Flood Vulnerability Assessment in Northwestern Areas of Tehran

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706
Author(s):  
Manijeh Ghahroudi Tali ◽  
◽  
Jamileh Tavakolinia ◽  
Anita Majidi Heravi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Map

Many factors affect the flood vulnerability of the northwestern areas of Tehran. Urban infrastructure and the development of urban areas in river basins have changed the natural drainage patterns in the region. This has resulted in flooding, inundation, and higher costs for urban maintenance. Tehran is located on the southern slopes of the Alborz mountain range and downstream from several basins. The expansion of the urban area into elevated areas has exposed the city to many disasters including flooding. Districts 2 and 5 in the northwestern area of Tehran are vulnerable to floods because of their close vicinity to expansive basins, a high proportion of construction projects, a high population and housing density, land use changes, the development of the urban areas in river basins, and the unsuitable exploitation of watercourses. This research used topographic, land use, climatic, and hydrometric data. Criteria were selected, weighted by an analytic hierarchy process, and combined by fuzzy functions to obtain a vulnerability map. To understand the significant factors, we applied water profiles and hydrographs to determine priorities through a multi-layer perceptron network. The final vulnerability map indicated that the most vulnerable areas are outside the urban lands near the river channels. The results also indicated that a combination of urban factors and drainage basin agents intensified the vulnerability of the study area. Although the near channel areas outside the urban areas are more vulnerable to flooding, other factors, including deteriorated fabric, curvature profile, and curvature, are significant in urban areas.

scholarly journals Relationships between landslides and land use changes in the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts, Shikoku, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Roxanne Lai ◽  
Takashi Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Crystalline Schist ◽  
Agricultural Abandonment ◽  
Landslide Kinematics

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Changing land use is an increasingly important issue as human habits, behaviors, and needs change. There has been an increase in land and agricultural abandonment in some places of the world. In Japan, movement of the population from rural to urban areas have resulted in much land and agricultural abandonment. In 2016, a land ministry survey showed that 4.1 million hectares of land in Japan had unclear ownership, with farmland making up 16.9% of the total. As vegetation cover changes after land abandonment, this temporal and spatial effect may have important effects on geomorphic processes such as landslide susceptibility and landslide kinematics.</p><p>Here we track long-term land use changes over vegetated landslide areas of the Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts of Shikoku Island, Japan. The Sanbagawa and Mikabu Belts are metamorphic belts that run across Southwest Japan, and are home to numerous large crystalline schist landslides, including the widely-studied slow but continuously moving Zentoku landslide. Villages and communities have been built on these landslide areas due to historical and cultural factors, as well as the fertility of the soil. Consequently, given the changing land uses including land abandonment in these landslide areas over time, we use long-term high-resolution land cover vegetation datasets to examine first the long-term land use changes, and then use statistical methods to explore their relationships with landslide susceptibility and kinematics. Mapping of spatial data and their analysis using GIS constitute a core part of the research. The results suggest interconnections between land use changes and land movement.</p>

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of Landscape Pattern Response to Land Use Change from 1985 to 2015 in Xuzhou City, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantao Xi ◽  
Nguyen Thinh ◽  
Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Barren Land

