scholarly journals Profiling of a shaped worm cutter for shaping gears with non-involute tooth profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tretyak ◽  
Alexander Leonidovich Myronenko ◽  
Sergii Aleksandrovich Myronenko
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Gear Wheels

Of the mechanical transmissions used in mechanical engineering, the most common are gears with an involute profile of the teeth flanks. Gears made up of such wheels have a number of advantages, but they also have a number of significant disadvantages. Therefore jne of the current trends is the study of gears with a complex non-involute profile of the teeth flank which have advantages over involute gears in a number of applications, as well as the development of tools for their processing. There are two ways of gear teeth cutting: the copying method and the rolling-in method. The rolling-in method has advantages. The profile of the tool working by the rolling-in method does not depend on the number of teeth of the gear being cut, therefore, the same tool can be used to cut gears with any number of teeth. The accuracy of a gear made by the rolling-in method is significantly higher than the accuracy of a gear made by the copying method. This is primarily due to the continuity of the rolling-in process. When cutting teeth by the rolling method, the tooth surface is formed as a result of processing with a tool, the cutting edges of which are the tooth profile of the mating rack or the tooth profile of the mating gear, and during processing the tool and the workpiece form a mating gear pair. The most common gear cutting tool is the hob cutter. For the machining of gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile widely used in industry equipment is used. One of the options for a rolling gear cutting tool for shaping gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile can be a shaped worm cutter. The article describes the method of profiling of the cutting part of shaped hob cutter for machining of gear wheels with normal accuracy. To solve the problem the unified mathematical base – the apparatus of multiparameter mappings of space – the unified structure of mappings for gears and a compact set of unified operators, parameters and functional connections is used.

scholarly journals Grinding burns in the technological surface of the gear teeth of the cylindrical gears

Mechanik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 882-884
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zaborowski ◽  
Ryszard Ochenduszko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Cutting Zone

The article presents the results of research on the grinding of the technological grinding of the tooth surface of toothed wheel cylinders. The toothed teeth with straight teeth, modules m = 2÷6 mm, bore width b = 26÷94 mm, number of teeth with z = 12÷48 made of 40H and 12H2N4A steel with a hardness of 60 HRC. For grinding, T1Q grinding wheel has the following parameters: D = 350 mm, H = 25 mm, δ = 140°, grains 99A, grain size 60, hardness H, structure 5, binder V. The results of tests show the dependence of grinding scales on the parameters used machining and thickness of the sliced layer and this means the heat effects in the cutting zone.

Research on Gear Cutter Tooth Profile for Semi-Topping: A Case of a Helical Gear

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ariga ◽  
Shiyeyoshi Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Gear Cutter ◽  
Conventional Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tooth Number

Abstract Gear tooth tips are frequently chamfered to prevent nicks or scuffing on the tooth surface. Some of the hob cutters and pinion cutters can be chamfered but many types of cutters should be used for a particular range of tooth numbers since the amount chamfering largely varies depending on the tooth number. However, intensive efforts in the design have made it possible to produce cutters with little variation of chamfering amount for a wide range of tooth numbers. The error in the amount of chamfering by a single cutter designed by the above method can be maintained within ±10 % for gears with tooth numbers ranging from 16 to 94. It was found that three cutters of the conventional design are required for keeping the error within the same range for cutting gears within a given range of tooth numbers. The paper describes the tooth design method of the hob cutter with little variation of chamfering amount along changes in number of teeth to be machined and demonstrates that chamfering errors are maintained within practically allowable ranges for profile shift cutting or helical gear cutting with the use of this cutter.

