scholarly journals The Portuguese Settlement on the Coromandel Coast, a Case Study of San Thome and Nagapattinam in the Seventeenth Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
A S Shngreiyo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coromandel Coast

<div><p><em>T</em><em>he origin of the Saint Thomas, who is believed to be buried at Mylapur gradually led to the emergence of San Thome as an important trading post for the Portuguese in the Coromandel Coast. The Portuguese discovered the remnants of the Saint when they excavated the place and it become a major influence in their settlement of the town called San Thome. San Thome slowly developed as an urban center in the sixteenth century. The chapter also attempts to show the crucial role that the Portuguese played in the process of urbanization and in the social and political spheres as well. Down the coast lies another Portuguese port called Nagapattinam probable it was the first Portuguese to settle at Coromandel Coast in the 1520s. The first Portuguese settlers were mostly private traders interested in the rice trade to Sri Lanka. Later it become one of the flourishing ports as many individual Portuguese settle down and do commerce.  It is said that more than seven hundred sailing vessels were frequently docked at the same time on the river. Every year these vessels carried more than twenty thousand measures of rice from here to the western Coast of India. The trade here attracted merchants from all parts of India as well as from Pegu, Malacca and Sumatra. However, both the port did not enjoy for long as it sweep away by the coming of other European countries in the following centuries.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Municipio y crédito en el Aragón moderno : el endeudamiento censal del concejo darocense (siglos XVI-XVII)

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mateos Royo
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Town Council ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Town

Este artículo analiza la situación financiera de los municipios en Aragón durante los siglos XVI y XVII a través de un ejemplo concreto: el Concejo de Daroca. El constante recurso al crédito generó un creciente endeudamiento que provocó su bancarrota durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII. El estudio muestra la evolución de este proceso de endeudamiento y sus causas. Establece asimismo la extracción social de los acreedores del Concejo y las principales decisiones municipales sobre el tema.This paper studies the financial situation of Town Counciis in Aragón during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries through a case study: the Daroca Town Council. Accumulating loans led to a progressive increase of debts, therefore municipal finances fell into bankrupcy during the second half of the seventeenth century. The research shows the evolution of this indebtedness process and its reasons. The paper also explores the social background of the Town CouncH's creditors and the main decisions by municipal authorities about this matter.

TWO RENAISSANCES: URBAN POLITICAL CULTURE IN POST-REFORMATION ENGLAND RECONSIDERED

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP WITHINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Renaissance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reformation England ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Historiography

This review reconsiders the place and importance of urban political culture in England between c. 1550 and c. 1750. Relating recent work on urban political culture to trends in political, social, and cultural historiography, it argues that England's towns and boroughs underwent two ‘renaissances’ over the course of the period: a ‘civic renaissance’ and the better-known ‘urban renaissance’. The former was fashioned in the sixteenth century; however, its legacy continued to inform political thought and practice over 150 years later. Similarly, although the latter is generally associated with ‘the long eighteenth century’, its attributes can be traced to at least the Elizabethan era. While central to broader transitions in post-Reformation political culture, these ‘renaissances’ were crucial in restructuring the social relations and social identity of townsmen and women. They also constituted an important but generally neglected dynamic of England's seventeenth-century ‘troubles’.

Toward the Decipherment of a Set of Mid-Colonial Khipus from the Santa Valley, Coastal Peru

Ethnohistory ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Medrano ◽  
Gary Urton
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Census Count ◽  
Color Coding ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coastal Peru

Abstract This article focuses on a linked pair of “documents” from mid-seventeenth-century coastal Peru. The analysis first examines a revisita (an administrative “revisit”) carried out in 1670 in settlements around the town of San Pedro de Corongo, in the lower Santa River Valley. The revisit describes a census of the population of what are described as six pachacas (“one-hundreds”) administrative/census units that usually coincided with ayllus (the Andean clanlike sociopolitical groups). The document identifies 132 tributaries distributed across the six ayllus, all but two of whom are identified by name. Tribute is assessed on this new census count. The information in the revisit is then compared to the organization of a group of six khipus (knotted-string recording devices) that were said to have been recovered from a burial in the Santa Valley. The six khipus are organized into a total of 133 color-coded groups of six cords. The knot values on the first cords of the six-cord groups total the same value as the tribute assessed in the revisit document, and it is argued on these grounds that the khipus and the revisit document pertain to the same administrative procedure. The attachment knots of the first cords of the six-cord groups vary in a binary fashion by attachment type (i.e., tied either “verso” or “recto”). It is argued that this construction feature divides the tributaries identified in the revisit into moieties; therefore, the khipus constitute a gloss on the social organization of the population identified in the revisit document. It is suggested that the names of the tributaries may be signed by color coding in the khipus.

