scholarly journals Drug Addiction in Sikkim: A Sociological Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

<p><em>In contemporary society, the full-fledged impact of modernization and globalization, which has led to free movement of people, goods and money across the countries of the world, can be witnessed. This has also opened the economic opportunities among the individuals and the communities in the society, which has become the new of life. Society has changed over the years and activities of the people have undergone changes. Even the substances used for inebriation have changed corresponding with the dynamics of society. Traditionally used drugs, marijuana and cannabis, have been replaced by modern synthetic drugs. The proliferation of pharmaceutical industries, which manufactures narcotic drugs, has directly and indirectly encouraged the use and the abuse of the drugs due to the easy access in the market. The epidemic of illicit drug users in the global society has increased significantly and simultaneously drug use associated crimes as well in the society.</em></p><p><em>A drug is a biological substance, synthetic or natural, that is taken primarily for non-dietary needs, and it is a substance, which affects the functioning of mind and body or both. Globally according to UNODC estimate, in 2009 between, 149 and 272 people or 3.3% to 6.1% of the population aged 15-64 has used illicit substance once in previous year. Cannabis and Amphetamine Type Stimulants [ATS] are two important drugs which are commonly used world-wide.(World Drug Report,2010;pg.123) Within Asia, ATS ranks as the main drug abuse in Thailand, Japan, Republic of Korea, Philippines and also China, Myanmar and Indonesia are in the second rank according to United Nations of Development Countries   [UNODC] in 2004.  Heroin, Cocaine and other drugs kill around 0.2 million people each year and causes health problems with incurable diseases. (Changing Drug abuse patterns and law enforcement strategies;pg.-134)  The European-Monitoring Center for Drug and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA] defines the problem of Drug use as injecting drug use as ‘injecting drug use or long duration regular use of opium, cocaine and amphetamines.’ World Health Organization [WHO] defines Drug Addiction as a ‘disease’  and the American Psychiatric Association defines drug abuse as the ‘illicit consumption of any naturally occurring of pharmaceutical substance for the purpose of changing the way, in which a person feels, thinks or behaves without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging physical and mental side effects that are caused.(World Drug Report,2012;pg.125-126).</em></p><p><em>Drug Abuse is a global phenomena and it is also abused in India. India is a diverse nation and is like many other nations afflicted by drug abuse and drug addiction among the youths in the society. Drugs like opium and cannabis were traditionally used by the people, which are taken as a pain reliever by the people. ‘Ganja was consumed to worship Hindu God, Lord Shiva, during the festival of ‘Shivratri’ in India.(B. Sundas, 2011;pg.50). According to a nation-wide survey spread over 13 states by a NGO, in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Child Development found that 32.1% children below the age of 18had tasted bhang, ganja, heroin or other forms of narcotics. (P. Mehta, 2011) In 2008, 5.3 million Indians aged 12 and older had abused cocaine in any form and 1.1 million had abused LSD at least once in the year. In 2008,453,000 Indians aged 12 and older had abused Heroin at least once in the year. In 2008,25.8 million Indians aged 12 and older had abused marijuana at least once in the year. In 2008,850,000 Indians aged 12 and older had abused methamphetamine at least once in the year.(Ibid,pg. 34-40).</em></p><p><em>Northeast has been challenged by serious problem of Drug use by the youth. Nagaland and Manipur are the two states in Manipur are the two states in North-East India, which has the highest prevalence of Intravenous Drugs (IDUs). Even cultivation of opium is done in Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh, and supplied to other parts of India. These are the easy routes of drug trafficking across the common borders of Myanmar and the three North-eastern States of India (Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland). There is illicit cultivation of opium and cannabis, the heroin and the amphetamines, and the pharmaceuticals are used as illicit drugs and trafficked in the North-east India. (Drug used in Northeastern States, India;pg.xiv).</em></p>

scholarly journals Understanding Substance Abuse and its Correlation with Social Changes in Sikkim: A Sociological Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Peter Rai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

<p>In contemporary society, the full-fledged impact of modernisation and globalisation which has given the free movement of people, goods and money across the countries of the world can be witnessed. This has also opened the economic opportunities among the individuals and communities in the society, which has become a new way of life. Society has changed over the years and activities of the people have also undergone social change. Even the trend of taking drugs has changed with change in society. Traditionally used drugs have been replaced by modern synthetic drugs. The proliferation of pharmaceutical industries, which manufactures narcotic drugs, has, directly and indirectly, encouraged the use and abuse of drugs due to easy access in the market. The epidemic of illicit drug users in the global society has increased significantly and simultaneously related crimes in society. </p><p>Drug abuse is global phenomena. A drug is a biological substance, synthetic or natural, which is taken primarily for non-dietary needs, and it is a substance, which affects the functioning of the mind and body or both. Globally, according to UNODC estimate, in 2009, between 149 and 272 million people, or 3.3% to 6.1% of the population aged 15-64, had used illicit substance once in the previous year. Cannabis and ATS (Amphetamine-type stimulants) are two important drugs which are commonly used worldwide. Within Asia, ATS ranks as the main drug of abuse in Thailand, Japan, Republic of Korea and the Philippines, and also China, Myanmar and Indonesia are in the second rank (UNODC, 2004). Heroin, cocaine and other drugs kill around 0.2 million people each year and also causes health problems with incurable diseases. The European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) defines the problem of drug use as, “injecting drug use or long duration regular use of opium, cocaine and amphetamines”. World Health Organisation (WHO), defines drug addiction as a ‘disease,’ and the American Psychiatric Association, define drug abuse as the ‘illicit consumption of any naturally occurring of pharmaceutical substance for the purpose of changing the way, in which a person feels, thinks or behaves, without understanding or taking into consideration the damaging physical and mental side-effects that are caused.'</p>

