scholarly journals Grinding burns in the technological surface of the gear teeth of the cylindrical gears

Mechanik ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 882-884
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zaborowski ◽  
Ryszard Ochenduszko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Heat Effects ◽  
Cutting Zone

The article presents the results of research on the grinding of the technological grinding of the tooth surface of toothed wheel cylinders. The toothed teeth with straight teeth, modules m = 2÷6 mm, bore width b = 26÷94 mm, number of teeth with z = 12÷48 made of 40H and 12H2N4A steel with a hardness of 60 HRC. For grinding, T1Q grinding wheel has the following parameters: D = 350 mm, H = 25 mm, δ = 140°, grains 99A, grain size 60, hardness H, structure 5, binder V. The results of tests show the dependence of grinding scales on the parameters used machining and thickness of the sliced layer and this means the heat effects in the cutting zone.

scholarly journals The Improvement of the Precision of the Archimedean Spiral Toothline Gear Cutting Mill

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Hunor András Gyéresi ◽  
Luciana Cristea ◽  
Márton Máté
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Profile Error ◽  
Archimedean Spiral ◽  
Theoretical Profile ◽  
Cylindrical Gears

Abstract The precision of gears has a major influence on the quality of the transmission. If the gear cannot be finished by grinding, the precision of the generating tool becomes essential. Archimedean spiral toothline cylindrical gears are obtained by reciprocate meshing using a milling cutter built up by individual cutters, organized in groups. The profiles of edges must be realized with a minimal profile error. In order to ensure the quality and the precision of the meshed tooth surface, and also the profile constancy after re-sharpening, relief faces must be realized by a grinding relieving operation. A secondary effect of the kinematics of relieving end the spatial extent of the grinding wheel a post undercut results and this produces an inevitable profile error. The present paper discusses a possible grinding wheel setting that produces a maximum theoretical profile error under 1μm along the whole re-sharpening reserve of the cutter. The proposed setting can be realized on a classical relieving lathe.

scholarly journals Profiling of a shaped worm cutter for shaping gears with non-involute tooth profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tretyak ◽  
Alexander Leonidovich Myronenko ◽  
Sergii Aleksandrovich Myronenko
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Compact Set ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Gear Cutting ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Gear Wheels

Of the mechanical transmissions used in mechanical engineering, the most common are gears with an involute profile of the teeth flanks. Gears made up of such wheels have a number of advantages, but they also have a number of significant disadvantages. Therefore jne of the current trends is the study of gears with a complex non-involute profile of the teeth flank which have advantages over involute gears in a number of applications, as well as the development of tools for their processing. There are two ways of gear teeth cutting: the copying method and the rolling-in method. The rolling-in method has advantages. The profile of the tool working by the rolling-in method does not depend on the number of teeth of the gear being cut, therefore, the same tool can be used to cut gears with any number of teeth. The accuracy of a gear made by the rolling-in method is significantly higher than the accuracy of a gear made by the copying method. This is primarily due to the continuity of the rolling-in process. When cutting teeth by the rolling method, the tooth surface is formed as a result of processing with a tool, the cutting edges of which are the tooth profile of the mating rack or the tooth profile of the mating gear, and during processing the tool and the workpiece form a mating gear pair. The most common gear cutting tool is the hob cutter. For the machining of gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile widely used in industry equipment is used. One of the options for a rolling gear cutting tool for shaping gear wheels with a non-involute tooth profile can be a shaped worm cutter. The article describes the method of profiling of the cutting part of shaped hob cutter for machining of gear wheels with normal accuracy. To solve the problem the unified mathematical base – the apparatus of multiparameter mappings of space – the unified structure of mappings for gears and a compact set of unified operators, parameters and functional connections is used.

