Lahan Perkebunan Terlantar Di Sumatera : Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Dan Potensi Kerugian

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Rahmat Purbo Nurcahyo ◽  
Mandala Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Land Using

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>One of the rapidly-growing subsectors in the agriculture sector in Sumatra is plantation. Increase in output of this plantation subsector encourage expansion of large scale plantations. On the other hand, many of the plantations were abandoned. This study aimed to find the cause, progression and potential losses from abandoned land, using descriptive and quantitative methods. This study resulted that the increase in the plantation subsector output contribution, increase in plantation subsector productivity, encourage the expansion of plantations and increasing the area of abandoned land. Plantation land from forest areas and oil palm plantation land also showed a tendency to be abandoned.</em></p><p align="center"><em>ABSTRAK</em></p><p>Salah satu sub sektor yang tumbuh dengan cepat di sektor pertanian di Sumatera adalah perkebunan. Peningkatan output subsektor perkebunan ini mendorong ekspansi perkebunan skala besar. Di sisi lain, banyak perkebunan yang ditinggalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penyebab, perkembangan dan potensi kerugian dari lahan terlantar, menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa peningkatan kontribusi keluaran subsektor perkebunan, peningkatan produktivitas subsektor perkebunan, mendorong perluasan perkebunan dan meningkatkan luas lahan terlantar. Plantation tanah dari kawasan hutan dan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit juga menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk ditinggalkan.</p>

LEACHING LEVEL OF N, P, K, AND SEVERAL TYPES OF FERTILIZER

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Suroso Rahutomo ◽  
Eko Noviandi Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Oil Palm Plantation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Triple Super Phosphate ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

A study to compare amount of N, P, K, and Mg leached from fertilizers had been conducted. Leaching was measured using percolator tubes for six months. Subsoil of Inceptisol collected from an oil palm plantation in North Sumatra was used to fill the tube. Treatments were application of briquette compound fertilizer, granular compound fertilizer, and single fertilizer; all types of fertilizers contained equal amount of N, P, K, and Mg. The results showed that higher amount of leached N, P, and K were found under application of single fertilizers (urea, Triple Super Phosphate/TSP, and Muriate of Potash/MoP) than under briquette and granular compound fertilizer which had slow release characters. Furthermore, amount of leached P was much smaller than leached N, K, and Mg. Residual P from fertilizers after six months was about 99.9%. On the other hand, an intensive leaching of Mg occurred in this study so residual Mg in the end of study was only 25-35%. For N and K, the residual nutrients from fertilizers after six months were about 92-95%.

Zakat Tanaman Menurut Ulama Dayah Aceh Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Harjoni Desky
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Depth Study

This study examines the reasons for Achehness Ulama of Dayah regarding plants and seeds that are subject to zakat. How the logic of thinking used by these ulama and their relationship with maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (syariah legal purposes). This research focuses on the legal substance of zakat as intended by the Qur’an and Hadith, then it is analyzed from the side of maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah. The results of this study indicate that Acehnese Ulama argues that zakat of plants is only rice or a kind of staple food, on the grounds that it is a staple food of a country’s population, which has filling properties and can be stored and lasted. Other plants such as oil palm, cocoa, coffee, even though they are productive they are not zakatable wealth, because they do not meet these criteria. The legal reasoning of the Acehness Ulama uses the deductive method with the bayani (language) approach. On the other hand, the Acehness Ulama does not deny that the search for maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah can be done through in-depth study, but it is not yet certain that the obligations of zakat on productive plants can be formulated through this approach, so they reject it. According to them, the command of zakat can only be understood from the side of ta‘abbudī (worship approach), not through ta‘aqqulī (resourceful approach).

scholarly journals The Theory of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya B. Zeldovich
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Single Statement

