scholarly journals Pembelajaran Sejarah pada Masa Kolonialisme Belanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-152
Author(s):  
Faizal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

This article aims to examine the development of historical learning during the Dutch Colonialism period, especially after the implementation of the Ethical Policy. In the field of education, indigenous elite students have access to Western (Dutch) education with the Colonial-Centrism curriculum, including history lessons. Historical learning in the early twentieth century characterized by learning materials oriented towards European superiority, Dutch legitimacy over Colonialism in the Dutch East Indies, delegitimation of rulers (kings/sultans) in Nusantara, and the indoctrination of colonized nations to accept Colonialism. This research used the historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this research showed us that historical learning during the Colonialism period was oriented to legitimize the political power of Dutch Colonialism and indoctrination for indigenous elites to accept Colonialism. That is because historical learning has a strategic role in influencing elite indigenous students to receive and support colonial domination and structure in society. On the other perspectives, history lessons produced indigenous students that increase the ability of critical thinking about Colonialism and Western Imperialism.  

scholarly journals Military Operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Harald Høiback
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Operational Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Thinking

AbstractMilitary operations can be a complex and cumbersome undertaking, involving millions of soldiers and tonnes of equipment. Even though war has been part of human experience for time immemorial, systematic thinking about how to prepare, conduct, and use military operations is nonetheless a rather new undertaking. This chapter explores the history of thinking about military operations, broadly defined, and narrows down on operations as the concept is used today.After the historical exploration, the chapter investigates how military operations can be studied. In principle, there are four different ways to approach operations as a field of study. The most common methods are the historical method and operations research, i.e., making heuristic models of reality. Game theory and axiomatic foundationalism are the other two but are far less used than the former two.The development of modern military thinking notwithstanding, it is still difficult to convert military power to strategic gains, and the latter part of the chapter explains why. Military commanders and planning groups do not always get the what and why from the political level, making it difficult to find the how. Military operations are also intrinsically difficult because your opponent will try to make it difficult for you. The concept of an operational level of command is also problematic, since it tends to do the opposite of what is intended. Instead of pulling tactics and strategy closer together, it tends to push them apart. And finally, the word “art” in “operational art” is perhaps also an unfortunate misnomer?

scholarly journals Akses Pendidikan bagi Pribumi pada Periode Etis (1901-1930)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhriansyah ◽  
Intan Ranti Permatasari Patoni
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This article examines the dynamics of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' access to education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period. Considering that, the Netherlands was the longest-running country exploiting the Indies, the country was obliged to bear the burden of reciprocation on their colony. The burden of reciprocity was realised through an Ethical Policy that has three programs. They are irrigation, transmigration, and education. Of the three, Education was the program that had major impacts on the Indonesian national movement. This research used historical method. The result of this research showed us that although education had succeeded in undermining the Dutch colonial domination, the education during the Dutch Etichal Policy period was not fully given as a whole by the colonial government. Instead, it was very limited. The Dutch colonial policies, especially the one concerning education were driven by their interest of economic benefits for themselves over the improvement of the indigenous people of the Dutch East Indies' welfare.   Artikel ini membahas mengenai dinamika akses pendidikan bagi pribumi saat berlangsungya Politik Etis. Seperti yang diketahui, Belanda sebagai negara yang terlama mengeksploitasi Hindia Belanda membuat negara tersebut menanggung beban balas budi terhadap koloninya. Beban balas budi tersebut terwujud melalui program Politik Etis yang memiliki tiga program, yakni irigasi, transmigrasi, dan edukasi. Dari ketiga itu, pendidikan merupakan salah satu program Politik Etis dan salah satu program yang memiliki dampak besar bagi pergerakan nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis dengan analisis studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan meskipun pendidikan berhasil meruntuhkan dominasi kolonial, pendidikan saat periode Etis pun tidak serta merta langsung diberikan begitu saja oleh pemerintah kolonial meskipun tujuan Politik Etis adalah balas budi, pemberian pendidikan diberikan secara serba terbatas. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah kolonial, khususnya di bidang pendidikan didorong oleh kepentingan keuntungan ekonomi bagi mereka sendiri alih-alih oleh motif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat setempat.  