Meshing and Bearing Analysis of Nutation Drive with Face Gear

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Guangxin Wang ◽  
Lili Zhu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Jia Deng
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Contact Strength ◽  
Hertz Contact ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Number Of Teeth

Background: Nutation drive is being extensively investigated due to its ability to achieve a high reduction ratio with a compact structure and the potential for low vibration, high efficiency and design flexibility. However, many problems including the difficulty to process the inner bevel gear, less number of teeth in engagement and not being suitable for high-power transmission have restricted its development. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contact strength of a patent about a new nutation drive developed based on meshing between two face gears, which has the advantages of both face gear and nutation drive, including large transmission ratio, large coincidence, small size, compact structure and strong bearing capacity. Methods: Based on the meshing principle and basic structure of the nutation face gear drive, the contact strength of nutation face gear transmission is analyzed by the Hertz contact analysis method and FEM method. Results: The maximum stress values of nutation face gear teeth are compared by two methods, which verify the accuracy of Hertz contact analytical method in calculating the contact strength of nutation face gear teeth. Furthermore, nine groups of three-dimensional models for the nutation face gear drive with a transmission ratio of 52 and different cutter parameters are established. Conclusion: The study analyzes the contact stress of fixed and rotary face gears in meshing with planetary face gears, and obtains the distribution law of contact stress and the influence of the number of teeth and parameters of the cutter on the load-carrying capacity.

Study on the Behavior of the Cast-Iron Bonded Grinding Wheel to Machining Properties of Hard and Brittle Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
S.L. Ma ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Cong Rong Zhu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
H.C. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
Machining Properties

Tungsten carbide which is a hard and brittle material was ground by cast-iron bonded diamond wheel with ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) technique, for the purpose of getting high efficiency, super-precision machining. Three kinds of cast-iron bonded diamond wheels with different grain size were adopted to get different grinding efficiency and surface quality of workpieces. The grinding properties of cast-iron bonded grinding wheels with different grain size and the ground surface quality of tungsten carbide are discussed in this paper. The experiment results indicate that, under the same feeding amount, the grinding efficiency of the wheel with bigger grain size is higher, and it could make the dimension accuracy of the workpiece controllable, but the wheel with smaller grain size could get better ground surface quality. The two grinding phases are decided by the ratio between the size of abrasive grain and the thickness of the oxide layer on the grinding wheel.

Computation of Parameters of a Form Grinding Wheel for Grinding of Shaving Cutter for Plunge Shaving of Topologically Modified Involute Pinion

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Radzevich
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Error ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Surface Machining ◽  
Form Grinding ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Part Surface

The paper is targeting on the finishing of precision gears for low-noise/noiseless transmission for cars and light trucks. Transmission error is the predominant cause of gear noise. The application of a topologically modified pinion results in reduction of transmission error up to two times. The required modification of the pinion tooth surface is provided on a plunge shaving operation with application of a shaving cutter of an appropriate design. A novel approach for computation of parameters of a form grinding wheel for grinding of the shaving cutter for plunge shaving of a precision involute pinion with topologically modified tooth surface is reported in the paper. The developed approach for computation of parameters of the form grinding wheel is focused on application of the shaving cutter grinder with a lack of CNC articulation. The problem under consideration is solved using the DG/K-based approach of part surface machining earlier developed by the author. (The DG/K-approach is based on fundamental results obtained in differential geometry of surfaces, and in kinematics of multi-parametric motion of a rigid body in E3 space (See Radzevich, S.P., Sculptured Surface Machining on Multi-Axis CNC Machine. Monograph, 1991, Vishcha Shkola Publishers, Kiev (in Russian). See also Radzevich, S.P., 2001, Fundamentals of Surface Machining. Monograph, Rastan, Kiev (in Russian).) An analytical solution to the problem is discussed in the paper. The solution has been used for developing software for the Mitsubishi ZA30CNC shaving cutter grinder for the needs of the automotive industry. Computer simulation reveals high accuracy of the ground shaving cutter.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Sensor for Gear Teeth Wear and Damage Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Sridhar ◽  
Kam Chana
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Gear Box ◽  
Current Sensors