The God-father of psychoanalysis Professor Sigmund Freud taught us that the behaviour of adults depends on their early childhood experiences. in the same spirit, the problem of cosmological analysis is to derive the observed present day situation and structure of the Universe from certain plausible assumptions about its early behaviour. Perhaps the most important single statement about the large scale structure is that there is no structure at all on the largest scale − 1000 Mpc and more. On this scale the Universe is rather uniform, structureless and isotropically expanding - just according to the simplified pictures of Einstein-Friedmann……. Humason, Hubble…. Robertson, Walker. On the other hand there is a lot of structure on the scale of 100 or 50 Mpc and less. There are clusters and superclusters of galaxies.

scholarly journals Adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) attracted to artificial lights in the middle reaches of the Shinano River from 2005 to 2007

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
GORO KIMURA ◽  
EISO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Flood

The species composition and abundance of adult caddisflies attracted to the illuminated showcase of a vending machine set along the middle reaches of the Shinano River were investigated every Sunday night from April to November in 2005 to 2007. A total of 1,405 adult caddisflies was collected during the investigation periods. We identified a total of 13 species belonging to 11 genera of 8 families. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) each year. Psychomyia acutipennis adults were collected from mid-May to the beginning of October (the range of mean air temperature was 13.8 to 27.7°C), with its seasonal abundance divided into several peaks, i.e., the end of May, the beginning of June, and the end of August to the beginning of September in both 2006 and 2007. On the other hand, in 2005 when there was no large-scale summer flood and there were no marked abundance peaks. The present study suggests that the mean air temperature and summer floods impacted the seasonal abundance of P. acutipennis adults.

scholarly journals To determine how the effect of station technique on students’ achievement in astronomy subjectsAstronomi konularında istasyon tekniğinin öğrencilerin akademik başarısına nasıl etki ettiğini belirlemek

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Albayrak ◽  
Paşa Yalçın ◽  
Sema Altun Yalçın
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Science Lesson ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Post Test

In this research, it was aimed to determine the effect of learning stations designed for astronomy subjects on the academic achievement of students and give an alternative method for teaching astronomy in the literature. The mixed approach in which mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used together was preferred in the study. Among the quantitative methods, the pre-test and post-test model of the semi-experimental method was used; in addition, the protocols were applied about the method, which was used. The research was carried out with 98 seventh class students, who were under education in a secondary school located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in the education year of 2015-2016. The quantitative data were analysed via the Astronomy Achievement Test (AAT) developed by the researchers and had 0,795 Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient. The astronomy subjects in science lesson of the seventh class were studied with the experimental group through the learning stations; on the other hand, they were studied with the students in the control group through the activities stated in the textbook prepared by the Ministry of Education. The AAT was applied for the experimental, control groups using the pre- and post-tests, and data were analysed with the t-test. Meaningful difference was determined in AAT pre-test average scores of experimental and control groups; on the other hand, a meaningful difference was determined between the groups according to the independent samples t-test results applied with the average scores of the post-test(p<0.05). As a result of the analysis of the data gathered with the Station Observation Form (SOF), developed for the research, it was found out that the students recognise the learning stations as a technique of useful, entertaining, engaging, and easy-to-learn that enable them to learn astronomy topics effectively.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu araştırmada, astronomi konuları için tasarlanan öğrenme istasyonlarının öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına etkisini belirlemek ve literatüre astronomi öğretimi için alternatif bir yöntem sunmak amaçlanmıştır.  Araştırmada karma nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin birlikte kullanıldığı karma yaklaşım tercih edilmiştir. Nicel yöntemlerden yarı deneysel yöntemin ön test- son test modeli kullanılmış olup ayrıca uygulanan yöntem hakkında öğrenci görüşmeleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2015- 2016 eğitim öğretim döneminde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan bir ortaokulda öğretim gören 98 yedinci sınıf öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür.  Nicel veriler için araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ve cronbac’h alpha güvenlik katsayısı 0.795 olan Astronomi Başarı Testi (ABT) kullanılmıştır.  Yedinci sınıf fen bilimleri dersi içerisindeki astronomi konuları deney grubu ile öğrenme istasyonları yardımıyla, kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerle MEB’in ön gördüğü ders kitabında yer alan etkinlikler takip edilerek işlenmiştir. ABT deney ve kontrol gruplarına ön test- son test olarak uygulanarak t testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada deney ve kontrol gruplarının ABT ön test ortalama puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenmişken, son test puan ortalamaları ile yapılan bağımsız örnekler t testi sonuçlarına göre gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Araştırma için geliştirilen İstasyon Gözlem Formu (İGF) ile elde edilen verilerinin analizi sonucunda öğrenciler öğrenme istasyonlarını, astronomi konuları için etkili öğrenmeyi sağlayan, faydalı, eğlenceli, ilgi çekici ve kolay öğrenmeyi destekleyen bir teknik olarak gördükleri bulunmuştur.