Rapid urbanization has dramatically spurred economic development since the 1980s, especially in China, but has had negative impacts on natural resources since it is an irreversible process. Thus, timely monitoring and quantitative analysis of the changes in land use over time and identification of landscape pattern variation related to growth modes in different periods are essential. This study aimed to inspect spatiotemporal characteristics of landscape pattern responses to land use changes in Xuzhou, China durfing the period of 1985–2015. In this context, we propose a new spectral index, called the Normalized Difference Enhanced Urban Index (NDEUI), which combines Nighttime light from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System with annual maximum Enhanced Vegetation Index to reduce the detection confusion between urban areas and barren land. The NDEUI-assisted random forests algorithm was implemented to obtain the land use/land cover maps of Xuzhou in 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015, respectively. Four different periods (1985–1995, 1995–2005, 2005–2015, and 1985–2015) were chosen for the change analysis of land use and landscape patterns. The results indicate that the urban area has increased by about 30.65%, 10.54%, 68.77%, and 143.75% during the four periods at the main expense of agricultural land, respectively. The spatial trend maps revealed that continuous transition from other land use types into urban land has occurred in a dual-core development mode throughout the urbanization process. We quantified the patch complexity, aggregation, connectivity, and diversity of the landscape, employing a number of landscape metrics to represent the changes in landscape patterns at both the class and landscape levels. The results show that with respect to the four aspects of landscape patterns, there were considerable differences among the four years, mainly owing to the increasing dominance of urbanized land. Spatiotemporal variation in landscape patterns was examined based on 900 × 900 m sub-grids. Combined with the land use changes and spatiotemporal variations in landscape patterns, urban growth mainly occurred in a leapfrog mode along both sides of the roads during the period of 1985 to 1995, and then shifted into edge-expansion mode during the period of 1995 to 2005, and the edge-expansion and leapfrog modes coexisted in the period from 2005 to 2015. The high value spatiotemporal information generated using remote sensing and geographic information system in this study could assist urban planners and policymakers to better understand urban dynamics and evaluate their spatiotemporal and environmental impacts at the local level to enable sustainable urban planning in the future.

scholarly journals Link between Land Use and Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Zahra Kalantari ◽  
Johanna Sörensen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The Impact

The densification of urban areas has raised concerns over increased pluvial flooding. Flood risk in urban areas might increase under the impact of land use changes. Urbanisation involves the conversion of natural areas to impermeable areas, causing lower infiltration rates and increased runoff. When high-intensity rainfall exceeds the capacity of an urban drainage system, the runoff causes pluvial flooding in low-laying areas. In the present study, a long time series (i.e., 20 years) of geo-referenced flood claims from property owners has been collected and analysed in detail to assess flood risk as it relates to land use changes in urban areas. The flood claim data come from property owners with flood insurance that covers property loss from overland flooding, groundwater intrusion through basement walls, as well as flooding from drainage systems; these data serve as a proxy of flood severity. The spatial relationships between land use change and flood occurrences in different urban areas were analysed. Special emphasis was placed on examining how nature-based solutions and blue-green infrastructure relate to flood risk. The relationships are defined by a statistical method explaining the tendencies whereby land use change affects flood risk.

scholarly journals Study on Land-use Changes and Their Impacts on Air Pollution in Chengdu

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Weixin Xu ◽  
Xiaotong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

The expansion of urban areas and the increase in the number of buildings and urbanization characteristics, such as roads, affect the meteorological environment in urban areas, resulting in weakened pollutant dispersion. First, this paper uses GIS (geographic information system) spatial analysis technology and landscape ecology analysis methods to analyze the dynamic changes in land cover and landscape patterns in Chengdu as a result of urban development. Second, the most appropriate WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model parameterization scheme is selected and screened. Land-use data from different development stages in the city are included in the model, and the wind speed and temperature results simulated using new and old land-use data (1980 and 2015) are evaluated and compared. Finally, the results of the numerical simulations by the WRF-Chem air quality model using new and old land-use data are coupled with 0.25° × 0.25°-resolution MEIC (Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China) emission source data from Tsinghua University. The results of the sensitivity experiments using the WRF-Chem model for the city under different development conditions and during different periods are discussed. The meteorological conditions and pollution sources remained unchanged as the land-use data changed, which revealed the impact of urban land-use changes on the simulation results of PM2.5 atmospheric pollutants. The results show the following. (1) From 1980 to 2015, the land-use changes in Chengdu were obvious, and cultivated land exhibited the greatest changes, followed by forestland. Under the influence of urban land-use dynamics and human activities, both the richness and evenness of the landscape in Chengdu increased. (2) The microphysical scheme WSM3 (WRF Single–Moment 3 class) and land-surface scheme SLAB (5-layer diffusion scheme) were the most suitable for simulating temperatures and wind speeds in the WRF model. The wind speed and temperature simulation results using the 2015 land-use data were better than those using the 1980 land-use data when assessed according to the coincidence index and correlation coefficient. (3) The WRF-Chem simulation results obtained for PM2.5 using the 2015 land-use data were better than those obtained using the 1980 land-use data in terms of the correlation coefficient and standard deviation. The concentration of PM2.5 in urban areas was higher than that in the suburbs, and the concentration of PM2.5 was lower on Longquan Mountain in Chengdu than in the surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Potential Supply of Ecosystem Services in Coimbra Municipality

