scholarly journals MORTALITY FORECAST IN RUSSIA BASED ON MONITORING MAJOR SOCIAL DETERMINANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
A.E. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Mortality Forecast

The prospect for increasing life expectancy in Russia is far from being disputed by experts, however the growth rate, its sustainability and achievability of the target indicators trigger extensive discussion in the scientific community. The purpose of the study is to develop a Russian mortality forecast until 2050 based on the hypotheses about effective monitoring over its major social determinants. Material and methods. Based on the material analysis of the Comprehensive monitoring over living conditions of the population, the author has assessed relevance of the National project measures in relation to the determinants of public health through self-assessment of living conditions and lifestyle. Two forecast scenarios have been developed. Results. In line with the "based on the current trends" scenario, life expectancy in Russia by 2050 may add up to 85.4 years in males and 87.7 years in females, mainly due to a significant drop in mortality in working ages and a shift of the beginning of the noticeable increase in mortality towards people aged over 70. According to the “taking into account additional policy measures" scenario, the male life expectancy can equal to 91.3 years and 93.9 years in females due to gaining almost a total control over mainly exogenous factors of mortality and reducing mortality to the minimum up to 75-80 years.

The Importance of Intercultural Communicative Competences for Tourism Labour Market: Students’ Views and their Self-Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Zuzana Sándorová
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Given

Abstract The present paper is founded on two pillars. Firstly, it is one of the current trends in education worldwide, i.e. to connect theory and practice. Secondly, it is the need to be interculturally competent speakers of a foreign language in today’s globalized world of massive migration flows and signs of increasing ethnocentrism. Based upon these two requirements, the ability to communicate in a FL effectively and interculturally appropriately in the tourism industry is a must, since being employed in whichever of its sectors means encountering other cultures on a daily basis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to find out undergraduate tourism students’ opinion on the importance of intercultural communicative competences for their future profession as well as their self-assessment in the given field. The findings of the research, which are to be compared to employers’ needs, revealed that there is considerable difference between the respondents’ views on the significance of the investigated issues and their self-esteem.

Gender and Regional Differences in the Life Expectancy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodionova ◽  
E. D. Kopnova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Poor Nutrition

The relevance of the chosen topic is closely related to the development of a system for monitoring the implementation of the May Presidential Decree (2018) to increase life expectancy and improve the quality of life of the population. It has been stated that despite the positive dynamics of life expectancy over the past decade, Russia still has a huge regional differentiation (16,6 years for women, 18,2 years for men in 2016) and an average gender gap - 10,6 years. The choice of factors affecting the gender gap in life expectancy in Russian regions is supported by a conclusion most common in foreign studies that climatic conditions, living conditions, the quality of food and drinking water, alcohol consumption are essential components of public health and life expectancy.The article provides an overview of studies on assessment factors of life expectancy, presents the authors’ approach to identifying gender gaps in life expectancy, living conditions, and lifestyle affecting the indicator of life expectancy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of gender gap in life expectancy in Russia and foreign countries. The paper studies the correlation between living conditions and lifestyle, and life expectancy.Classification of the regions by the life expectancy at birth for men and women is an important component of this study. The authors used Rosstat data for 2016 and the k-means method to select three clusters of Russian regions taking into account gender, living conditions and lifestyle. The paper identifies similar health problems of the regions that are associated with alcohol consumption, poor nutrition and poor quality of drinking water, poor housing and living conditions. The lowest life expectancy rates for men and women are recorded in regions of the 1st cluster (Jewish Autonomous Region, Republic of Tuva, Chukotka Autonomous Area). High mortality rates are a result of external causes. There is a poor quality of drinking water and poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, and inadequate housing conditions.Based on the obtained results were determined possible reserves for reducing the gender and regional differentiation of life expectancy.

scholarly journals A survey on local binary pattern and gabor filter as texture descriptors of smart profiling systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Shihab Hamad Khaleefah ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Noor Azah Samsudin ◽  
Mohammad Faidzul Nasrudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Local Binary Pattern ◽  
Gabor Filter ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Classification Image ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Local And Global Descriptors

With the dramatic expansion of image information nowadays, image processing and computer visions are playing a significant role in terms of several applications such as image classification, image segmentation, pattern recognition, and image retrieval. One of the important features that have been used in many image applications is texture. The texture is the characteristic of a set of pixels that formed the image. Therefore, analyzing such texture would have a significant impact on segmenting the image or detecting important portions of such image. This paper aims to overview the feature extraction and description techniques depicted in the literature to characterize regions for images. In particular, two of popular descriptors will be examined including Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Gabor Filter. The key characteristic behind such investigation lies in how the features of an image would contribute toward the process of recognition and image classification. In this regard, an extensive discussion is provided on both LBP and Gabor descriptors along with the efforts that have been intended to combine them. The reason behind investigating these descriptors is that they are considered the most common local and global descriptors used in the literature. The overall aim of this survey is to show current trends on using, modifying and adapting these descriptors in the domain of image processing.

