scholarly journals Students’ scientific reasoning on temperature and heat topic: A comparative study of students in urban and rural area

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Ahmad Suryadi ◽  
Lia Yuliati ◽  
Hari Wisodo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Probabilistic Reasoning ◽  
Proportional Reasoning ◽  
Student Reasoning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Essay Test

This study aims to describe the scientific reasoning level of students in urban and rural areas on heat and temperature topic. This current study involved 104 students from two schools in urban areas and three schools in rural areas. The instrument used was a six-item essay test. The result showed that the students' scientific reasoning score was still low. However, based on the Mann–Whitney test, the study found that there was a significant difference in scientific reasoning scores between students in urban and rural areas. Both students in urban and rural areas were indicated to have higher proportional reasoning when compared to the other kinds of scientific reasoning. In particular, students’ proportional reasoning in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. The result also showed that probabilistic reasoning and correlational reasoning of students in the rural area tended to be unstable compared to students in the urban area. The implication is that physics teachers in the rural area should make maximum use of the facilities in practicing student reasoning skills.

scholarly journals Rural and urban prevalence of sexual assault against women in an African population

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-635
Author(s):  
Adeleke NA ◽  
Adebimpe WO ◽  
Farinloye EO ◽  
Olowookere AS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Sexual assault is about the most dehumanizing form of gender based violence against women worldwide. Nigeria and many other countries in Africa do not have National data on women sexual assault. This survey is aimed at generating data on sexual assault against women in Osun state, Nigeria. Objective: To determine the patterns of sexual assault against women in Urban and Rural areas of Osun State in South western Nigeria. Methodology: A cross section survey using interviewer administered questionnaire was carried out among selected 1,200 women aged 15 years and above in urban and rural areas, between August and December 2014. The questionnaire was patterned after WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence data instrument. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 23.75 ±(13.22) years in rural area, in the urban area it was 27.69 ±(10.23) years. 46 % and 54 % were married in urban and rural areas respectively. The prevalence of completed rape was 10.0 % in urban and 9.2 % in rural, while that of attempted rape was 31.4 % and 20.0 % in the urban and rural area respectively. Women in the rural areas experienced repeat sexual assault and suffered non-genital injuries more the in urban area. Having partner and living in urban area were associated with female sexual assault. Conclusions: Sexual assault against women constitutes public health issue in Osun state with rural women incurring greater negative health consequences. Primary prevention strategies should focus at young men and women in both rural and urban areas of the state. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.628-635

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals A study on complementary feeding practices among mothers in urban and rural areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Sandhya Rani Javalkar ◽  
Radha Y. Aras
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential to ensure the growth, health, and development of children to their full potential. Complementary feeding is a process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed, along with breast milk. The objective was to study complementary feeding practices and the various factors influencing them in urban and rural areas.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Urban and Rural area of Mangalore Taluk. Data was collected by interview method among 408 mothers using a predesigned pretested questionnaire, information regarding demographic profile, socio-economic status, complementary feeding practices, etc was collected.Results: As many as 186 (45.3%) i.e., 129/186 (69.3%) mothers in the rural area and 57/186 (30.6%) mothers in urban area started complementary feeds at the age of 6 months. The most common food preferred as complementary food was combination of rice and dal together. The number of meals per day given to the child varied from 2-4/day. The number of snacks given per day to the child varied from 1-4 /day; commonly preferred snacks were Biscuits both in urban and rural areas Bottle feeding was practiced by 181 (44.4%) of the mothers, that included 113/181 (62.4%) from rural area and 68/181 (37.5%) from urban area.Conclusions: Poor complementary feeding practices were observed both in rural and urban areas. Family member’s advice, poor knowledge and influence of baby food marketing strategies have resulted in inappropriate practices.

scholarly journals Invertebrate fauna of Norway spruce (Picea abies) saplings and its connection with the nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Laine ◽  
Juhani Itämies ◽  
Markku Orell ◽  
Sisko Kvist
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The composition of the invertebrate fauna living on young Norway spruce (Picea abies) branches was studied in northern Finland both in urban and rural areas during the summer months of 1988. Attention was given to the total nitrogen, sulphur and phenolics concentration of the needles. The material consisted of 52627 invertebrates from 300 separate spruce saplings. Mites formed the majority of the invertebrates. Most numerous were Ameronothrus dubinini, Diapterobates humeralis and Ceratoppia bipilis. Springtails and spiders were also numerous. The invertebrate abundances were highest in the urban areas of Isko and Linnanmaa, where the sulphur and nitrogen concentration of the needles was high and the phenolics/nitrogen ratio low. The lowest invertebrate abundances were found in Rusko, the most urban area, and Taivalkoski, the most rural area. Nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were highest at Rusko and lowest at Taivalkoski. Possible reasons for the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative study to determine self-medication practice and pattern in urban and rural areas of Etawah district

