scholarly journals Monitoring Self-Perceived Occupational Health Inequities in Central America, 2011 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Michael Silva-Penaherrera ◽  
David Gimeno Ruiz de Porras ◽  
George L. Delclos ◽  
Marianela Rojas Garbanzo ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Central America ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Population Attributable Risks ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To analyze changes in occupational health inequity between 2011 and 2018 among workers in Central America. Methods. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews at the workers’ homes for the 2 Central America Working Conditions Surveys (n=12 024 in 2011 and n=9030 in 2018). We estimated health inequity gaps by means of absolute and relative population attributable risks and the weighted Keppel index. We stratified all analyses by gender. Results. Between 2011 and 2018, the proportion of workers reporting poor self-perceived health decreased both in women (from 32% to 29%) and men (from 33% to 30%). However, the health inequity gaps remained wide in the 4 stratifiers. Measured by the Keppel index, health inequity gaps between countries increased from 22% to 39% in women and from 20% to 29% in men. Conclusions. While health improved between 2011 and 2018, health inequity gaps remained wide. Wider health inequity gaps were observed between countries than by gender, age, occupation, or education. Public Health Implications. This first benchmark of occupational health inequities in Central America could be useful when developing and evaluating the impact of public policies on work. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306276 )

scholarly journals Lockdowns, lives and livelihoods: the impact of COVID-19 and public health responses to conflict affected populations - a remote qualitative study in Baidoa and Mogadishu, Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien H. Braam ◽  
Sharath Srinivasan ◽  
Luke Church ◽  
Zakaria Sheikh ◽  
Freya L. Jephcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Authorities in Somalia responded with drastic measures after the first confirmed COVID-19 case in mid-March 2020, closing borders, schools, limiting travel and prohibiting most group functions. However, the impact of the pandemic in Somalia thereafter remained unclear. This study employs a novel remote qualitative research method in a conflict-affected setting to look at how some of the most at-risk internally displaced and host populations were impacted by COVID-19, what determined their responses, and how this affected their health and socio-economic vulnerability. Methods We conducted a remote qualitative study, using Katikati, a 1-to-1 conversation management and analysis platform using short message service (SMS) developed by Lark Systems with Africa’s Voices Foundation (AVF), for semi-structured interviews over three months with participants in Mogadishu and Baidoa. We recruited a gender balanced cohort across age groups, and used an analytical framework on the social determinants of health for a narrative analysis on major themes discussed, triangulating data with existing peer-reviewed and grey literature. Results The remote research approach demonstrated efficacy in sustaining trusted and meaningful conversations for gathering qualitative data from hard-to-reach conflict-affected communities. The major themes discussed by the 35 participants included health, livelihoods and education. Two participants contracted the disease, while others reported family or community members affected by COVID-19. Almost all participants faced a loss of income and/or education, primarily as a result of the strict public health measures. Some of those who were heavily affected economically but did not directly experienced disease, denied the pandemic. Religion played an important role in participants’ beliefs in protection against and salvation from the disease. As lockdowns were lifted in August 2020, many believed the pandemic to be over. Conclusions While the official COVID-19 burden has remained relatively low in Somalia, the impact to people’s daily lives, income and livelihoods due to public health responses, has been significant. Participants describe those ‘secondary’ outcomes as the main impact of the pandemic, serving as a stark reminder of the need to broaden the public health response beyond disease prevention to include social and economic interventions to decrease people’s vulnerability to future shocks.

