Cross-Sector Monitoring and Evaluation Framework: Social, Economic, and Health Conditions Impacted During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (S3) ◽  
pp. S215-S223
Author(s):  
Eva Y. Wong ◽  
Abigail Schachter ◽  
Hannah N. Collins ◽  
Lin Song ◽  
Myduc L. Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sector Data

Public Health 3.0 approaches are critical for monitoring disparities in economic, social, and overall health impacts following the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated policy changes to slow community spread. Timely, cross-sector data as identified using this approach help decisionmakers identify changes, track racial disparities, and address unintended consequences during a pandemic. We applied a monitoring and evaluation framework that combined policy changes with timely, relevant cross-sector data and community review. Indicators covered unemployment, basic needs, family violence, education, childcare, access to health care, and mental, physical, and behavioral health. In response to increasing COVID-19 cases, nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies were implemented in March 2020 in King County, Washington. By December 2020, 554 000 unemployment claims were filed. Social service calls increased 100%, behavioral health crisis calls increased 25%, and domestic violence calls increased 25%, with disproportionate impact on communities of color. This framework can be replicated by local jurisdictions to inform and address racial inequities in ongoing COVID-19 mitigation and recovery. Cross-sector collaboration between public health and sectors addressing the social determinants of health are an essential first step to have an impact on long-standing racial inequities. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(S3):S215–S223. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306422 )

scholarly journals Inequities in Hypertension Control in the United States Exposed and Exacerbated by COVID‐19 and the Role of Home Blood Pressure and Virtual Health Care During and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Bress ◽  
Jordana B. Cohen ◽  
David Edmund Anstey ◽  
Molly B. Conroy ◽  
Keith C. Ferdinand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Crisis

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic is a public health crisis, having killed more than 514 000 US adults as of March 2, 2021. COVID‐19 mitigation strategies have unintended consequences on managing chronic conditions such as hypertension, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and health disparities in the United States. During the first wave of the pandemic in the United States, the combination of observed racial/ethnic inequities in COVID‐19 deaths and social unrest reinvigorated a national conversation about systemic racism in health care and society. The 4th Annual University of Utah Translational Hypertension Symposium gathered frontline clinicians, researchers, and leaders from diverse backgrounds to discuss the intersection of these 2 critical social and public health phenomena and to highlight preexisting disparities in hypertension treatment and control exacerbated by COVID‐19. The discussion underscored environmental and socioeconomic factors that are deeply embedded in US health care and research that impact inequities in hypertension. Structural racism plays a central role at both the health system and individual levels. At the same time, virtual healthcare platforms are being accelerated into widespread use by COVID‐19, which may widen the divide in healthcare access across levels of wealth, geography, and education. Blood pressure control rates are declining, especially among communities of color and those without health insurance or access to health care. Hypertension awareness, therapeutic lifestyle changes, and evidence‐based pharmacotherapy are essential. There is a need to improve the implementation of community‐based interventions and blood pressure self‐monitoring, which can help build patient trust and increase healthcare engagement.

scholarly journals Doing nothing does something: Embodiment and data in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172093393
Author(s):  
Mickey Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Current

The COVID-19 pandemic redefines how we think about the body, physiologically and socially. But what does it mean to have and to be a body in the COVID-19 pandemic? The COVID-19 pandemic offers data scholars the unique opportunity, and perhaps obligation, to revisit and reinvent the fundamental concepts of our mediated experiences. The article critiques the data double, a longstanding concept in critical data and media studies, as incompatible with the current public health and social distancing imperative. The data double, instead, is now the presupposition of a new data entity, which will emerge out of a current data shimmer: a long-sustaining transition that blurs the older boundaries of bodies and the social, and establishes new ethical boundaries around the (in)activity and (im)mobility of doing nothing to do something. The data double faces a unique dynamic in the COVID-19 pandemic between boredom and exhaustion. Following the currently simple rule to stay home presents data scholars the opportunity to revisit the meaning of data as something given, a shimmering embodied relationship with data that contributes to the common good in a global health crisis.

scholarly journals "Get back to where you once belonged": monitoring the AIDS pandemic in the 21st century

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1719-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Inácio Bastos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Deliberate Effort