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Nishant Singh ◽  
Naresh Pal Singh ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
Vaibhav Singh ◽  
Shailendra Chaurasiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: According to William Osler, a great feature which distinguishes man from animals is the desire to take medicine. Self-medication is an age old practice. According to World Health Organization guidelines “self-medication is defined as use of medicinal products by the individuals to treat self-recognized disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continuous use of a medication prescribed by a physician for chronic or recurring diseases or symptoms.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, which was conducted among residents of urban and rural areas of Etawah district, Uttar Pradesh by using 40×5 cluster sampling. The data was collected by using pre designed, semi-structured questionnaire. Proforma included socio- demographic profile, practice of self- medication and pattern of self-medication.Results: Most of the participants who indulged in self-medication in urban areas 69.5% and rural areas 65% belong to the age group 20-39 years. Majority of the participants (51.0%) in urban areas belonged to the nuclear family while most of the participants (50%) belonged to joint family followed by nuclear family (40%) in rural areas. most common reason for self-medication in urban area was the availability of old prescription which is present in 30.0% (60) of subjects but in rural area most common reason for self-medication was high fee of doctor which was 29.0% (58).Conclusions: Most common age group indulged in self-medication was 20-39 years. Most common reason for self-medication was availability of old prescription at home while in rural area, high fees of doctor was the common reason for self-medication.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT DEPRESI ANTARA LANSIA DI PEDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunjung Sri Yulianti ◽  
Anggit Ike Prascika
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Village

AbstractElderly will fail maintaining a balance of physiological conditions, thereby increasingvulnerability to depression. Factors that influence is the socio-economic changes, socialvalues, awareness among individuals and others. More urban environment isindividualistic and socioeconomic pressures are higher, while rural areas have theeducational background lower. The results showed not a few elderly people who returnedto the village because they felt pressured by the situation in the city, the elderly should bealone in the house and no neighbors who could be invited to communicate, so it isdifficult to be happy. But there are also elderly who live in the village reveal feelingdepressed and showed signs of depression. Purpose of the study to determine the levelof depression in the elderly in urban, rural and differences in the level of depressionamong the elderly who live in rural and urban areas.Subjects were elderly who live in the village of Palur Sukoharjo and Kampung SewuSurakarta. Methods of analytical study comparative research design. Measuringinstrument used is the Geriatric Depression Scale. Test data normality using theKolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Statistical test with independent t test.The results of the study obtained significancy value of t-test (two-tailed) 0.001.Conclusion of research is significant difference in rates of depression among the elderlyin urban and rural areas, the elderly in urban areas have higher levels of depression thanelderly people in rural areasKeywords: Elderly Depression Level, Rural, Urban

scholarly journals THE ANTROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON CUEJDIU RIVER WATER QUALITY

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Constantin MIHAI
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Village

Water pollution is caused in rural areas, especially by uncontrolled wastedeposits located in river bed and in urban areas is discharged, irregular,untreated sewage. The Cuejdiu River is a tributary of the Bitriţa River inthe left side,with a total length of 24 km. Evaluation of water quality of the CuejdiuRiver was achieved by processing the results obtained from tests analyzedfor 30 samples, taken on March 17, 2012, between the mouth of the RiverBestriţa and upto the exit of the village Cuiejdi. Analysis of water samples was performedin the laboratory of the Department of Geography, at the Faculty ofGeography and Geology and was taken into account several parameters such asconductivity, pH, total acidity, nitrates, chlorine. The values obtainedwere cartographically represented to highlight differences between thesector that cross of the rural area and the sector located in the urbanarea. Water Management System Neamţ realizes assessments of the ecologicaland chemical status of the river Cuejdiu only in urban areas, classifyingwater quality in relation to general indicators. Thus, data obtained over aperiod of 10 years, from 2000 to 2010, and performing through charts,helped us to observe the time evolution of water quality in the area. Theimpact of human activities is evident in both urban and rural areas. In theurban area the connections made by citizens, particularly those who live onthe ground blocks, to the rainwater system, instead of sewerage systems,lead to the degradation of water quality. As regards the rural area, thesituation is just as difficult, meaning that the waste discharged into theriverbed changes the chemical composition of water.

scholarly journals Fall Characteristics Among Elderly Populations in Urban and Rural Areas in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongkyu Kim ◽  
Misoo Chang ◽  
Eunwoo Nam ◽  
Seul Gi Kim ◽  
Sung-il Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elderly Populations ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Recent Falls