scholarly journals Health inequity in workers of Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
María Lopez-Ruiz ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
Antonio Ramón Gómez-García ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Background: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is the world’s most inequitable region in terms of wealth distribution. The full scale of social inequalities in health has been hidden by the lack of reliable data. This study aimed to measure and compare health inequalities in the working population within and between 15 countries of LAC. Methods: A sample of 180 163 workers aged 18 years and older was drawn from the most recent national surveys of working conditions or health in 15 LAC countries. Poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) was used as a health indicator, and age, education level, and occupational category as inequality stratifiers. We calculated four measures: absolute and relative population-attributable risks, the Kuznets and weighted Keppel indexes.Results: P-SPH prevalence ranged from 9% in men from Uruguay to 50% in women from Nicaragua. It was higher in women than in men in most countries. A clear gradient was shown, in which young people in non-manual skilled jobs and high education had the lowest prevalence. Nearly 45% of cases that reported P-SPH among men and 35% among women could be avoided if all the groups received a higher level of education. Also, approximately 42% of P-SPH reported by men and 31% by women could be avoided if they all shared the working and employment conditions of non-manual skilled jobs. Conclusions: Wide health inequalities were found between occupational and educational groups in LAC. However, country borders appear to be an even more important stratifier in the production of health inequalities. Urgent interventions to improve worker’s health are needed in countries where prevalence of poor self-perceived health is high. Strengthening occupational health surveillance system in LAC countries should become a priority, in order to track the interventions to reduce occupational health inequity.

Experiential Learning in the Classroom: The Impact of Entrepreneurial Pitches for Global Health Pedagogy

2020 ◽  
pp. 237337992093072
Author(s):  
Obidimma Ezezika ◽  
Jenny Gong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Impact

Traditional experiential learning techniques have been incorporated into public health curricula in the past; however, research has demonstrated the need for more applied and innovative approaches to experiential learning. We introduced an entrepreneurial pitch project where students had the opportunity to design and present technological and social innovations to an external panel of judges. We then evaluated the impact of such pitches on experiential learning by conducting semistructured, face-to-face interviews with student participants. The interview transcripts were analyzed in light of Kolb’s experiential learning theoretical framework. The results of the study indicated that the process of preparing and delivering entrepreneurial pitches was rewarding for students and enhanced their learning experience. The process provided students with concrete experiences and demonstrated elements of abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. However, the results also illustrated that the entrepreneurial pitch process could be strengthened by the addition of critical self-reflection activities. Through the results of this study, we have created a narrative on how entrepreneurial pitches might foster experiential learning in global health pedagogy and provided recommendations for course designers and instructors to consider in maximizing experiential learning for students.

scholarly journals The Occupational Health and Safety Performance, of a Multinational Industrial Compagny Located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4790-4796
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to present a statistical approach using latent and manifest variables applied to measure the occupational health and safety performance of a worldwide enterprise (energy sector) located in Casablanca, Kingdom of Morocco. The principal idea is to measure the impact of occupational health and safety practices OHS (which are divided into seven segments: Leadership and worker participation, Planning, Support, Operation, Improvement, Performance evaluation and Organizational context) on the OHS performance (which is divided into two perspectives: (Workers Results perspectives and Finance Results perspectives), enabling the company to characterize her performance regarding to the ISO 45001 standard's. To do this, we use the SEM’s resolution based on the Partial Least squares (PLS) method via the XL-STAT software on a sample of 139 questionnaires administered face-to-face with managers, technicians, engineers and directors of this company. The obtained results could be examined in order to analyze the occupational health and safety management system performance, in order to reveal the challenges faced by company to maintain the ISO 45001 and to make suggestion to improve operational health and safety process, plan the improvements and develop an action plan.

scholarly journals Health inequalities in workers from fifteen countries of Latin America and the Caribbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
María Lopez-Ruiz ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
Antonio Ramón Gómez-García ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Background: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is the world’s most inequitable region in terms of wealth distribution. The full scale of social inequalities in health has been hidden by the lack of reliable data. This study aimed to measure and compare health inequalities in the working population within and between 15 countries of LAC. Methods: A sample of 180 163 workers ages 18 years and older was drawn from the most recent national surveys of working conditions or health in 15 LAC countries. Poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) was used as a health indicator, and age, education level, and occupational category as inequality stratifiers. We calculated four measures: absolute and relative population-attributable risks, the Kuznets and weighted Keppel indexes. Results: P-SPH prevalence ranged from 9% in men from Uruguay to 50% in women from Nicaragua. It was higher in women than in men in most countries. A clear gradient was shown, in which young people in non-manual skilled jobs and high education had the lowest prevalence. Nearly 45% of cases that reported P-SPH among men and 35% among women could be avoided if all the groups received a higher level of education. Also, approximately 42% of P-SPH reported by men and 31% by women could be avoided if they all shared the working and employment conditions of non-manual skilled jobs. Conclusions: Wide health inequalities were found between occupational and educational groups in LAC. However, country borders appear to be an even more important stratifier in the production of health inequalities. Urgent intervention is needed in countries where prevalence of poor self-perceived health is high. Monitoring of occupational health inequity is essential to inform public policies. Key words: Health inequalities, occupational health; self-perceived health, inequity