scholarly journals California Healthy Places Index: Frames Matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-362
Author(s):  
Neil Maizlish ◽  
Tracy Delaney ◽  
Helen Dowling ◽  
Derek A. Chapman ◽  
Roy Sabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Social

Introduction: We describe the California Healthy Places Index (HPI) and its performance relative to other indexes for measuring community well-being at the census-tract level. The HPI arose from a need identified by health departments and community organizations for an index rooted in the social determinants of health for place-based policy making and program targeting. The index was geographically granular, validated against life expectancy at birth, and linked to policy actions. Materials and Methods: Guided by literature, public health experts, and a positive asset frame, we developed a composite index of community well-being for California from publicly available census-tract data on place-based factors linked to health. The 25 HPI indicators spanned 8 domains; weights were derived from their empirical association with tract-level life expectancy using weighted quantile sums methods. Results: The HPI’s domains were aligned with the social determinants of health and policy action areas of economic resources, education, housing, transportation, clean environment, neighborhood conditions, social resources, and health care access. The overall HPI score was the sum of weighted domain scores, of which economy and education were highly influential (50% of total weights). The HPI was strongly associated with life expectancy at birth ( r = 0.58). Compared with the HPI, a pollution-oriented index did not capture one-third of the most disadvantaged quartile of census tracts (representing 3 million Californians). Overlap of the HPI’s most disadvantaged quartile of census tracts was greater for indexes of economic deprivation. We visualized the HPI percentile ranking as a web-based mapping tool that presented the HPI at multiple geographies and that linked indicators to an action-oriented policy guide. Practice Implications: The framing of indexes and specifications such as domain weighting have substantial consequences for prioritizing disadvantaged populations. The HPI provides a model for tools and new methods that help prioritize investments and identify multisectoral opportunities for policy action.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment of Cultural Competence and Social Determinants of Health within a First-Year Required Pharmacy Course

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ulyana Kucherepa ◽  
Mary Beth O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The Self ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Before And After

As social determinants of health (SDOH) and health disparities are integrated with cultural competence in healthcare education, tools assessing multiple topics are needed. The Self-Assessment of Perceived Level of Cultural Competence (SAPLCC) survey is validated in student pharmacists and includes SDOH. The research objective was to determine if the SAPLCC survey can quantify cultural competence and SDOH course learning. First-year student pharmacists (N = 87) completed the SAPLCC survey anonymously before and after a social and administrative sciences course. The survey had 75 items with 1–4 Likert scales (4 high, total 300 points). All items were summed for the total score. Each item was assigned to a domain and factor. Factors were assigned to domains. The baseline total score was 190 ± 29 points, increasing by 63 ± 33 points post-course. All domains (i.e., knowledge, skills, attitudes, encounters, abilities, awareness), 13 of 14 factors, and total scores statistically increased. The SAPLCC tool captured student pharmacists’ self-reported changes in cultural competence and SDOH.

scholarly journals At-a-glance - The impact of poisoning-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in Canada, 2000 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Orpana ◽  
Justin J. Lang ◽  
Diana George ◽  
Jessica Halverson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Related Mortality

Increases in opioid-related mortality have contributed to declines in life expectancy at birth in the United States and British Columbia. Canadian national mortality data from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed to determine the contribution of poisoning-related mortality to changes in life expectancy at birth by age group and sex. From 2000 to 2016, life expectancy at birth increased by almost three years; however, mortality due to unintentional poisonings, including those involving opioids, curbed this increase by 0.16 years. Although a national decrease in life expectancy at birth has not been observed in Canada during this period, current trends suggest that the national opioid overdose crisis will continue to attenuate gains to life expectancy.

scholarly journals The Importance of Intercultural and Communicative Competences for Tourism Labour Market

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Sándorová
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Given

The present paper is founded on two pillars. Firstly, it is one of the current trends in education worldwide, i.e. to connect theory and practice. Secondly, it is the need to be interculturally competent speakers of a foreign language in today’s globalized world of massive migration flows and signs of increasing ethnocentrism. Based upon these two requirements, the ability to communicate in a FL effectively and interculturally appropriately in the tourism industry is a must, since being employed in whichever of its sectors means encountering other cultures on a daily basis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to find out undergraduate tourism students’ opinion on the importance of intercultural communicative competences for their future profession as well as their self-assessment in the given field. The findings of the research, which are to be compared to employers’ needs, revealed that there is considerable difference between the respondents’ views on the significance of the investigated issues and their self-esteem.

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