Abstract BackgroundFalling is one of the leading causes of injury among elderly populations. As the population over 65 years old increases, medical costs due to falling will also increase. Urban and rural areas have different fall characteristics, and research into these differences is lacking.MethodsA survey was conducted on 2,012 people over 60 years old between September 1, 2015 to October 12, 2015. Guro-gu (Seoul), Yeongdeungpo-gu (Seoul), and Jung-gu (Daegu) were classified as urban areas and included 1,205 of the study participants. Dalseong-gun (Daegu) and Yangpyeong-gun (Gyeonggi-do) were categorized as rural areas and included 807 participants. Several region characteristics, including population density, were considered to distinguish between urban and rural areas. The survey included questions about fall history, cause, season and time of recent falls, and external conditions associated with recent falls, like floor or ground material and shoe types.ResultsRural respondents were older than urban respondents (p<0.001) but did not differ significantly in gender proportion (p=0.082). Fall history over the past year was not different between the two regions (p=0.693), but lifetime fall history was greater among rural respondents (p<0.001). Only 5.1% of all respondents had undergone fall-prevention education. A slippery floor was the most common cause of falls in both regions, but there was a significant difference in pattern of fall causes (p<0.001). Falls were more frequent in the summer, spring, and the afternoon in urban areas, and in the summer, autumn, and the morning in rural areas. Cement and asphalt were the most common ground materials at the time of falls in both regions, but rural respondents had higher fall rates when walking on soil and when wearing slippers.ConclusionsA fall-prevention program that reflects the characteristics and differences of falls in urban and rural areas should be developed and used to effectively prevent falling among elderly people.

scholarly journals Potential Use of UAV-Based Mapping System to Accelerate the Production of Parcel Boundary Map in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catur A. Rokhmana ◽  
Imung A. Gumeidhidta ◽  
Martinus E. Tjahjadi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Boundary Map ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Use

Recently, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs announces a decree to accelerate a completion of the registration of land parcels of cadaster maps up to a scale of 1:1000. It is known that the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle based mapping system (UAV-Map) can produce orthophoto image with spatial resolution less than 10 cm, but it is not yet known whether UAV-Map implementation is able to identify boundary of land parcel in any condition. Therefore, this paper would analyze the planimetric accuracy that is conformed to the regulation of State Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of National Land Agency No.3, 1997 both for urban and rural areas. Two testing areas are established which located on urban area and rural area respectively. Flight missions are conducted using a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with a consumer grade camera and a navigational grade GPS-INS system. Orthophoto maps are produced by using Agisoft Photoscan software. Digitizing of parcel boundaries are followed both on an existing map and on the orthophoto maps. Deviations in areas are expressed in terms of the RMSE figures. Planimetric accuracies as indicated by the RMSE value are of 0,044 m for urban areas and 0,122 m for rural area. It is showed that all discrepancies of the parcels area are still below the recommended threshold values of the regulation. It is can be concluded that the orthophoto maps obtained by using a low cost UAV-Map system can be used to identify land parcels boundaries and to determine the parcel area.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics, heterogeneity, and controllability of SARS-CoV-2 in the rural area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Li ◽  
Taojun Hu ◽  
Xin Gai ◽  
Yunjun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract BackgroundsFew studies examine the transmission dynamics and heterogeneity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in rural areas and clarify rural–urban differences. Moreover, the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) relative to that of vaccination in rural areas is uncertain.MethodsWe addressed this knowledge gap using an improved statistical stochastic method based on the Galton–Watson branching process considering both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Data were collected from the epidemiological records of 1136 SARS-2-CoV infections after the rural outbreak in Hebei, China, between 2 January and 20 February 2021.ResultsThe estimated average reproductive number R and dispersion parameter k (k < 1 indicating strong heterogeneity) in the rural area were 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.68) and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.10–0.20), respectively. Although age group and contact-type distributions significantly differed between urban and rural areas, the \(R\) and \(k\) did not. Further, simulation results based on pre-control parameters (R = 0.81, k = 0.27) showed that in the vaccination scenario (80% efficacy and 55% coverage), the cumulative secondary infections will be reduced by more than half; however, NPIs are more effective than vaccinating 65% of the population. The presence of asymptomatic infections might affect the estimation of R but showed no significant effect on estimating transmission heterogeneity.ConclusionThe government should pay equal value to SARS-CoV-2 transmission in rural and urban areas and conduct specific prevention and control measures in rural areas. Older adults and children should receive particular attention in such policies, and community contact should be minimized. Moreover, the government must consider a country’s economy and governance when conducting vaccination and NPIs.

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