This paper reviews the concepts and methodological strategies that have shaped the monitoring of the AIDS pandemic, today in its third decade. A deliberate effort was made to highlight aspects usually forgotten by the canon. The paper aims to track the footsteps of the evolving strategies in the field of surveillance & monitoring, with the help of disciplines such as epidemiology, molecular biology, social, and behavioral sciences. The deep divide that opposes societies severely affected by the epidemic and affluent societies much less affected by the epidemic is contrasted with the scarce human and financial resources of the societies facing harshest epidemic vis-à-vis the comprehensiveness of the response to the epidemic in their affluent counterparts in terms of the scope and high standards of their initiatives on monitoring, prevention, management & care. The pressing need to implement feasible alternatives to the current sophisticated and expensive ones is briefly discussed. Beyond the renewed challenge posed to the creativity of scientists and health professionals, the AIDS pandemic is described as a major public health crisis, compromising the social fabric in some contexts, and as a never fulfilled calling for an ethics of solidarity between different societies and different social strata of each given society.

The Social Determinants of Health in a Community Context: Lessons for Sociological Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Tim Knapp ◽  
Lisa Hall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Sociological Practice ◽  
The Social

Much of the research on the social determinants of health has been done at national or international comparative levels. Findings from these studies highlight the importance of macro social factors that affect health outcomes, such as limited and unequal access to health care and the effects of racial discrimination, economic inequality, and patriarchy. However, such macro-level research provides limited information about how applied and clinical sociologists can address local social determinants of health and improve the well-being of individuals and community residents. Results from a county-level public health survey shed more specific light on how interpersonal networks, social activities, and neighborhood characteristics affect people’s physical and mental health. The results can be utilized by clinical and applied sociologists who counsel individuals and work to invigorate neighborhoods, and by public health officials who develop and reform community-level health policies and programs.

scholarly journals Developing a timeline for evaluating public health nutrition policy interventions. What are the outcomes and when should we expect to see them?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie I Macdiarmid ◽  
Jennifer Loe ◽  
Flora Douglas ◽  
Anne Ludbrook ◽  
Caroline Comerford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Food Literacy ◽  
Policy Interventions

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a timeline for evaluating public health nutrition policy interventions.DesignConcept mapping, a stakeholder-driven approach for developing an evaluation framework to estimate the ‘time to impact’ for policy interventions. The Schools (Health Promotion and Nutrition) (Scotland) Act 2007 was used as the model to develop the evaluation timeline as it had typical characteristics of government policy. Concept mapping requires stakeholders to generate a list of the potential outcomes, sort and rate the outcomes. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster data analysis were used to develop an anticipated timeline to impact for the policy.SettingUnited Kingdom.SubjectsOne hundred and eleven stakeholders representing nutrition, public health, medicine, education and catering in a range of sectors: research, policy, local government, National Health Service and schools.ResultsEighty-five possible outcomes were identified and grouped into thirteen clusters describing higher-level themes (e.g. long-term health, food literacy, economics, behaviour, diet, education). Negative and unintended consequences were anticipated relatively soon after implementation of the policy, whereas positive outcomes (e.g. dietary changes, health benefits) were thought likely to take longer to emerge. Stakeholders responsible for implementing the legislation anticipated that it would take longer to observe changes than those from policy or research.ConclusionsDeveloping an anticipated timeline provides a realistic framework upon which to base an outcome evaluation for policy interventions and identifies positive and negative outcomes as well as considering possible unintended consequences. It offers benefit to both policy makers and researchers in mapping the progress expected towards long-term health goals and outcomes.

scholarly journals The role of spirituality in the COVID-19 pandemic: a spiritual hotline project

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Renato Castro Ribeiro ◽  
Rodolfo Furlan Damiano ◽  
Ricardo Marujo ◽  
Fabio Nasri ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important Approach

Abstract Recent correspondence letters to the editor of this journal pointed out to the need of implementing psychological support during the pandemic and post-pandemic period to both general and frontline workers. Especially, they highlighted the importance of religious/spiritual interventions in order to provide an integral and holistic care. In this perspective, an important consequence of the social isolation is the closure of churches and the suspension of religious meetings in order to avoid agglomeration and contagion. However, although this is a very important approach in terms of public health, a question is raised: how to promote spiritual care and help spiritual/religious individuals to cope with their problems while maintaining compliance with social isolation? To address this question, we report the Spiritual Hotline Project, a project designed by many Brazilian healthcare workers intended to give spiritual and religious assistance to people with different cultural background. So far, the hotline was able to assist people from different parts of the world, including Brazil and Portugal as well as with different religious affiliation, in order to provide a spiritual comfort and care during this public health crisis.

