scholarly journals Dampak Program Raskin terhadap Konsumsi Gizi Rumah Tangga di Pulau Jawa

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eka Rastiyanto Amrullah ◽  
NFN Kardiyono ◽  
Ismatul Hidayah ◽  
Aris Rusyiana
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Endogenous Switching

<p>Distribution of subsidized rice for a low-income household has been one of the government policies to improve food insecurity and eradicate poverty.  From 1998 to 2015, this policy was implemented to distribute subsidized rice for the poor (Raskin) program. Impact evaluation of this program on household nutrition consumption is very important because the level of nutrition consumption is one of the instruments for welfare assessment in Indonesia. One of the problems in this program implementation was the inaccuracy of the target recipient, that was some small part of the poor and near-poor did not receive subsidized rice, and vice versa. Based on these findings, this study aimed to analyze Raskin's impact on household nutrition consumption for both target recipients and nonrecipient. In this study, the data used was Susenas 2015 from Statistics Indonesia, with the scope of analysis covering Java Island. Data were analyzed using the treatment effect method, with the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogenous Switching Regression approaches (ESR). Statistically and significantly, estimation results using PSM and ESR stated that the distribution of Raskin increased energy and protein consumption in each household recipient group, meaning that this program could reduce malnutrition and food insecurity of the poor. To increase the benefit of this subsidized food distribution, it is suggested that the target recipient's data should be improved, and the inaccuracy of household recipients should be minimized.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Penyaluran subsidi beras untuk rumah tangga berpendapatan rendah menjadi salah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam mengatasi kerawanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Pada priode 1998 sampai 2015 kebijakan ini dilaksanakan melalui program penyaluran beras subsidi untuk rumah tangga miskin (Raskin). Evaluasi dampak Raskin terhadap tingkat konsumsi gizi rumah tangga sangat penting, karena kecukupan tingkat konsumsi gizi menjadi salah satu instrumen penilaian kesejahteraan di Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi program ini adalah adanya ketidaktepatan penerima sasaran program, yaitu ada sebagian kecil rumah tangga miskin dan rentan miskin yang tidak menerima Raskin, dan sebaliknya.  Dengan latar belakang hasil penelitian tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak Raskin terhadap konsumsi gizi rumah tangga penerima dan bukan penerima. Data yang digunakan adalah data Susenas 2015 dari Badan Pusat Statistik, dengan cakupan analisis meliputi Pulau Jawa.  Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode efek perlakuan (<em>treatment effect)</em>, dengan pendekatan <em>Propensity Score Matching</em> (PSM) dan <em>Endogenous Switching Regression</em> (ESR). Secara statistik dan signifikan, hasil estimasi menggunakan PSM dan ESR menyatakan penyaluran Raskin dapat meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein pada setiap kelompok rumah tangga penerima Raskin, berarti program ini dapat mengurangi malnutrisi dan kerawanan pangan rumah tangga miskin. Untuk meningkatkan manfaat dari program penyaluran subsidi pangan, disarankan dilakukan perbaikan data rumah tangga penerima dan kesalahan target rumah tangga penerima ditekan sekecil mungkin.</p>

scholarly journals Poverty Reduction Effect of New-Type Agricultural Cooperatives: An Empirical Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching and Endogenous Switching Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhineng Hu ◽  
Qiong Feng ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Shuangyi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Esr Model ◽  
New Type

Agricultural cooperatives have been found to effectively alleviate poverty in developing countries because of their specific socioeconomic functions that allow poor households to overcome marketing and production constraints. However, cooperative evaluations are inevitably influenced by other poverty alleviation measures and rarely consider the characteristics of specific ethnic groups. Using cross-sectional surveys in Southwest China and employing propensity score matching (PSM) and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models, this paper analyzed the participation of poor households in New-type Agricultural Cooperatives (NACs) in ethnic areas and assessed the income impacts of NAC membership by eliminating unobserved biases and group heterogeneity. This study detected heterogeneous policy perceptions and behavioral differences between the member and nonmember groups, and the PSM and ESR model results indicated that, overall, participation in the NACs had a positive effect on household income. The ESR model was found to be more plausible as it was able to reveal the significant income gaps under a counterfactual inference framework. Local policymakers need to focus on the policy perception and behavioral and earning capability differences between groups and increase the balanced policy implementation.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Exposure to Climate Hazards and Reforestation in Selected African Villages: An Endogenous-Switching Regression Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Olayemi Oyekale ◽  
Abayomi Oyekale
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Household Headship