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Leitão ◽  
Ferreira ◽  
Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Quantitative Classification ◽  
Natural Systems

Land-use changes driven by human activities affect natural systems. Urbanization, forest monoculture and intensive agriculture are changing the functioning of many biotic and abiotic processes. This tends to decrease the ability of ecosystems to provide services, which leads to several problems particularly in cities. This study investigates the ability of urban areas with great population and environmental pressures, to supply ecosystem services. The study was carried out in Coimbra municipality, through the assessment of regulation, provisioning and cultural services. The quantification of ecosystem services was based on the evaluation performed by experts familiar with the study area, through questionnaires. A total of 31 questionnaires were completed. The experts ranked the potential supply of 30 ecosystem services for the 33 existent land-uses. based on a qualitative evaluation: “strong adverse potential”, “weak adverse potential”, “not relevant”, “low positive potential” and “strong positive potential”. The qualitative evaluation was converted into a quantitative classification (−2, −1, 0, 1, 2). The values were used to develop an ecosystem services quantification matrix and to map the information in the study area, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Despite the limited ecosystem services provided by urban areas, agricultural fields and especially green spaces are relevant for the provision of resources essential for human survival and well-being. The methodology used in this work is still useful for the quantification of ecosystem services in cities with characteristics associated with the Mediterranean climate. This type of studies are important to (i) anticipate problems originated from the loss of ecosystem services, (ii) identify good and bad practices of land use changes, (iii) the role of connectivity in maintaining biotic and abiotic processes, and (iv) develop practices that promote the sustainable development of societies.

Recent ecological trajectory of lake Taihu and land-use history reconstructed from lake sediment DNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Giguet-Covex ◽  
Qi Lin ◽  
Ludovic Gielly ◽  
Fabien Arnaud ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Yangtze Floodplain

&lt;p&gt;More than 80% of shallow lake ecosystems in the Yangtze floodplain suffer significant disturbances from the 50&amp;#8217;s, especially eutrophication. These environmental degradations and subsequent loss of services are related with the important and rapid development of the agriculture, industry, urban areas and the population boom in the region. Lake Taihu is one of the largest lakes of the floodplain and represents an important water resource (for drinking and fishing) for the population of the two big cities on the lake shore. This lake experimented two shifts toward the degradation of the trophic state: one in the 50-60&amp;#8217;s and a second in 80&amp;#8217;s.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to document the causes of these ecological shifts, we applied the DNA metabarcoding approach on lake sediments and focused on plants as proxy of land use. Whereas this proxy has been successfully applied in many lakes over the world, it has never been tested in large shallow lakes and not in China either.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We show important changes in land use in 50&amp;#8217;s and 80&amp;#8217;s related with agricultural developments (i.e. intensification) and urban expansion, respectively.&amp;#160;In fact, in the 50&amp;#8217;s crop plants are increasing (rapeseed and/or cabbage, rice and/or wheat, barley and &lt;em&gt;Poaceae&lt;/em&gt;)&amp;#160;whereas in 80&amp;#8217;s, we record the development of several plants associated to gardens (e.g. ornamental species). Moreover, this last period is characterised by the presence of trees mostly cultivated along stream banks to protect dikes against erosion. Between the 80&amp;#8217;s and the years 2000, the plant diversity recorded in the sediment strongly increase, which may be due to higher detrital inputs (i.e. more efficient DNA transfer). The&amp;#160;timing in land-use changes corresponds&amp;#160;to the main shifts in lake trophic state.&lt;/p&gt;

