disclosure, which includes neither revealing the facts nor telling any fundamental information other parties need to know, not due to deliberateness but rather probably due to ignorance or innocence, and intentionally hiding particular facts in order to get personal benefits (concealment).

scholarly journals Analisis Yuridis Konsep Omnibus Law dalam Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nyoman Nidia Sari Hayati ◽  
Sri Warjiyati ◽  
Muwahid
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach

ABSTRAK Indonesia sebagai negara yang menganut sistem hukum civil law memiliki banyak sekali peraturan perundang-undangan mulai pusat sampai daerah. Dampaknya banyak terjadi tumpang tindih peraturan perundang-undangan baik secara vertikal maupun horizontal. Untuk menata peraturan perundang-undangan yang tumpang tindih diperlukan adanya harmonisasi. Konsep omnibus law telah berhasil diterapkan di beberapa negara yang kebanyakan menganut sistem common law, namun Indonesia yang menganut sistem hukum civil law masih baru mengenal istilah ini. Dengan demikian permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimna konsep omnibus law dalam membangun harmonisasi perundangan dan apa saja hambatan yang dialami apabila konsep ini diterapkan di Indonesia.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap semua bahan dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil dari penilitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harmonisasi perundang-undangan sangat penting dilakukan untuk pembangunan hukum dan demi terciptanya kepastian hukum di Indonesia. Namun untuk membuat Undang-Undang dengan konsep omnibus law memerlukan kajian mendalam dan melibatkan banyak pihak demi transparansi pembentukannya dupaya tidak menimbulkan permasalahan- permasalahan dan merugikan publik.  Kata kunci: Omnibus Law, Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan.  

scholarly journals Keberlakuan Yurisprudensi pada Kewenangan Pengujian Undang-Undang dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oly Viana Agustine
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Law System ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Republic

Keberlakuan yurisprudensi sebagai salah satu sumber hukum yang diakui di Indonesia selalu menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian. Indonesia yang terpengaruh dengan sistem hukum civil law pada dasarnya tidak mengikatkan diri pada yurisprudensi. Namun apabila ada putusan yang dianggap kontradiksi dengan putusan sebelumnya menjadi perdebatan mengenai bagaimana keberlakuan yurisprudensi yang telah ada. Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai salah satu pelaku kekuasaan kehakiman memiliki kewenangan melakukan pengujian undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Dalam kewenangannya tersebut, terkadang Mahkamah Konstitusi dibenturkan dengan putusan terdahulu yang telah menjadi landmark namun tidak diikuti. Dengan kata lain, terdapat kontradiksi antara putusan yang terdahulu dengan putusan yang ada saat ini. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilihat bagaimana keberlakuan yurisprudensi pada pengujian undang-undang dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Kesimpulan yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa yurisprudensi adalah sumber hukum yang dapat menjadi rujukan dalam memutus suatu perkara pengujian undang-undang namun tidak mengikat hakim untuk menyimpanginya berdasarkan alasan yang logis sesuai dengan pinsip the judiciary independence dan judiciary accountability serta konsepsi the living constitution.The enforceability of jurisprudence as one of the recognized legal sources in Indonesia is a compelling research topic. Indonesia that uses the civil law on law system does not bind to jurisprudence. Nevertheless, if there is a decision that is contradictory to the previous one, that will be a debate over how the enforceability of the existed jurisprudence. The Constitutional Court as one of the judicial authority has the authority to examine the law against the Constitution 1945 of the State of the Republic of Indonesia. In its authority, the Constitutional Court is bumped by a previous decision which has become a landmark but was not followed. In other words, there is a contradiction between the previous decision and the present decision. This research will see how the enforceability of jurisprudence on the judicial review in the decision of the Constitutional Court. The analysis method used is literature study using case study approach. The conclusion available in this study is that jurisprudence is a source of law that can be a reference in a union of judicial review cases but not bound by judges to deviate based on logical reasons in the judiciary independence and judiciary accountability as well as the conception of the living constitution.

scholarly journals Elaboration, Collaboration, And Contribution Of Traditional Law In Indonesian National Legal System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Michelle Angelika S ◽  
Hanna Wijaya ◽  
Yana Sylvana
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Law System ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Law System

Indonesia uses customary Law as positive Law in the archipelago, is obeyed and implemented as a custom, from generation to generation respected by the community as a national tradition. As a rule of Law, Indonesia adheres to many legal systems at the same time that lives and develops in society, namely the civil law system and the customary law system. All these legal systems are complementary, harmonious, and romantic. As the original Law that grows and develops from community habits, Customary Law affects the process of law enforcement in Indonesia. The values ​​contained in customary Law in Indonesia were used in the formation of jurisprudence in the Supreme Court. This paper will explain how customary Law, which has an "unwritten" character, can fill the Indonesian civil law system's legal gap. This paper's research method is a normative legal research method and uses several approaches, namely the statutory approach, the comparative approach, and the historical approach. This paper concludes that legal pluralism in Indonesia can be a solution to the legal gap created by the rigidity of civil law application.

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