scholarly journals KPM VERSUS PELNI: PERSAINGAN MEREBUT HEGEMONI JARINGAN PELAYARAN DI NUSANTARA, 1945–1960

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Bambang Surowo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

This study examines the competition between KPM versus PT Pelni in seizing the network hegemony cruise in the archipelago in 1945 to 1960 using the historical method. KPM is a major shipping company that was also founded by two major companies Rotterdamsche Lloyd (RL) and Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN) headquartered in Amsterdam the Netherlands. KPM serve scheduled regular shipping route for passengers and cargo between islands in the Dutch East Indies then more popular with the term as a post cruise between islands. KPM also play an important role to support and assist the colonial government in the process of penetration and pacification (conquest), especially in areas outside Java. On the other hand, PT PELNI established by the Indonesian government in the framework of the national development of a country that is still young, especially in the field of shipping. PELNI as well as KPM, also serves as centraal vervoersapparaat. Therefore, the government considers KPM c.q PELNI that dominate the cruise between islands in Indonesia are competitors and inhibitors of national development in the field of shipping. Post-transfer of sovereignity and the cancellation of the agreement KMB unilaterally by President Sukarno on May 3, 1956 resulted in the position of Dutch companies including KPM are at stake. This was exacerbated by the outbreak of the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands on Dutch New Guinea or West Papua, Indonesia implement the program so that the overall nationalization of the Dutch companies, including KPM.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN KOLONIAL DAN POLITIK ASOSIASI: KAJIAN ATAS MEMOAR PANGERAN ARIA ACHMAD DJAJADININGRAT (1877-1943)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Iim Imadudin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies

AbstrakPenulisan artikel ini didasari perdebatan bagaimana sesungguhnya peranan para pangreh praja didikan Barat dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Oleh karena berada dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, mereka dianggap tidak berkontribusi dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan. Bahkan, mereka dianggap merintangi gerak langkah kaum pergerakan sehingga sering dianggap sebagai lawan politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap sejarah pemikiran dan mentalitas dari salah seorang bupati  terkemuka pribumi asal Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, melalui memoarnya yang berjudul Memoar Pangeran Aria Djajadiningrat. Pangeran Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat mengikuti pendidikan mulai dari HIS, ELS, hingga HBS di Batavia. Berbagai jabatan di pemerintahan diembannya, mulai dari bupati, anggota Volksraad, mindere welvaart comissie, hingga anggota Raad van Indie. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ahmad Djajadiningrat di satu sisi menjadi pemimpin tradisional yang kharismatis dan aparat pemerintah yang loyal, namun di sisi lain bersikap kritis terhadap kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda dan mendorong berkembangnya pergerakan nasional di tanah Banten. AbstractThe writing of this article is based on the actual debate on what the role of Western-based education of pangreh pradja is in the struggle for independence. Because it is in the Dutch East Indies, they are considered not to be contributing to the struggle for independence. In fact, they were considered to hinder the movement of the steps that are often regarded as political opponents. This study aims to reveal the history of thought and mentality of anative and famousleader from Banten, Ahmad Djajadiningrat, through his memoirs entitled Memoirs of Prince Aria Djajadiningrat. The Prince Aria Ahmad Djajadiningrat started his education in HIS, ELS, to HBS in Batavia.  The various positions in government was held, ranging from the regents, members of the Volksraad, mindere Welvaart comissie, until become a member of the Raad van Indie. This study uses historical method which consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results shows that Ahmad Djajadiningrat isa traditional charismatic leader and a loyal government official. On the other hand, he is critical to the Dutch East Indies government policies and encouraging the development of a national movement in Banten.