De St. Lucasgilden van Haarlem en Delft in de zestiende eeuw

1985 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-108
Author(s):  
Hessel Miedema
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
The Social

AbstractIn preparing his Artists and Artisans in Delft, an important contribution to a better understanding of the social and economic circumstances of the members of the Guild of St. Luke in the seventeenth century, John M. Montias had at his disposal Pro fessor J. L. van der Gouw's transcription of the Delft account book recently acquired by the Municipal Archives there (Note 1). However, he did not discuss it in detail, as it dales from the mid sixteenth century. Thus it seems appropriate to publish it here (with an index of proper names) and to analyse it more closely in conjunction with a Haarlem account book of the same period (Note 2) and various other guild documents. In that analysis the emphasis will lie on the funclion of the guilds and the functions of their members in the guild context.

scholarly journals The Beginnings of the Cooperation of Free Royal Towns in the Kingdom of Hungary in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
István H. Németh
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
State Taxes ◽  
The Town

The study presents the possibilities and framework for cooperation between towns in Hungary through the operation of the Town League of Upper Hungary. The cooperation of towns in the Kingdom of Hungary happened primarily through regional relations. At first, the basis for cooperation was provided by common economic interests, but this area broadened considerably in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. After the battle of Mohács (1526), the towns of Hungary became full members of the Hungarian Estates. The Kingdom of Hungary, which was part of the Habsburg Monarchy, gained considerable autonomy in internal politics. This was based on a compromise with the Habsburg rulers to ensure protection against the Ottoman Empire. The free royal towns were the least influential members of this country that had strong Estates. Nevertheless, cooperation between the towns became nationwide. The diets provided the forum for all free royal towns in the country to represent their common interests in a coordinated way. There are traces of this nationwide cooperation as early as the mid-sixteenth century, but it was from the early seventeenth century that it was the strongest. The reason was that in those decades state taxes were becoming heavier and more burdensome for towns. This nationwide cooperation was not only manifested in the field of taxation, but from the first quarter of the seventeenth century onwards, it increasingly extended to religious matters. In the background, there was the increasing recatholization of the Habsburg Monarchy. In this special matter, close links were forged also with the otherwise strongly anti-urban lower nobility.

Morisco Prophecies at the French Court (1602-1607)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-123
Author(s):  
Mayte Green-Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
French Court

Abstract This article presents a case study of a rebellion conspiracy organized by a group of Moriscos—Spanish Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism—in the early seventeenth century. In order to carry out their plans, these Moriscos sought assistance from the French king Henry iv (r. 1589-1610). Analyzing a Morisco letter remitted to Henry iv and multiple archival sources, this article argues that prophecy served as a diplomatic language through which Moriscos communicated with the most powerful Mediterranean rulers of their time. A ‘connected histories’ approach to the study of Morisco political activity underscores the ubiquity of prophecies and apocalyptic expectations in the social life and political culture of the early modern Mediterranean. As a language of diplomacy, apocalyptic discourse allowed for minor actors such as the Moriscos to engage in politics in a language that was deemed mutually intelligible, and thus capable of transcending confessional boundaries.

scholarly journals Paradoxos da cidadania à brasileira: sociologia histórica do Campo jurídico no Brasil * Paradoxes of brazilian citizenship: historical sociology of the juridical Field in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
MÁRCIO CANIELLO
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
National Formation