Tooth Surface Fatigue of AISI9310 Steel Spur Gears

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kotorii
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Load Cycle ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Profile Errors ◽  
Tooth Profile Errors

Abstract With a JIS 0 class Spur Gears of AISI9310 steel, module 4, presure angle 25 degree tooth profile, the numbers of pinion teeth 21 / gear teeth 29 carburized and tooth surface hardness HRc 59, the relationships of the load and the service life (S-N) diagram were investigated by running test on the power-circulated type gear tester. MIL-L-23699 equivalent synthetic oil at 50° C were fed at a ratio of 0.8 l/min and circumferential velocity of 8.8 m/sec. Also the running performance of the gears, variation of tooth profile errors, affairs of damage, etc. were examined. Types of tooth surface fatigue mere scoring, spalling, or micropitting. A durability limit of Hertz-stress was assumed to be around 2GPa at the load cycle of 108.

Meshing and Bearing Analysis of Nutation Drive with Face Gear

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Guangxin Wang ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jia Deng
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Contact Strength ◽  
Hertz Contact ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Number Of Teeth

Background: Nutation drive is being extensively investigated due to its ability to achieve a high reduction ratio with a compact structure and the potential for low vibration, high efficiency and design flexibility. However, many problems including the difficulty to process the inner bevel gear, less number of teeth in engagement and not being suitable for high-power transmission have restricted its development. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contact strength of a patent about a new nutation drive developed based on meshing between two face gears, which has the advantages of both face gear and nutation drive, including large transmission ratio, large coincidence, small size, compact structure and strong bearing capacity. Methods: Based on the meshing principle and basic structure of the nutation face gear drive, the contact strength of nutation face gear transmission is analyzed by the Hertz contact analysis method and FEM method. Results: The maximum stress values of nutation face gear teeth are compared by two methods, which verify the accuracy of Hertz contact analytical method in calculating the contact strength of nutation face gear teeth. Furthermore, nine groups of three-dimensional models for the nutation face gear drive with a transmission ratio of 52 and different cutter parameters are established. Conclusion: The study analyzes the contact stress of fixed and rotary face gears in meshing with planetary face gears, and obtains the distribution law of contact stress and the influence of the number of teeth and parameters of the cutter on the load-carrying capacity.

Modeling of surface roughness in a novel magnetorheological gear profile finishing process

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097826
Author(s):  
Ravi Datt Yadav ◽  
Anant Kumar Singh ◽  
Kunal Arora
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gear Profile

Fine finishing of spur gears reduces the vibrations and noise and upsurges the service life of two mating gears. A new magnetorheological gear profile finishing (MRGPF) process is utilized for the fine finishing of spur gear teeth profile surfaces. In the present study, the development of a theoretical mathematical model for the prediction of change in surface roughness during the MRGPF process is done. The present MRGPF is a controllable process with the magnitude of the magnetic field, therefore, the effect of magnetic flux density (MFD) on the gear tooth profile has been analyzed using an analytical approach. Theoretically calculated MFD is validated experimentally and with the finite element analysis. To understand the finishing process mechanism, the different forces acting on the gear surface has been investigated. For the validation of the present roughness model, three sets of finishing cycle experimentations have been performed on the spur gear profile by the MRGPF process. The surface roughness of the spur gear tooth surface after experimentation was measured using Mitutoyo SJ-400 surftest and is equated with the values of theoretically calculated surface roughness. The results show the close agreement which ranges from −7.69% to 2.85% for the same number of finishing cycles. To study the surface characteristics of the finished spur gear tooth profile surface, scanning electron microscopy is used. The present developed theoretical model for surface roughness during the MRGPF process predicts the finishing performance with cycle time, improvement in the surface quality, and functional application of the gears.

Improving the Characteristics of Gear Pumps: Part A — Discharge

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. M. El-Bahloul ◽  
Yasser Z. R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Angle Change ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Gear Pumps

