scholarly journals Measurements of Non-Grinding Forces and Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Zhongde Shi ◽  
◽  
Helmi Attia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Spindle Motor ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Grinding Fluid ◽  
Actual Material

Grinding forces and power are important parameters for evaluating grinding process performance, and they are typically measured in grinding experiments. Forces are typically measured using a load cell or a dynamometer, whereas power is measured using an electrical power sensor to monitor the power of the spindle motor. Direct readings of the measurements include the net grinding force and power components for material removal and non-grinding components such as the impingement of a grinding fluid. Therefore, the net components must be extracted from the direct readings. An approach to extracting the net grinding forces and power is to perform additional spark-out grinding passes with no down feed. The forces and power recorded in a complete spark-out pass are used as the non-grinding components. Subsequently, the net grinding components are obtained by subtracting the non-grinding components from the corresponding totals for actual grinding passes. The approach becomes less accurate when large depths of cut, particularly large depths of cut and short grinding lengths, are involved. A new experimental approach is developed in this study to measure the non-grinding force and power components and to extract the net components. Compared with the existing approach, the new approach is more accurate for grinding with large depths of cut or short grinding lengths. In this approach, two additional grinding passes on an easy-to-grind material, one with and the other without a grinding fluid, are conducted using the same setup and condition as those in the actual test material to measure the forces and power for obtaining the non-grinding components. Subsequently, these non-grinding components are used as the non-grinding components of the actual material and subtracted from the total force and power components of the actual material to obtain the net values. To illustrate the application of the approach, surface grinding experiments are conducted to collect the forces and power. The extracted net power is consistent with the power predicted with the extracted net forces.

Effects of Grinding Fluid Excited by Ultrasonic Vibration

2016 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
pp. 308-312
Author(s):  
Hieu Nguyen Trung ◽  
Jun Ishimatsu ◽  
Hiromi Isobe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Cavitation Bubble ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Impulsive Force ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Fluid ◽  
Vacant Space

Ultrasonic excited fluid has been researched for machining of hard-to-grind materials. Ultrasonic vibration is applied to grinding fluid by an ultrasonic oscillating comb-shape effecter with integrated nozzle. Grinding fluid discharges from a nozzle placed between the comb’s feet and passes through the vacant space between comb teeth. By this setup, flowing grinding fluid can be continuously excited by ultrasonic vibration. Based on the principle of an ultrasonic washing machine, impulsive force caused by cavitation bubble will reduce the adhesion of chips on the cutting face of grain and chip pockets. Some effects of ultrasonic excited grinding fluid have been recorded such as reducing grinding heat in the case of grinding for Titanium alloy and decreasing in grinding force, improving surface roughness in the case of grinding for Aluminum and stainless alloy. However, the reason of better grinding performance is still unknown. Therefore, experiments conducted with different type of grinding fluids with and without ultrasonic vibration are needed. Pure Titanium, which considered a hard-to-cut material, is chosen as work material. Grinding forces and grinding heat during grinding will be measured and evaluated to clarify the mechanism of ultrasonic excited grinding fluid.

Comparison of Lead, Copper and Aluminium as Gamma Radiation Shielding Material through Experimental Measurements and Simulation Using MCNP Version 4c

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20193-20206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Akhlak Bin Aziz ◽  
Md. Faisal Rahman ◽  
Md. Mahidul Haque Prodhan
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Simulation Monte Carlo ◽  
Shielding Material ◽  
Code Version

The paper compares  Lead, Copper and Aluminium as gamma radiation shielding material using both experimental and simulation techniques. Cs- 137 (662KeV), Na-22 (511KeV) and Na- 22(1274KeV) were used as gamma radiation sources and a sodium iodide (NaI) detector was used to detect the radiation. Variations were noted for detected gamma count rates by changing shielding material thickness. In the experimental approach, thickness was varied by placing sheets of a particular test material one by one. For simulation, Monte Carlo n- Particle (MCNP) code version 4c was used and the geometry of the whole experimental setup was plotted in it. The results were then compared for each test material and it was found that lead is the best shielding material for gamma radiation followed by copper and aluminium.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Grinding Force of Zirconia Ceramics in Dry/Wet Grinding Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Junping Zhang ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Songhua Li ◽  
Han Tao
Keyword(s):  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Linear Speed ◽  
Wet Grinding ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Force Ratio

The impacts of different linear speed of grinding wheel, grinding depth and workpiece feed speed with or without grinding fluid on grinding force were studied by plane grinding machining of zirconia ceramics. The impacts of different machining environment and grinding parameter on normal and tangential grinding forceswere studied by testing the grinding force during grinding with a force measuring device. The studies showed that the normal and tangential grinding forces decrease with the increase of the linear speed of grinding wheel and increase with the improvement of grinding depth and workpiece feed speed. The grinding depth has the greatest impacts on the normal and tangential grinding forces in dry grinding environment; while in wet grinding environment, the grinding depth exerts the greatest impacts on the normal grinding force and the linear speed of grinding wheel imposes the greatest impacts on the tangential grinding force. In addition, it was found that the normal grinding force in dry grinding is minor than that in wet grinding, that the tangential grinding force in dry grinding is greater than that in wet grinding, and that the grinding force ratio in dry grinding is lower than that in wet grinding.