scholarly journals Dengue 2009-2017: Políticas Públicas de Salud en la Provincia de Córdoba / Dengue 2009-2017: Public Policies in Health in the Province of Córdoba

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
José Emilio Ortega ◽  
Santiago Martín Espósito
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
National Context ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right

El dengue es una enfermedad de interés en salud pública por su impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad en el contexto mundial, regional y nacional. En 2009, la recolonización del Aedes aegypti, vector del dengue en la Argentina y en la Provincia de Córdoba generó una crisis sanitaria. Analizaremos el rol de Estado Provincial como responsable de políticas públicas sanitarias, abordando la implementación de éstas a partir de una evaluación razonable y cuidadosa de la realidad, teniendo en cuenta que el derecho a la salud, analizado en clave del Estado Social de Derecho, es un verdadero derecho fundamental. Dengue is a disease of interest in public health due to its impact on morbidity and mortality in the global, regional and national context. In 2009, the recolonization of Aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue in Argentina and in the Province of Córdoba, generated a health crisis. We will analyze the role of the Provincial State as responsible for public health policies, addressing the implementation of these policies based on a reasonable and careful evaluation of reality, taking into account that the right to health, analyzed in the Social State Law, is a true fundamental right.  

scholarly journals Are Health Innovations Techno-economic or Social Values in a period of a Health Crisis? A Reflection on the Field of Public Health through the Examples of Ebola and Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietou Niang ◽  
Sophie Dupéré ◽  
Hassane Alami ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Health Innovations ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Solutions

Health innovations are generally oriented on a techno-economic vision. In this perspective, technologies are seen as an end in themselves, and there is no arrangement between the technical and the social values of innovation. This vision prevails in sanitary crises, in which management is carried out based on the search for punctual, reactive, and technical solutions to remedy a specific problem without a systemic/holistic, sustainable, or proactive approach. This paper attempts to contribute to the literature on the epistemological orientation of innovations in the field of public health. Taking the Covid-19 and Ebola crises as examples, the primary objective is to show how innovation in health is oriented towards a techno-economic paradigm. Second, we propose a repositioning of public health innovation towards a social paradigm that will put more emphasis on the interaction between social and health dimensions in the perspective of social change.

Diseases of Poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Johanna Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Black Panthers ◽  
Neighborhood Problems ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Young Lords ◽  
Post War

Beyond its work on sanitation, the Young Lords responded to a series of other neighborhood problems that fell within the scope of public health. In the fall, the group launched its first children’s breakfast program alongside the Black Panthers. In tandem with community groups and hospital medical and administrative staff, the group was thrust into a larger political debate about the changing structure of healthcare in the city to which it contributed a document called the Young Lords’ 10-Point Health Program and Platform. In what is perhaps the Young Lords’ most enduring legacy, the group brought militancy to a pre-existing campaign against childhood lead poisoning that pressured City Hall to take action on a silent public health crisis. But, why health? Close analysis of this lesser-known campaign reveals that larger forces steered the Young Lords’ turn to health. They were, in part, following the example of the Cuban Revolution, which made dignified healthcare-for-all a signature aspiration of revolutionaries around the world. They were also propelled by post-war changes in the structure of medical care in the U.S. as well as by high rates of illness among the new migrants and the unintended consequences of their greater access to healthcare in the age of civil rights, which ironically also increased the incidence of medical discrimination.

scholarly journals Leveling the Social Gradient in Health at the Local Level: Applying the Gradient Equity Lens to Norwegian Local Public Health Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Fosse ◽  
Nigel Sherriff ◽  
Marit Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social

The gradient in health inequalities reflects a relationship between health and social circumstance demonstrating that health worsens as you move down the socioeconomic scale. Norway’s Public Health Act (PHA) specifically aims to tackle the gradient by addressing the social determinants of health. In this article, we draw on data from 2 studies that investigated how municipalities in Norway deal with these challenges. In doing so, we apply theoretical perspectives, as defined in the Gradient Evaluation Framework (GEF), to analyze the implementation of the PHA at the municipality level. The article aims to describe and analyze how local governments follow the requirements of the act. In doing so, we address the following research questions: Which policies are implemented at the local level to reduce social inequalities in health among families and children? How is intersectoral collaboration carried out, and who is taking part in the collaboration? The article draws on both quantitative survey data from questionnaires sent to all Norwegian municipalities and qualitative interview data in 6 municipalities. The findings show that there is raised awareness of the significance of social determinants among an increased number of municipalities, indicating that the PHA is being implemented according to its objectives.

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