Undergraduate Environmental Public Health Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Q. Ahonen ◽  
Steven E. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Evaluation ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
Environmental And Occupational Health

Environmental, occupational, and public health in the United States are practiced across a fragmented system that makes work across those areas more difficult. A large proportion of currently active environmental and occupational health professionals, advocates, policy makers, and activists are nearing retirement age, while some of our major health challenges are heavily influenced by aspects of environment. Concurrently, programs that educate undergraduate college students in environmental health are faced with multiple, often competing demands which can impede progressive movement toward dynamic curricula for the needs of the twenty-first century. We describe our use of developmental evaluation to negotiate these challenges in our specific undergraduate education program, with the dual aims of drawing attention to developmental evaluation as a useful tool for people involved in environmental and occupational health advocacy, policy-making, activism, research, or education for change, as well as to promote discussion about how best to educate the next generation of environmental public health students.

scholarly journals Health inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean: a sample of 182 596 workers from 15 countries.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
María Lopez-Ruiz ◽  
Pamela Merino-Salazar ◽  
Antonio Ramón Gómez-García ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Population Attributable Risks

Abstract Background: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is the world’s most inequitable region. The full scale of social inequalities in health has been hidden by the lack of reliable data. This study aimed to measure and compare health inequalities in the working population within and between 15 countries of LAC. Methods: A sample of 182 596 workers over 17 years old was drawn from the most recent national surveys of working conditions or health in 15 LAC countries. Poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) was used as a health indicator, and age, education level, and occupational category as inequality stratifiers. We calculated four measures: absolute and relative population-attributable risks, the Kuznets and weighted Keppel indexes. Results: P-SPH prevalence ranged from 9% in men from Uruguay to 50% in women from Nicaragua. It was higher in women than in men in most countries. A clear gradient was shown, in which young people in non-manual skilled jobs and high education had the lowest prevalence. Nearly 42% of cases that reported P-SPH among men and 36% among women could be avoided if all the groups received a higher level of education. Also, approximately 35% of P-SPH reported by men and 30% by women could be avoided if they all shared the working and employment conditions of non-manual skilled jobs. Conclusions: We found that land borders generate more occupational health inequality than any other variable, with urgent intervention needed in countries where prevalence of poor self-perceived health is high. Monitoring of occupational health inequity is essential to inform public policies.

scholarly journals Dakwah di masa pandemi Covid-19: Eksistensi, problematika serta solusi

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Suprima Suprima ◽  
Muhamad Parhan ◽  
Abizar Khairulimam ◽  
Mita Nurfitriyani ◽  
Salza Nabila Ababil
Keyword(s):  
Religious Activities ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Staying At Home