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of gear geometry on the discharge of gear pumps. We have used gears of circular-arc tooth profile as gear pumps and have compared between these types of gearing and spur, helical gear pumps according to discharge. The chosen module change from 2 to 16 mm, number of teeth change from 8 to 20 teeth, pressure angle change from 10 to 30 deg, face width change from 20 to 120 mm, correction factor change from −1 to 1, helix angle change from 5 to 30 deg, and radii of curvature equal 1.4, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 2.75, and 3m are considered. The authors deduced that the tooth rack profile with radius of curvature equal 2.5, 2.75, 3m for all addendum circular arc tooth and convex-concave tooth profile, and derived equations representing the tooth profile, and calculated the points of intersections between curves of tooth profile. We drive the formulas for the volume of oil between adjacent teeth. Computer program has been prepared to calculate the discharge from the derived formulae with all variables for different types of gear pumps. Curves showing the change of discharge with module, number of teeth, pressure angle, face width, correction factor, helix angle, and radius of curvature are presented. The results show that: 1) The discharge increases with increasing module, number of teeth, positive correction factor, face width and radius of curvature of the tooth. 2) The discharge increases with increasing pressure angle to a certain value and then decreases with increasing pressure angle. 3) The discharge decreases with increasing helix angle. 4) The convex-concave circular-arc gears gives discharge higher than that of alla ddendum circular arc, spur, and helical gear pumps respectively. 5) A curve fitting of the results are done and the following formulae derived for the discharge of involute and circular arc gear pumps respectively: Q=A1bm2z0.895e0.065xe0.0033αe−0.0079βQ=A2bm2z0.91ρ10.669e−0.0047β

On Satisfaction of the Fifth Necessary Condition of Proper Part Surface Generation in Design of Plunge Shaving Cutter for Finishing of Precision Involute Gears

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Radzevich
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Proper Part ◽  
Surface Generation ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Novel Design

In this paper, a novel modified scheme and effective computer representation for design of a plunge shaving cutter is presented. The paper aims to develop a novel design of shaving cutter for plunge shaving of precision involute gears. The study is carried out on the premise of satisfaction of the fifth necessary condition of proper part surface generation (PSG) when designing the plunge shaving cutter. In the current study, the author’s earlier developed DG/K method of surface generation is used together with the principal elements of analytical mechanics of gears. (The DG/K method is based on fundamental results obtained in differential geometry of surfaces, and on kinematics of multi-parametric motion of a rigid body in the E3 space. The interested reader may wish to go for details to the monograph: Radzevich, S.P., Fundamentals of Surface Generation, Monograph, Kiev, Rastan, 2001, 592 pp., and to: Radzevich, S.P., Sculptured Surface Machining on Multi-Axis NC Machine, Monograph, Kiev, Vishcha Schola, 1991, 192 pp.) In the particular case under consideration, the method employs (a) an analytical description of the gear tooth surface to be machined, (b) configuration of the plunge shaving cutter relative to the involute gear, (c) analytical representation of the coordinate systems transformations, and (d) the fifth condition of proper PSG that is adapted to finishing of precision involute gears. The fifth condition of proper PSG is investigated in the paper. On the premise of the obtained results of the investigation, a novel design of plunge shaving cutter for finishing of precision involute gears is proposed. The developed novel design of plunge shaving cutter can be used on shaving machines available on the market, e.g. on Gleason’s new Genesis™ 130SV computer numerical control (CNC) shaving machine.

A parameterized numerical method for generating discrete helical gear tooth surface allowing non-standard geometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hedlund ◽  
A Lehtovaara
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Tool Profile ◽  
Standard Geometry ◽  
Gear Manufacturing ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Gear Geometry ◽  
Tooth Flank

Gear analysis is typically performed using calculation based on gear standards. Standards provide a good basis in gear geometry calculation for involute gears, but these are unsatisfactory for handling geometry deviations such as tooth flank modifications. The efficient utilization of finite-element calculation also requires the geometry generation to be parameterized. A parameterized numerical approach was developed to create discrete helical gear geometry and contact line by simulating the gear manufacturing, i.e. the hobbing process. This method is based on coordinate transformations and a wide set of numerical calculation points and their synchronization, which permits deviations from common involute geometry. As an example, the model is applied to protuberance tool profile and grinding with tip relief. A fairly low number of calculation points are needed to create tooth flank profiles where error is <1 μm.

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