Health monitoring of mechanical transmission systems is an important area of research. Mechanical transmission systems, especially gear boxes in aircraft, automobiles, and wind turbines etc. account for many of the maintenance costs due to repairs, replacements and downtime. Gear boxes can experience high level of failure due to varied load conditions and harsh environments. Replacing the gear box is quite an expensive process and has significant downtime. Current gear box monitoring involves mainly measuring vibrations, however vibrations occur when the fault in the gear has already progressed significantly. Gear teeth monitoring lacks sensor technology to successfully detect tooth damage and misalignment. This paper presents a new concept gear teeth damage detection using eddy current sensors fitted on to the teeth of an idler gear at various locations. These sensors detect various faults encountered in a gear such as micro and macro pitting of the tooth surface, contact wear etc. Eddy current sensors are already being used to detect turbomachinery blade vibrations and tip clearance as they are robust and immune to contamination. In the present case, we use an idler gear that incorporates miniature eddy current sensors and state of the art electronics with wireless data transmission to enable the device to operate remotely and in harsh environments. A rotating rig with gears (spur and helical) and oil supply was built to test and validate the sensor by seeding various faults on the tooth surface. The results show that the idler sensor gear was able to detect various faults. The new eddy current sensor idler gear concept will enable health monitoring of the gearbox and ensure timely maintenance and reduction in operation costs.

scholarly journals The influence of the profile-dividing grinding strategy on the surface accuracy and roughness of a gear teeth

Mechanik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zyzak ◽  
Paweł Kobiela ◽  
Arnold Brożek ◽  
Marek Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Cylindrical Gear ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Surface Accuracy ◽  
Number Of Passes

In the paper are presented investigation results of an effects of adopted strategy of profile-dividing grinding of a cylindrical gear teeth, performed on the Rapid Höfler 900 grinder, on machining accuracy and surface roughness of the teeth. The strategies have taken into considerations changes in the following parameters determining obtained results of the grinding: number of passes, number of leads, shaping method of the grinding wheel.

A new geometry definition and generation method for a face gear meshed with a spur pinion

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110609
Author(s):  
Xian-Long Peng
Keyword(s):  
Ruled Surface ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Face Gear ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Geometry Feature ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Straight Lines

The conventional tooth surface of a face gear is difficult to manufacture, and the cutter for the face gear cutting is not uniform even though the parameters of the pinion mating with the face gear slightly change. Based on the analysis of the geometry features of the tooth surface, a new developable ruled surface is defined as the tooth flank of the face gear, for which the most important geometry feature is that the flank could be represented by a family of straight lines, hence it could be generated by a straight-edged cutter. The mathematical models of the new ruled tooth surface, the cutter and the generation method are presented, the deviation between the ruled surface and the conventional surface, the correction of the ruled surface to reduce the deviation are investigated through numerical examples. The manufacturing process is simulated by VERICUT software, and the results demonstrate that even when the principle deviation is added to the machined deviation, the absolute deviation is on the micro-scale. The meshing and contact simulation shows that the new surface could obtain good meshing performance when the number of face gear teeth is greater than three times the number of pinion teeth. This research provides a new method for manufacturing face gears.

Study on the Simulation of Grinding Based on Virtual Reality Technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1887-1890
Author(s):  
Tian Biao Yu ◽  
Jian Yu Yang ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
F. Xu ◽  
F. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Wheel Speed ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Wheel Model ◽  
Grain Distribution

For properly choosing grinding parameters, predicting probable faults and processing quality, simulation of grinding based on virtual reality technology was study. Physiognomy forming mechanism of grinding wheel was analyzed and a 3D virtual grinding wheel models was built. Effects to grinding wheel physiognomy by grain size and organization number were analyzed and grain distribution was visually represented. Effect to processing quality by grinding wheel granularity, dressing parameters, grinding wheel speed, feed speed and grinding depth was simulated. And experiments were carried out for comparative analyzing. Experiments result proved the reliability and practicality of the virtual grinding wheel model.

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