Asylum Seekers, Violence and Health: A Systematic Review of Research in High-Income Host Countries

ObjectivesTo thematically synthesise primary qualitative studies that explore challenges and facilitators for health professionals providing primary healthcare for refugees and asylum seekers in high-income countries.DesignSystematic review and qualitative thematic synthesis.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science. Search terms were combined for qualitative research, primary healthcare professionals, refugees and asylum seekers, and were supplemented by searches of reference lists and citations. Study selection was conducted by two researchers using prespecified selection criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was conducted by the first author. A thematic synthesis was undertaken to develop descriptive themes and analytical constructs.ResultsTwenty-six articles reporting on 21 studies and involving 357 participants were included. Eleven descriptive themes were interpreted, embedded within three analytical constructs: healthcare encounter (trusting relationship, communication, cultural understanding, health and social conditions, time); healthcare system (training and guidance, professional support, connecting with other services, organisation, resources and capacity); asylum and resettlement. Challenges and facilitators were described within these themes.ConclusionsA range of challenges and facilitators have been identified for health professionals providing primary healthcare for refugees and asylum seekers that are experienced in the dimensions of the healthcare encounter, the healthcare system and wider asylum and resettlement situation. Comprehensive understanding of these challenges and facilitators is important to shape policy, improve the quality of services and provide more equitable health services for this vulnerable group.

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The mental health status of asylum seekers in middle- to high-income countries: a synthesis of current global evidence

British Medical Bulletin ◽

10.1093/bmb/ldaa010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 4-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miriam Posselt ◽

Heather McIntyre ◽

Mtho Ngcanga ◽

Thomas Lines ◽

Nicholas Procter

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

High Income ◽

World Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Host Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction The last 5 years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of people fleeing their countries of origin and seeking refuge in host countries. By the end of 2018, there were 3.5 million asylum seekers awaiting outcomes on their applications, the majority of whom were hosted by middle- to high-income countries. This review aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge regarding the mental health status of asylum seekers in middle- to high-income countries. Sources of data A search was conducted across various databases for research literature published within the last 5 years (2014–2019). The final review and synthesis included 25 articles. Areas of agreement Findings highlighted significant differences in the mental health status of asylum seekers compared to those with refugee status and permanent residence. Areas of controversy Guidelines from the World Health Organization and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees emphasize the need to understand and address mental health issues. Instead, there have been policy changes in many host countries regarding asylum applications, and the associated effects of these changes have been shown to negatively impact mental health. Growing points The synthesized findings from the present review provide information regarding the current mental health status of asylum seekers hosted by middle- to high-income countries. Areas of intervention and resource allocation were also identified. Areas timely for developing research Future research should consider the impact of large-scale, low-cost interventions to support the mental health of those seeking asylum.

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Barriers and facilitators to dental care access among asylum seekers and refugees in highly developed countries: a systematic review

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01321-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martha Paisi ◽

Rebecca Baines ◽

Lorna Burns ◽

Anastasios Plessas ◽

Philip Radford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dental Care ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Host Countries ◽

Care Access ◽

Health And Social Care ◽

Access To Dental Care ◽

Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Abstract Background Dental diseases are prevalent among asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs). Despite significant treatment needs, access to dental care in host countries is often limited. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the barriers and enablers to dental care access for ASRs in host countries of very high development. Methods Five health and social care databases and eight grey literature sources of information were searched. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to critically appraise included studies. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify common themes. These were then deductively organised according to Penchansky and Thomas’s modified access model. All review stages were conducted by two independent reviewers. Results Nine papers were included in the review. ASRs encounter significant challenges to accessing dental care in their host countries. These include affordability, communication difficulties, insufficient interpretation, limited knowledge of the healthcare systems and healthcare rights, and negative encounters with healthcare teams. The views and experiences of dental care teams providing care to ASRs were explored in only one study. Conclusions Both population and healthcare characteristics influence access to dental care for ASRs. Affordability, awareness and accommodation are most frequently described as barriers to dental access for this population. The diverse needs of this population need to be recognised by policy makers, commissioners and practitioners alike. Cultural competence needs to be incorporated into dental services and any interventions to improve access to dental care for this population. Registration PROSPERO- International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42019145570).

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Mistrust, anger, and hostility in refugees, asylum seekers, and immigrants: A systematic review.

Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne ◽

10.1037/cap0000131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 239-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

María José da Silva Rebelo ◽

Mercedes Fernández ◽

Joseba Achotegui

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Asylum Seekers

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Oral health problems facing refugees in Europe: a scoping review

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11272-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eiad Zinah ◽

Heba M. Al-Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Oral Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Oral Health Care ◽

Health Problems ◽

Host Countries ◽

Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Abstract Introduction Europe has been experiencing a flow of refugees and asylum seekers driven by conflicts or poverty. Their oral health is often neglected despite its clear impact on quality of life. Objective To explore the status of oral health among refugees and asylum seekers groups by examining the available literature and to determine which evidence exists regarding the problems they face in terms of oral health. Methods The current paper followed PRISMA guidelines. A scoping review methodology was followed to retrieve 2911 records from five databases and grey literature. Twelve articles met the following inclusion criteria: experimental research concentrated on the oral and dental health of refugees and/or asylum seekers between 1995 and 2020 in English. Analysis was both descriptive and thematic, whilst a critical appraisal was applied using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). Results Seven studies (58,3%) were quantitative, while five studies (41,6%) were qualitative. In general, the quality of most of the studies (83.3%) was good. Limited access to oral health care services was shown with a higher prevalence of oral diseases compared to the native populations of the host countries. Approaches to improve oral health have been implemented in some studies and have shown positive outcomes. Conclusions Oral health care strategies should consider the oral health problems facing refugees in Europe, and oral health promotion campaigns are essential to give adequate guidance on how to access oral health care in the host countries.

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Risk of infection in antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria carriers: A systematic review

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

G Arzilli ◽

G Scardina ◽

V Casigliani ◽

M Moi ◽

E Lucenteforte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Infection Rate ◽

High Income ◽

Attributable Mortality ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Term Care ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Risk Of Progression

Abstract Background Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMR-GNB) have emerged as important health care-associated pathogens. Infections with AMR-GNB are associated with high patient morbidity and attributable mortality. Colonization is a prerequisite for infection, however the extent to which colonized patients develop infection is unclear. This systematic review explored the risk of developing infection during hospitalisation among AMR-GNB faecal carriers. Also, we investigated the acquisition rate for AMR-GNB colonization among patients not colonized at admission. Methods We searched on PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases for studies published from 2010 up to April 2019. We included studies reporting on hospitalised patients ≥18 years old in high-income countries (excluding long-term care facilities). Results Out of 9496 articles, 55 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Forty-two studies reported data from EU/EEA, 6 from USA and 7 from other regions. Almost all studies (n = 45) were conducted in university hospitals. Most studies (n = 41;74.5%) were performed in high-risk wards (ICU, haematology, burn units and transplant units). Out of 55 studies, 8 examined AMR-GNB, 27 Enterobacteriaceae, while the others investigated specific pathogens: Klebsiella spp. (n = 11), E. Coli (n = 2), A. Baumannii (n = 3) and P. Aeruginosa (n = 4). The rate of AMR-GNB carriage acquisition was 10.5% (n = 40 studies; 95% CI:8.2-13.1). The risk of progression to infection among patients colonized at hospital admission was 13.9% (n = 15; 5.4-24.9), while the infection rate in patients who acquired carriage during hospitalization was 23.0% (n = 7; 5.9-45.2). Patients with an undefined time of colonization presented an infection rate of 16.9% (n = 13; 11.2-23.4). Considering these three populations as a whole, the risk of developing infection was 16.0% (11.0-21.0). Conclusions Our results suggest that risk of progression to infection in AMR-GNB colonized patients in hospital setting is high. Key messages The aim of our study was to estimate the risk of progression to infection, during hospital stay, in patients colonized by AMR-GNB at hospital admission in high-income countries. Our results suggest that faecal colonization with AMR-GNB poses a 16.0% risk of subsequent AMR-GNB infection. This risk in higher (23.0%) in patients who acquired colonization during hospitalisation.

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Barriers and Facilitators to HIV Testing in Migrants in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-015-1095-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 2012-2024 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Sarah J. Blondell ◽

Bryony Kitter ◽

Mark P. Griffin ◽

Jo Durham

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

High Income ◽

Barriers And Facilitators

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DISTÂNCIA PSICOLÓGICA NO MARKETING DE PRODUTOS NOSTÁLGICOS PARA COMUNIDADES EM DIÁSPORA: O CASO VENEZUELANO

Revista de Administração de Empresas ◽

10.1590/s0034-759020220103x ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Walter Palomino-Tamayo ◽

Maria Christina Saksanian ◽

Otto Regalado-Pezúa

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Host Country ◽

Construal Level Theory ◽

Construal Level ◽

Buying Behavior ◽

Host Countries ◽

International Context

ABSTRACT With this first systematic review of specific literature about diaspora marketing, it was found that this emerging literature focuses mainly on opportunities related to trade, tourism, and the acculturation between countries with different languages in only one host country. This research contributes toward a greater understanding of diaspora buying behavior using the construal level theory, specifically regarding the purchase of nostalgic products and services, examining the case of Venezuelan diaspora in the broader international context of five host countries: Colombia, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Panama Another contribution is the use of e-WOM metrics derived from advertising posts on Instagram. The results show that diaspora consumers in host countries that have higher levels of individualism, less masculinity, and are further geographically from their homeland seek to consume greater amounts of nostalgic products.

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