Killing Time With Enjoyment: A Qualitative Study of Initiation into Injecting Drug Use in North-East India

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kermode ◽  
Verity Longleng ◽  
Bangkim Chingsubam Singh ◽  
Kathryn Bowen ◽  
Angela Rintoul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

scholarly journals My first time: initiation into injecting drug use in Manipur and Nagaland, north-east India

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kermode ◽  
Verity Longleng ◽  
Bangkim Singh ◽  
Jane Hocking ◽  
Biangtung Langkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals More evidence or stronger political will: exploring the feasibility of needle and syringe programs in Ukrainian prisons

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dmitrieva ◽  
Vladimir Stepanov ◽  
Kateryna Svyrydova ◽  
Ievgeniia-Galyna Lukash ◽  
Svetlana Doltu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
Needle And Syringe Programs ◽  
Laws And Policies

Abstract Introduction In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended for prison authorities to introduce prison needle and syringe programs (PNSP) if they have any evidence that injecting drug use is taking place in prisons. This article presents descriptive evidence that injecting drug use takes place in Ukrainian prisons, it discusses how (denial of) access to injection equipment is regulated in the current system and what changes should be considered in order to implement PNSP. Background Ukrainian prisons still live by the laws and policies adopted in the Soviet Union. Besides laws and regulations, these legacies are replicated through the organization and infrastructure of the prison’s physical space, and through “carceral collectivism” as a specific form of living and behaving. Inviolability of the prison order over time helps the prison staff to normalize and routinely rationalize punishment enforcement as a power “over” prisoners, but not a power “for” achieving a specific goal. Methods The Participatory Action Research approach was used as a way of involving different actors in the study’s working group and research process. The data were gathered through 160 semi-structured interviews with prison health care workers, guards, people who inject drugs (PWID) who served one or several terms and other informants. Results The “expertise” in drug use among prisoners demonstrated by prison staff tells us two things—they admit that injecting use takes place in prisons, and that the surveillance of prisoner behavior has been carried out constantly since the very beginning as a core function of control. The communal living conditions and prison collectivism may not only produce and reproduce a criminal subculture but, using the same mechanisms, produce and reproduce drug use in prison. The “political will” incorporated into prison laws and policies is essential for the revision of outdated legacies and making PNSP implementation feasible. Conclusion PNSP implementation is not just a question of having evidence of injecting drug use in the hands of prison authorities. For PNSP to be feasible in the prison environment, there is a need for specific changes to transition from one historical period and political leadership to another. And, thus, to make PNSP work requires making power work for change, and not just for reproducing the power itself.

scholarly journals Problems of North-East People in Metro Cities of India: Need of Human Values for Happy and Healthy Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
N. Aamareswaran
Keyword(s):  
Human Values ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
North East India ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Country People ◽  
Individual Education

<div><p><em>In the present liberalized, privatized, globalized, scientific, technological, and digit world the life styles of human beings are changing from time to time. A man need values, principles and culture to become human. The main aim of education is all-round development i.e., physical, mental, spiritual, social, political, technological, and economic development of an individual. Education is a key for development. The people from North-East India in general and tribes in particular are migrating to the metro cities of India for better education, health and employment. Because of their physical features and geographical influence people from North-East India are facing problems at metro cities. Sometimes these problems are diverting or converting into a racial discrimination also. The real citizens of India are not treating as citizens of their own country people. It is a painful and not helpful for national integration. Lack of human values in individual is the only single reason behind these problems. In the present paper an attempt has been made to find the different types of problems and causes of problems. It is also suggested the valuable things to do to solve all types of problems for happy and healthy life. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Reja Md. Parvis
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Manpower Planning ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
The People ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Real Truth

In the 21st century, the crucial challenge of North-Eastern states will be how to strike a balance of the economy of the region with that of rest of India and also to ensure ecological balance. The real wealth of a nation is the human resource of the country. The basic aim of development of a country is to create environment for the people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives. But we often forgot this real truth in the pursuit of material and financial gain. The result is the destruction and diminishing of our natural resources, which must be combated. With the present paradigm, Human Development is the only alternative to have sustainable development. Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to human development without damaging environment and without disturbing the rights of future generations. Since the objective of development for a nation is to improve the welfare of its people, every nation strives hard not only to increase her wealth and productive resources but also to ensure a better standard of living for her citizens by providing them with adequate food, clothing, housing, medical facilities, education, etc. Manpower planning indicates planning of human resources for meeting development needs of the country. Just for the proper utilization of manpower resources, a country should impart proper education to its population and train its labour force in technology, engineering, management, medicine and in many other fields connected with the development of various aspects of the economy.

scholarly journals Ethno Medicinal Plants used for Aphrodisiac Activity in North-East, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Md Rejwan Ahmed Choudhury ◽  
Mrinmoy Basak
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Region ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
The Common

North Eastern Region of India is the home for a wide variety of plants with high medicinal value. The wide availability of the plant with high medicinal value has provided the ease of their use for generations among the various ethnic communities of the region to treat various kinds of health issues. This paper presents an extensive review of the various plants that were pointed out in various ethno botanical surveys that are being used by the people of North Eastern India with aphrodisiac activity. The common name along with the biological names and the part used and other details have been reported in the paper with an intention of making it easier for researchers to develop newer herbal aphrodisiac formulations.

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