scholarly journals Martin Luther in the Light of Recent Criticism

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-230
Author(s):  
Ephraim Emerton
Keyword(s):  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The decade just passed has witnessed an unusual activity in the production of books about Martin Luther. This activity has been greatly stimulated by the re-introduction of a method of controversy which reasonable men had been hoping was forever silenced. Until about a generation ago there had been two obvious and hopelessly opposed ways of approach to the subject of Luther's character and work. From the one side he was presented as an angel of light; from the other as the type of a depraved and malicious spirit, moved to activity not through any desire to improve the condition of his people but because, being the malignant thing he was, he could not act otherwise. It need hardly be said to the readers of this Review that both of these views of Luther are essentially false. They are perfectly intelligible, one equally with the other. They are the natural precipitation of the bitter controversies that gathered about him in his life, and continued long after his death to complicate the political and economic struggles out of which the new Europe of our day was born. In the light of our modern historical method, both views appear crude and unscientific. They represent a way of looking at historical characters and historical events to which we are apt to apply the crushing word “old-fashioned.” And in fact it did seem, up to a very few years ago, that these primitive judgments, which classified men into good and bad, angels and fiends, had become a thing of the past.

scholarly journals The Implementation of the Cultuurstelsel in Java: Cases in Afdeeling Demak and Grobogan, Central Java versus in Afdeeling Pacitan, East Java 1830-1870

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-668
Author(s):  
Iswahyudi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

The Dutch colonial government in applying the Cultuurstelsel policy in Java in 1830 used traditional Javanese patterns of power to persuade farmers in certain regions to be willing to work in export plantations and surrender a portion of their land to be planted with governorate crops. Based on the description above, it would be interesting to see further about the implementation of the cultivation system in several afdeeling areas or regencies in Java because in Pacitan, East Java, it is said to have an impact on prosperity and welfare for farmers. On the other hand, in other regions, in Afdeeling Demak and Grobogan, Central Java, the opposite happened, namely that the implementation of the forced cultivation system actually had an impact on misery and poverty among the population. Regardless of whether Cultuurstelsel should be valued positively or negatively, most historians agree that the system had been one of the most important parts of Dutch colonialism in the Dutch East Indies from 1830 to 1870. Some at that time even thought that cultuurstelsel was the best colonial model that can be imagined.

scholarly journals Boedi Oetomo: The Multi Ethnic and Pioneering Organization to the Spirit of Nationalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winahyu Adha Yuniyati ◽  
Leo Agung ◽  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Government ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

The Dutch government had once launched the Ethical Policy in Indonesia, leading to the birth of the national movement. Indonesia implemented the national movement as an effort to build nationalism spirit of the people. The aim of this study is to analyze the nationalism spirit of Boedi Oetomo organization members during the movement period. This employed historical method, in addition to using literature study to analyze the data. Boedi Oetomo was the first organization established during the national movement in Indonesia. This organization is engaged in social and education, as a result of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia. This organization was run by scholars or students consisting of various ethnic backgrounds in Indonesia. From studies of literature, it is found an analysis of the nationalism spirit that appears on the members by joining Boedi Oetomo organization. The diversity of tribes, races and religions within the organization had never been a reason for dispersion, however, it is jsut a symbol to unite and realize the ideals of the Indonesian nation. Although Indonesia consists of many islands and the people of different ethnic and class backgrounds,  but by the spirit of nationalism can unite them.

scholarly journals RESPONS MUHAMMADIYAH DI INDONESIA TERHADAP ORDONANSI GURU AWAL ABAD XX

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaini Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Other ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Colonial Government