Urban Land Use Changes by the Integration of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Dynamics Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4645-4649
Author(s):  
Jia Hua Zhang ◽  
Cui Hao ◽  
Feng Mei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Model ◽  
The Impact

We developed an approach to assess urban land use changes that incorporates socio-economic and environmental factors with multinomial logistic model, remote sensing data and GIS, and to quantify the impact of macro variables on land use of urban areas for the years 1990, 2000 and 2010 in Binhai New Area, China. The Markov transition matrix was designed to integrate with multinomial logistic model to illustrate and visualize the predicted land use surface. The multinomial logistic model was evaluated by means of Likelihood ratio test and Pseudo R-Square and showed a relatively good simulation. The prediction map of 2010 showed accurate rates 78.54%, 57.25% and 70.38%, respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Land Use and Occupation on the Biophysical Variables of the Cerrado Biome in Southwest Goiano, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Victor H. Moraes ◽  
Pedro R. Giongo ◽  
Marcio Mesquita ◽  
Thomas J. Cavalcante ◽  
Matheus V. A. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Quantitative Classification ◽  
The Impact

The change in the use of natural vegetation by annual or perennial crops, sugarcane and fast-growing forests causes changes in the biophysical variables, and these changes can be monitored by remote sensing. The objective of this work was to evaluate, on a temporal scale, the impacts of land use changes on biophysical variables in the county of Santa Helena de Goias-Goias/Brazil. Between the years of 2000 to 2015 areas were identified for agricultural crops 1 (annual crops), water, agricultural crops 2 (sugarcane), natural vegetation, pasture and urban areas. The MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) sensor products were selected for study: MOD11A2-Surface temperature; MOD16A2-Real evapotranspiration, MOD13Q1-Enhanced Vegetation Index and rainfall data from TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission). The geographic coordinates referring to the land uses were inserted in the LAPIG platform, searching the information of the biophysical variables referring to the selected pixel. The impact of land use change was evaluated by calculating the weighted average through the quantitative classification of the areas. It is concluded for the period of study that the index of average vegetation of the county had increase. There was an increase in the evapotranspiration volume of the county from 28% from 2000 to 2013 and the average surface temperature of the county showed a reduction of 2 &deg;C in the period from 2000 to 2015.

scholarly journals Flood Risk Index for Land-Use Changes: Case Study of Pakpanang River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Chonlatid Kittikhun ◽  
Sitang Pilailar ◽  
Suwatana Chittaladakorn ◽  
Eakawat Jhonpadit
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Arc Gis

Flood Risk Index (FRI) is the multi-criteria linked with the factors of vulnerability; exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. In order to establish local FRI, crucial local information have to be accumulated. However, under the limitation of land-use data, particular techniques were applied in this study. CA Markov model was used to analyze the past missing land-use data and, also forecast the future land-use of Pakpanang river basin under conditions of plan and without plan. The ratio changes of forest, agriculture, wetland and water, and urban areas were considered. Then, the result of LULC spatial-temporal changes was then applied to Hec-HMS and Hec-Ras , with Arc GIS extension of Hec-GeoHMS and Hec-GeoRas software, in order to evaluate the flood hydrographs and flood severity in three municipalities corresponding to 100-year return period rainfall. Afterward, the FRI of Pakpanang, Chianyai, and Hua-sai, which ranges from 0 to 1, were evaluated by using the modified FRI equations. It was found that sensitivity analysis in the area of forest on flood depth and inundation areas is incoherent. Nevertheless, without land-use planning, the changes in these three cities cause higher flood risk, where Chianyai is the riskiest as the FRIE is 0.58. Further consideration of FRIE and FRIP proportion that reveals the FRI deviation indicates that to reduce flood risk, Chianyai would need the most resources and highest effort comparison to Pakpanang and Hua-sai.

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