scholarly journals The Bologna submillisecond pulsar survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichi D’Amico
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Millisecond Pulsar ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Spin Period ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractSince the discovery of the original millisecond pulsar, no pulsars with a shorter spin period (P&lt;1.56 ms) were found. However, according to the most popular equations of state, the theoretical limiting spin period of a neutron star can be much shorter. On the other hand, most of the large scale searches for millisecond pulsars carried out so far were strongly biased against the detection of ultrashort periodicities. In this paper we describe a new large scale pulsar survey with a minimum detectable period much shorter than previous searches.

scholarly journals II. On the stratification of vesicular ice by pressure

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bounding Surface ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Two Sides

In my last letter to you I pointed out that my brother’s theory of the effect of pressure in lowering the freezing-point of water, affords a perfect explanation of various remarkable phenomena involving the internal melting of ice, described by Professor Tyndall in the Number of the ‘Proceedings’ which has just been published. I wish now to show that the stratification of vesicular ice by pressure observed on a large scale in glaciers, and the lamination of clear ice described by Dr. Tyndall as produced in hand specimens by a Brahmah’s press, are also demonstrable as conclusions from the same theory. Conceive a continuous mass of ice, with vesicles containing either air or water distributed through it ; and let this mass be pressed together by opposing forces on two opposite sides of it. The vesi­cles will gradually become arranged in strata perpendicular to the lines of pressure, because of the melting of ice in the localities of greatest pressure and the regelation of the water in the localities of least pressure, in the neighbourhood of groups of these cavities . For, any two vesicles nearly in the direction of the condensation will afford to the ice between them a relief from pressure, and will occa­sion an aggravated pressure in the ice round each of them in the places farthest out from the line joining their centres; while the pressure in the ice on the far sides of the two vesicles will be some­ what diminished from what it would be were their cavities filled up with the' solid, although not nearly as much diminished as it is in the ice between the two. Hence, as demonstrated by my brother’s theory and my own experiment, the melting temperature of the ice round each vesicle will be highest on its side nearest to the other vesicle, and lowest in the localities on the whole farthest from the line joining the centres. Therefore, ice will melt from these last-mentioned localities, and, if each vesicle have water in it, the partition between the two will thicken by freezing on each side of it. Any two vesicles, on the other hand, which are nearly in a line per­pendicular to the direction of pressure will agree in leaving an aggra­vated pressure to be borne by the solid between them, and will each direct away some of the pressure from the portions of the solid next itself on the two sides farthest from the plane through the centres, perpendicular to the line of pressure. This will give rise to an in­ crease of pressure on the whole in the solid all round the two cavi­ties, and nearly in the plane perpendicular to the pressure, although nowhere else so much as in the part between them. Hence these two vesicles will gradually extend towards one another by the melting of the intervening ice, and each will become flattened in towards the plane through the centres perpendicular to the direction of press­ure, by the freezing of water on the parts of the bounding surface farthest from this plane. It may be similarly shown that two vesi­cles in a line oblique to that of condensation will give rise to such variations of pressure in the solid in their neighbourhood, as to make them, by melting and freezing, to extend, each obliquely towards the other and from the parts of its boundary most remote from a plane midway between them, perpendicular to the direction of pressure.