scholarly journals Dimensioning a Call Center: Simulation or Queue Theory?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Carino Bouzada
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Queue Theory ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this paper is to establish a dichotomy - opposing analytical methods (such as Queue Theory) to experimental methods (such as Simulation) and discussing their adequateness to complex operations - set up in the matter of dimensioning the handling capacity of a large brazilian call centers company. The literature related to the application of such methods at call centers is reviewed, and the way the question is treated nowadays by the company is described. Then an experimental approach is suggested to be implemented as an alternative methodology to deal with the issue, instead of the analytical method in use. The results obtained are used to justify the adequacy of the experimental approach to the modern call centers operation, as long as it is possible to have the model closer to reality. The main implication points to a better understanding of the operation achieved with the new approach

Study on Critical Ductile Grinding Depth of Nano ZrO2 Ceramics by the Aid of Ultrasonic Vibration

2006 ◽  
Vol 304-305 ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Hui Xiang ◽  
Y.P. Ma ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Ultrasonic Machining ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Ductile Grinding ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Ductile Removal

The crack extension course and ductile removal mechanism of nano ZrO2 ceramics were analyzed in this paper. On the basis of contrast tests with or without ultrasonic vibration, the influences of critical ductile grinding depth on grinding forces and surface quality were studied by dynamometer, SEM and AFM in different grinding condition. The reason for the increase of the critical grinding depth was discussed based on the analysis of grinding force and ultrasonic vibration course. At last, the formation mechanism of surface topography observed by AFM in ductile domain was analyzed. The research indicated that ultrasonic machining could obtain nano finished surface with high efficient.

Bioelectricity: a new approach to provide the electrical power from vegetative and fruits at off-grid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3161-3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Khan ◽  
Lovelu Hassan ◽  
A. K. M. Obaydullah ◽  
S. M. Azharul Islam ◽  
M. A. Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
New Approach

Development of Three-Dimensional Dynamometer for Wafer Grinder

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Long Zhu ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Yong Qing Wang ◽  
Dong Ming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Good Repeatability

Grinding forces during grinding silicon wafer have great influences on the accuracy, surface quality and grinding yield of the wafer. It is necessary to develop an accurate and reliable grinding dynamometer for measuring and monitoring the grinding process of the large and thin wafer. In this work, a new 3D (three-dimensional) grinding dynamometer using piezoelectric sensors is designed and developed, which is used for a wafer grinder based on wafer rotating grinding method. The calibrating experiments of the 3D grinding dynamometer are carried out. The FEA and modal analysis are made and compared with the results of mode testing. Furthermore, the static performance parameters of the dynamometer are obtained from the loading experiment. The experiment results indicate that the 3D grinding dynamometer can measure axial, radial and tangential grinding force of grinding wheel with high sensitivity, good linearity, good repeatability and high natural frequency, and fully satisfied requirement for measuring and monitoring of the grinding force in wafer grinding process.

scholarly journals Backbone cup – a structure design competition based on topology optimization and 3D printing

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. A1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hong Zhu ◽  
Kai-Ke Yang ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
Testing Approach

This paper addresses a structure design competition based on topology optimization and 3D Printing, and proposes an experimental approach to efficiently and quickly measure the mechanical performance of the structures designed using topology optimization. Since the topology optimized structure designs are prone to be geometrically complex, it is extremely inconvenient to fabricate these designs with traditional machining. In this study, we not only fabricated the topology optimized structure designs using one kind of 3D Printing technology known as stereolithography (SLA), but also tested the mechanical performance of the produced prototype parts. The finite element method is used to analyze the structure responses, and the consistent results of the numerical simulations and structure experiments prove the validity of this new structure testing approach. This new approach will not only provide a rapid access to topology optimized structure designs verifying, but also cut the turnaround time of structure design significantly.

scholarly journals Study on Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Grinding Force and Surface Quality in Ultrasonic Assisted Micro End Grinding of Silica Glass

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jianhua ◽  
Zhao Yan ◽  
Zhang Shuo ◽  
Tian Fuqiang ◽  
Guo Lanshen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Diamond Wheel ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Grinding Parameters ◽  
Ductile Machining

Ultrasonic vibration assisted micro end grinding (UAMEG) is a promising processing method for micro parts made of hard and brittle materials. First, the influence of ultrasonic assistance on the mechanism of this processing technology is theoretically analyzed. Then, in order to reveal the effects of ultrasonic vibration and grinding parameters on grinding forces and surface quality, contrast grinding tests of silica glass with and without ultrasonic assistance using micro radial electroplated diamond wheel are conducted. The grinding forces are measured using a three-component dynamometer. The surface characteristics are detected using the scanning electron microscope. The experiment results demonstrate that grinding forces are significantly reduced by introducing ultrasonic vibration into conventional micro end grinding (CMEG) of silica glass; ultrasonic assistance causes inhibiting effect on variation percentages of tangential grinding force with grinding parameters; ductile machining is easier to be achieved and surface quality is obviously improved due to ultrasonic assistance in UAMEG. Therefore, larger grinding depth and feed rate adopted in UAMEG can lead to the improvement of removal rate and machining efficiency compared with CMEG.

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