<p class="Default"><strong>Resumo: </strong>Partindo da perspectiva analítica da sociologia histórica, este ensaio tem como objetivo demonstrar que a cidadania no Brasil, cingida pela desigualdade, tem um sentido peculiar e paradoxal. Daí, o designativo “à brasileira”. Forjado nos alvores da formação nacional, esse aspecto contraditório permanece incólume no âmbito do campo jurídico no Brasil, mesmo diante das transformações sociais, políticas e econômicas experimentadas pela sociedade brasileira no transcurso de sua história. Este ensaio procura reconstituir a configuração do <em>estatuto da desigualdade civil </em>no Brasil Colonial analisando o código legal coevo e as práticas nas arenas jurídicas para demonstrar que, em função de sua recorrência estrutural até os dias de hoje, é um traço perene da <em>cidadania à brasileira</em>.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: cidadania brasileira; desigualdade civil; justiça no Brasil.</p><p class="Default"><strong><br /></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract: </strong>Starting from the analytical perspective of the historical sociology, this paper aims to demonstrate that citizenship in Brazil, girt by inequality, has a peculiar and paradoxical sense. Forged at the dawn of national formation, this contradictory aspect remains unscathed within the juridical field in Brazil, despite the social, political and economic transformations experienced by Brazilian society in the course of its history. This essay seeks to reconstruct the configuration of the <em>civil inequality statute </em>in Brazil by analyzing the legal code and the practices in the legal arenas in the sixteenth-century and early seventeenth-century to demonstrate that, due to its structural recurrence up to the present day, is a perennial feature of the Brazilian citizenship.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Brazilian citizenship; civil inequality; Brazilian justice.</p>

Friedrich Fischer (1558–1623)

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-220
Author(s):  
Martin Christ
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Negotiated Agreements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religious Landscape

Chapter 8 centres on the Bautzen preacher Friedrich Fischer (1558–1623) and shows how the changing political and religious landscape of the early seventeenth century led to a repositioning of Lutheranism. A particularly valuable case study, Fischer demonstrates how Lutherans and Catholics constantly influenced each other, and how the complex mix of power resulted in negotiations with a wide range of actors: town councils, Lutheran preachers, Catholic deans, other clerics, representatives of the king of Bohemia, and sometimes even the king himself. The situation in these towns was never stagnant and councillors and clerics negotiated agreements throughout the sixteenth century. Fischer’s sermons show that this kind of continual compromise found its way into what was preached in Lusatia. Depending on the purpose and the audience, individuals like Fischer could criticize Calvinism or Catholicism, change their religious outlook, and leave out elements associated with Lutheranism, while at other times polemicizing against Catholics.

Blaming the messenger: a controversy in late Sanskrit poetics and its implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigal Bronner ◽  
Gary A Tubb
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Appayya Dīkṣita ◽  
Sanskrit Poetics ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe last active period in the tradition of Sanskrit poetics, although associated with scholars who for the first time explicitly identified themselves as new, has generally been castigated in modern histories as repetitious and devoid of thoughtfulness. This paper presents a case study dealing with competing analyses of a single short poem by two of the major theorists of this period, Appayya Dīkṣita (sixteenth century) and Jagannātha Paṇḍitarāja (seventeenth century). Their arguments on this one famous poem touch in new ways on the central questions of what the role of poetics had become within the Sanskrit world and the way in which it should operate in relation to other systems of knowledge and literary cultures.

scholarly journals AHP Methodology Application in Garage-parking Facility Location Selection

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš ◽  
Barbara Karleuša ◽  
Čedomir Benac
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Town ◽  
Selection Of

The paper deals with the selection of traffic infrastructure facility location by applying the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) multi-criteria analysis methodology. The proposed methodology is applied in a case study to solve the problem of selecting a location for the garage-parking facility in the town of defined characteristics. The paper analyses the characteristics of five potential locations (alternatives), the selection of criteria and measures for assessing the alternatives and presents the input data preparation, the application of the selected method and the analysis results. All the relevant criteria for the analyses were included: the traffic, the economic criteria and those which nowadays are of great significance: the influence of the facility on the environment and the social criteria which is in accordance with the sustainable development principles. The goal of the paper is to present the procedure of the AHP method application on the complex issue of traffic planning and to confirm the adequacy of the chosen method on the traffic facility strategic planning.

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