Abstract Background: Deforestation remains a serious concern for Africa’s economic development and global climatic stability. Emphases are now placed on promoting some essential adaptive and mitigation strategies among smallholder farmers. This paper analyzed the effect of exposure to climate-related hazards on tree planting among smallholder farmers in nine selected African countries. The data were from baseline surveys which were conducted by the CGIAR’s research programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). The included countries were Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania and Uganda. Data were analyzed with Endogenous Switching regression considering the endogeneity potentials of climate-hazard exposure. Results: The results showed that Uganda and Ethiopia had the highest average numbers of tree planting with 1.082 and 1.000 respectively, while Senegal (89.86%), Kenya (87.77%), Burkina Faso (82.86%) and Ethiopia (82.86%) had the highest exposure to climate-related hazards. Endogenous Switching regression results showed that climate hazard exposure was truly endogenous going by statistical significance of the Wald Chi Square test (p<0.05) and it was significantly influenced by female household headship, perception of more droughts, floods and low ground water. The number of tree that were planted increased significantly (p<0.05) with climate hazard exposure, degraded land areas, asset indices and residence in East Africa, while it reduced with female household headship. In addition, Average Treatment Effect (ATE) result indicated that an average household will plant 0.745 trees more when it had been previously exposed to climate shocks while Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) revealed that an average household that was exposed to climate hazards would plant 0.54 more trees than it would if it had not been exposed to hazards. Conclusion: The major implication of the findings is that without having previously experienced some climatic adversities, farmers may not see the need to engage in tree planting as a mitigating strategy. It was concluded that many farmers had been affected by climate-related shocks and efforts to safeguard future climate through tree planting should be gender sensitive and concentrated among previously affected farmers.

Distance Traveled in Times of Pandemic: An Endogenous Switching Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110594
Author(s):  
David Boto-García ◽  
Veronica Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Potential Change ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Endogenous Switching Regression ◽  
Endogenous Switching ◽  
Regression Approach

This paper studies the change in the distance traveled by domestic tourists considering the pre- and post-pandemic outbreak summer periods of 2019 and 2020. Using representative monthly microdata involving more than 31,000 trips conducted by Spanish residents, we examine the heterogeneity in behavioral adaptation to COVID-19 based on sociodemographic and trip-related characteristics. To account for selection effects and the potential change in the population composition of travelers between the two periods, we estimate an endogenous switching regression that conducts separate regressions for the pre- and post-pandemic periods in a unified econometric framework. Our results point to heterogeneous shifts in the distance traveled by domestic travelers after COVID-19 outbreak per sociodemographic group, with notable differences by travel purpose and lower relevance of traditional determinants like income.

Food Security in Hawai‘i

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
State Government ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Low Income Consumers

This chapter challenges the uncritical pursuit of food self-sufficiency that has been rationalized as increasing the state’s preparedness against shipping disruption. It argues that this effort might increase food’s cost, and reiterates the point that local food is not necessarily fair as low-income consumers could be sidelined in the push for food localization. In contrast to the enthusiasm for promoting agriculture and local food production in the state, relatively little has been done in addressing food insecurity of the poor, especially by the state government. Food democracy needs to consider food security for all—particularly the poor and the marginalized.

Impact of mobile money access on internal remittances, consumption expenditure and household welfare in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Twumasi Baffour ◽  
Wassiuw Abdul Rahaman ◽  
Ibrahim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Transfer Services

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of mobile money access on internal remittances received, per capita consumption expenditure and welfare of household in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study used data from the latest round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) and employed the propensity score matching technique to estimate average treatment effect between users and non-users of mobile money transfer services.FindingsThe study finds that using mobile money is welfare enhancing, particularly for poor households and the channel by which it impacts on welfare is through higher internal remittances received and per capita expenditure. The results from the average treatment effect indicate that mobile money users receive significantly higher remittances and consequently spend averagely higher on consumption than non-users.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the data employed in this study is limited to one country, the findings support the financial inclusion role and developmental impact of mobile money transfer services. Hence, mobile money transfer services should be promoted and facilitated by the telecommunication and financial sector regulators.Originality/valueIn addition to making original contribution to the literature on the welfare impact of mobile money, the study's use of the propensity score matching is unique.

scholarly journals Estimating Treatment Effects of Unit-Based Pricing of Household Solid Waste Disposal

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Christopher Wright ◽  
John M. Halstead ◽  
Ju-Chin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Annual Reduction

Propensity score matching is used to estimate treatment effects when data are observational. Results presented in this study demonstrate the use of propensity score matching to evaluate the average treatment effect of unit-based pricing of household trash for reducing municipal solid waste disposal. Average treatment effect of the treated for 34 New Hampshire communities range from an annual reduction of 631 pounds per household to 823 pounds per household. This represents an annual reduction of 42 percent to 54 percent from an average of 1530 pounds per household if a town did not adopt municipal solid waste user fees.

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