Resisting (Meta) Physical Catastrophes through Acts of Marronage

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Pedro Lebrón Ortiz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The colonial process constituted a twofold catastrophe. On the one hand, the genocide and enslavement of racialized bodies, along with the large-scale destruction of their lands was a material, or physical, catastrophe. On the other hand, colonialism led to a reconfiguring of intersubjectivities which constituted a “metaphysical catastrophe” according Puerto Rican philosopher Nelson Maldonado-Torres. This metaphysical catastrophe relegates the racialized subject beneath the zones of being and non-being leading to dehumanization and permanent war. This text intends to illuminate ways in which analectical marronage, as an existential state of Being, resists this twofold catastrophe brought about by the imperial enterprise.

scholarly journals Concertante techniques in Trois images by Ivo Petrić

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Niall O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Frank Martin ◽  
Movement Structure

The large-scale romantic concerto has been reevaluated by many composers of the 20th century. These have included Stravinsky, Honegger and Frank Martin, who have all tended to compose on a much smaller scale. One such work is Ivo Petrić's Trois images, a violin concerto dating from 1972-73. It displays an ambiguous approach to form, the relationships between the soloist and orchestra, the use of musical motives and the idea of the concerto. On the one hand, it has links with tradition in that it uses the title and three-movement structure of the concerto, the traditional relationships of dialogue, solo and accompaniment, development of motives and virtuoso techniques. On the other hand, it breaks with tradition by disguising the contrasts and separation of the individual movements, and transforming traditional concerto techniques for use in the freely coordinated idiom that the composer was using at the time. It proves to be an excellent example of how concerto techniques can be combined with the techniques of the avant-garde.

scholarly journals RSPO Certification Impacts on Oil Palm Smallholders’ Welfare in Jambi Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dompak MT Napitupulu ◽  
NFN Rosyani ◽  
Ernawati HD ◽  
Rukaiyah Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Transaction Process ◽  
World Demand

<p>World demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) consistently increases. On the other hand, CPO market moves slowly probably due to Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification. International trade system requires large CPO producers to have a RSPO Certificate as one of requirements for exporting their product. It is expected that this requirement will also be applied immediately to smallholding oil palm plantations. This paper aims to analyze the benefits of RSPO certification on improving oil-palm smallholders’ welfare in Jambi Province. Data collected in this study were analyzed using both descriptive and quantitative methods. Results of the study showed that RSPO certification, in several aspects, significantly improved farmers’’ wealth, timely availability of input factors, oil palm yield, processing and marketing, and CSR financial support. It also indicates that oil palm plantation companies tend to give preferential treatment in transaction process with farmers having RSPO certificates.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Permintaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dunia pada dasarnya mengalami peaingkatan secara konsisten, namun pasar CPO cenderung mengalami kelesuan yang diduga sangat berkaitan dengan sertifikasi Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).  Sistem perdagangan internasional mengharuskan produsen CPO untuk memiliki sertifikat RSPO sebelum memasarkan produk ke luar negeri. Dapat diduga bahwa kewajiban memiliki sertifikat RSPO tidak akan hanya terbatas kepada pengusaha perkebunan besar, namun lambat laun akan juga diwajibkan untuk dimiliki oleh setiap pengusaha kebun kelapa sawit termasuk petani rakyat swadaya. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis manfaat sertifikasi RSPO terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani kelapa sawit swadaya di Provinsi Jambi. Data dalam penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan statistik nonparametrik. Sertifikasi RSPO dalam beberapa aspek telah dapat dirasakan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan petani khususnya dalam hal ketersediaan input produksi secara tepat waktu, peningkatan produktivitas, pengolahan hasil dan pemasaran, serta dukungan dana CSR dari perusahaan inti. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit cenderung memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan transaksi kepada kelompok tani yang sudah memiliki sertifikat RSPO.</p>

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