This research is motivated by the presence of the covid-19 outbreak, which causes many activities that cannot be done by gathering and meeting face to face. This impact is not only in the world of business or education, but also has an impact on worship activities and other religious activities such as congregational prayer at the mosque, weekly recitation at the mosque, including listening to dakwah directly from the ulama.  With the covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic that has spread to various countries, another step is needed in religious activities to prevent and break the covid-19 chain so that it does not spread widely. So staying at home and maintaining a distance is the choice of muslims when circumstances are felt to be detrimental to themselves and other.  In respone to this, it is necessary to conduct a study of some of the impact that occur in dakwah activities in the middle of a pandemic, which aims to find out whether due to the many obstacles, dakwah activities are still being carried out or not. To achieve this goal, this study used a qualitative-descriptive research method with litelature study techniques. The result of this study obtained data and the fact that there are many problems in dakwah in a pandemic situation like this. However, the data shows that the problems that occur are not a barrier to the existence of dakwah amid the covid-19 pandemic. ***Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hadirnya wabah covid-19, yang menyebabkan banyaknya aktivitas dan kegiatan yang tidak bisa dilakukan dengan berkumpul dan bertatap muka secara langsung. Dampak tersebut bukan hanya dalam dunia usaha ataupun pendidikan saja, tetapi juga berdampak pada kegiatan beribadah dan kegiatan keagamaan lainnya seperti salat fardhu berjama’ah di masjid, pengajian mingguan di masjid, termasuk mendengarkan dakwah dari para ulama secara langsung pun terhenti. Dengan adanya wabah covid-19 sebagai pandemi yang telah tersebar ke berbagai negara, diperlukan suatu langkah lain dalam kegiatan keagamaan untuk pencegahan dan memutus rantai covid-19 agar tidak tersebar dan tidak meluas. Maka tetaplah di rumah dan tetap menjaga jarak merupakan pilihan umat Islam saat keadaan sekitar dirasa dapat merugikan diri sendiri dan orang lain. Menyikapi hal tersebut perlu kiranya dilakukan kajian terhadap beberapa dampak yang terjadi pada kegiatan berdakwah di tengah pandemi, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah dengan banyaknya kendala, kegiatan berdakwah tetap terlaksana atau tidak. Untuk mencapai tujuan tesebut, dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif dengan teknik studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh data dan fakta bahwa banyak sekali problematika dalam dakwah di dalam situasi pandemi seperti ini, tetapi di dalam data tersebut menunjukan bahwa problematika yang terjadi tidak menjadi penghalang dalam keeksistensian dakwah di tengah pandemi covid-19.

Maximizing Community Voices to Address Health Inequities: How the Law Hinders and Helps

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Ralston Aoki ◽  
Christina Peters ◽  
Laura Platero ◽  
Carter Headrick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Native People ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Tribal Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Autonomy

This paper highlights the need to apply an equity lens when assessing the impact of preemption and related legal doctrines on community health. Community autonomy to set and pursue public health priorities is an essential part of achieving health equity. Unfortunately, the priorities of organized industry interest groups often conflict with health equity goals. These groups have a history of successfully using law to limit community autonomy to pursue public health measures, most notably through preemption and related legal doctrines. We examine this phenomenon using two examples. First, we look at dental association efforts to block the spread of dental therapists in Indian Country. Native dental therapists have been improving the oral health of native people in Alaska for over a decade; yet the national and state dental associations have sought with mixed success to leverage state and federal laws to hinder other tribal governments from utilizing these providers. We compare these efforts with a restaurant association-led movement to limit what municipal governments can do to address food-based health inequities, focusing on a “model” ALEC bill that started in Ohio. Finally, we discuss how municipalities and Tribes are fighting back and continuing to pursue health equity for their communities.

scholarly journals Food-based dietary guidelines and implementation: lessons from four countries – Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Keller ◽  
Tim Lang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Or Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveFood-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are globally promoted as an important part of national food and nutrition policies. They are presented within policy as key features of the strategy to educate the public and guide policy-makers and other stakeholders about a healthy diet. This paper examines the implementation of FBDGs in four countries: Chile, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa – diverse countries chosen to explore the realities of the FBDG within policy on public health nutrition.DesignA literature review was carried out, followed by interviews with representatives from the governmental, academic and private sector in all four countries.ResultsIn all four countries the FBDG is mainly implemented via written/electronic information provided to the public through the health and/or education sector. Data about the impact of FBDGs on policy and consumers’ food choice or dietary habits are incomplete; nutrition surveys do not enable assessment of how effective FBDGs are as a factor in dietary or behavioural change. Despite limitations, FBDGs are seen as being valuable by key stakeholders.ConclusionFBDGs are being implemented and there is experience which should be built upon. The policy focus needs to move beyond merely disseminating FBDGs. They should be part of a wider public health nutrition strategy involving multiple sectors and policy levels. Improvements in the implementation of FBDGs are crucial given the present epidemic of chronic, non-communicable diseases.

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