<strong>Abstrak:</strong> <strong> </strong>Studi ini tentang respons Muhammadiyah di Indonesia terhadap ordonansi guru tahun 1905 dan 1925. Melalui metode sosiologis-historis, peneliti menemukan konsistensi sikap Muhammadiyah terhadahap penghapusan aturan tersebut. Muhammadiyah cenderung lebih lunak dalam merespons ordonansi guru 1905, karena hanya mengeluarkan “Motie Persarikatan”. Sementara terhadap ordonansi guru 1925, Muhammadiyah menunjukkan respons yang lebih radikal melalui upaya-upaya penyadaran dan kritik secara terus menerus terhadap pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda. Temuan studi ini memperlihatkan keanekaragaman respons Muhammadiyah terhadap ordonansi guru 1905 dan 1925, adakalanya kooperatif namun terkadang bertentangan dengan Belanda.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Muhammadiyah, Indonesia, Ordonansi Guru<strong></strong><br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Abstract: Muhammadiyah Response Towards Teacher Ordinance at the Turn of the 20</strong><strong>th Century Indonesia</strong><strong>.</strong> This paper studies the Muhammadiyah's response in Indonesia to the teachers' ordinances in 1905 and 1925. Through the sociological-historical method, the researcher found consistency in the Muhammadiyah's attitude regarding the abolition of these rules. Muhammadiyah tends to be more flexible in responding to the 1905 teacher ordinance, because it only issued a "Motie Persarikatan". As for the 1925 teacher ordinance, however, Muhammadiyah showed a more radical response through continuous awareness and criticism of the Dutch East Indies colonial government. The findings of this study show the diversity of Muhammadiyah's responses to the Teacher Ordinances of 1905 and 1925, on the one hand cooperative but sometimes in conflict with the Netherlands on the other.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords: Muhammadiyah, Indonesia, </strong><strong>t</strong><strong>eacher </strong><strong>o</strong><strong>rdinance</strong><strong></strong>

scholarly journals The Role of Muslim Migrants in the Spread of Islam in East Africa: A Case Study of Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Aiseta Aisha
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
To Receive

Abstract The spread of Islam in Uganda is attributed to both foreign and local Muslim migrants. These included the Khartoumers who arrived in northern Uganda in 1830, the Arabs who arrived in 1844 and the Baganda, the first local community to receive Islam. The latter was instrumental in the spread of Islam in the Eastern and Western parts of the country. In the East, a group of Muslims arrived in the area with Semei Kakungulu around the twentieth century, a British colonial agent, and in their interactions with the locals they passed on tips of Islam to them. In the West, it was the Muslim refugees of the political and religious wars of 1880s/1890s that played a significant role. Muslims in Uganda still lag behind in many sectors and are divided along tribalistic grounds. However, the Baganda believe that they greatly contributed to the spread of Islam in the country. Thus, they should produce the overall Muslim leadership, a development which the other tribes cannot accept. They argue that although Islam entered Buganda first, it was not the Baganda who brought it. They, however, acknowledge the role played by the above-mentioned migrants. That is said, this paper illustrates how migrants contributed to the spread of Islam in Ugandaanalysis statistical method covering eight distinct retail elements through a nationwide sampling dispersal. Keywords: migrants, Muslims, Islam, refugees, Baganda, Arabs, Khartoumers, Nubians, Berbe

scholarly journals KPM VERSUS PELNI: PERSAINGAN MEREBUT HEGEMONI JARINGAN PELAYARAN DI NUSANTARA, 1945–1960

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Bambang Surowo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

This study examines the competition between KPM versus PT Pelni in seizing the network hegemony cruise in the archipelago in 1945 to 1960 using the historical method. KPM is a major shipping company that was also founded by two major companies Rotterdamsche Lloyd (RL) and Stoomvaart Maatschappij Nederland (SMN) headquartered in Amsterdam the Netherlands. KPM serve scheduled regular shipping route for passengers and cargo between islands in the Dutch East Indies then more popular with the term as a post cruise between islands. KPM also play an important role to support and assist the colonial government in the process of penetration and pacification (conquest), especially in areas outside Java. On the other hand, PT PELNI established by the Indonesian government in the framework of the national development of a country that is still young, especially in the field of shipping. PELNI as well as KPM, also serves as centraal vervoersapparaat. Therefore, the government considers KPM c.q PELNI that dominate the cruise between islands in Indonesia are competitors and inhibitors of national development in the field of shipping. Post-transfer of sovereignity and the cancellation of the agreement KMB unilaterally by President Sukarno on May 3, 1956 resulted in the position of Dutch companies including KPM are at stake. This was exacerbated by the outbreak of the conflict between Indonesia and the Netherlands on Dutch New Guinea or West Papua, Indonesia implement the program so that the overall nationalization of the Dutch companies, including KPM.

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