scholarly journals MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPODOSOLS IN TOBA HIGHLAND, NORTH SUMATRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
B. H. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
North Sumatra

Spodosols are problem soils due to coarse texture, acid soil reaction, low nutrient status, and low soil moisture retention. About 2.16 million ha of Spodosols (1.1% of the Indonesian<br />land areas) distributed in lowland and highland areas in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua. Spodosols of the Toba highland areas require special attention because these<br />forested lands are gradually cleared, but then abandoned because they are not suitable for agricultural development, causing land degradation. This study aimed to evaluate mineralogical and chemical characteristics of Toba highland Spodosols, North Sumatra, and their implication on agricultural development. Three pedons of the Toba highland Spodosols from Humbang Hasundutan regency were studied, consisted of soils developed from volcanic sand overlying liparite tuff under the influence of low temperature and high rainfall. Field observation was conducted in January 2008. Fifteen soil samples were collected from the three pedons based on the depth of soil horizon. Results indicated that the formation of these Spodosols were influenced by parent material, high elevation (1676-1821 m) above sea level), and by high amount of rainfall (2167 mm). The Spodosols in Toba highland were still in the early stage of development as characterized by shallow effective soil depth<br />(22-23 cm), domination of weatherable minerals (39-81%) in the sand fraction and dominated by amorphous mineral as shown by sum of A1 + 1/2 Fe extracted by ammonium oxalate as much as 0.6-12.8%. The Spodosols were also characterized by coarse texture (66-95% sand fraction in E and B horizons), high organic-C content (1.4-37.7%), acid soil reaction (pH 3.7- 5.3), very high K2O in Oa horizon (552-933 mg kg-1) and B spodic or C horizon (812-2028 mg kg-1), and low base saturation (&lt; 5%). The existence of biological processes in the surface layer was indicated by accumulation of exchangeable bases<br />(0.88-1.14 cmolc kg-1 in Oa horizon and 0.09-0.25 cmolc kg-1 in B horizon), P2O5 (181-298 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 3-24 mg kg-1 in E horizon), and K2O (552-933 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 13- 30 mg kg-1 in E horizon). However, these nutrients were easily<br />leached after deforestation. With the sandy texture, loose structure, and no vegetation cover, the erosion hazard is high in the deforested areas. Therefore, lands with Spodosols of the Toba highland, especially are not recommended for agricultural development, rather they should be kept as forest lands.

scholarly journals MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPODOSOLS IN TOBA HIGHLAND, NORTH SUMATRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
B. H. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
North Sumatra

Spodosols are problem soils due to coarse texture, acid soil reaction, low nutrient status, and low soil moisture retention. About 2.16 million ha of Spodosols (1.1% of the Indonesian<br />land areas) distributed in lowland and highland areas in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Papua. Spodosols of the Toba highland areas require special attention because these<br />forested lands are gradually cleared, but then abandoned because they are not suitable for agricultural development, causing land degradation. This study aimed to evaluate mineralogical and chemical characteristics of Toba highland Spodosols, North Sumatra, and their implication on agricultural development. Three pedons of the Toba highland Spodosols from Humbang Hasundutan regency were studied, consisted of soils developed from volcanic sand overlying liparite tuff under the influence of low temperature and high rainfall. Field observation was conducted in January 2008. Fifteen soil samples were collected from the three pedons based on the depth of soil horizon. Results indicated that the formation of these Spodosols were influenced by parent material, high elevation (1676-1821 m) above sea level), and by high amount of rainfall (2167 mm). The Spodosols in Toba highland were still in the early stage of development as characterized by shallow effective soil depth<br />(22-23 cm), domination of weatherable minerals (39-81%) in the sand fraction and dominated by amorphous mineral as shown by sum of A1 + 1/2 Fe extracted by ammonium oxalate as much as 0.6-12.8%. The Spodosols were also characterized by coarse texture (66-95% sand fraction in E and B horizons), high organic-C content (1.4-37.7%), acid soil reaction (pH 3.7- 5.3), very high K2O in Oa horizon (552-933 mg kg-1) and B spodic or C horizon (812-2028 mg kg-1), and low base saturation (&lt; 5%). The existence of biological processes in the surface layer was indicated by accumulation of exchangeable bases<br />(0.88-1.14 cmolc kg-1 in Oa horizon and 0.09-0.25 cmolc kg-1 in B horizon), P2O5 (181-298 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 3-24 mg kg-1 in E horizon), and K2O (552-933 mg kg-1 in Oa horizon and 13- 30 mg kg-1 in E horizon). However, these nutrients were easily<br />leached after deforestation. With the sandy texture, loose structure, and no vegetation cover, the erosion hazard is high in the deforested areas. Therefore, lands with Spodosols of the Toba highland, especially are not recommended for agricultural development, rather they should be kept as forest lands.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics of promising soybean lines adapted to acid soil and the tofu produced

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erliana Ginting ◽  
JOKO SUSILO UTOMO ◽  
HERU KUSWANTORO ◽  
WONG-YOUNG HAN
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Ginting E, Utomo JS, Kuswantoro H, Han W-Y. Physicochemical characteristics of promising soybean lines adapted to acid soil and the tofu produced. Biodiversitas 22: 5012-5022. Breeding of soybean varieties adapted to different agro-ecological conditions in Indonesia is essential in terms of increasing domestic production through extensification. About 20 promising soybean lines adapted/tolerant to acid soil have been available, thus it is necessary to study their physical and chemical characteristics as well as the suitability as ingredients for tofu products. Four improved varieties (Grobogan, Tanggamus, Anjasmoro, and Wilis) were used as the checks. The results showed that one line belonged to large-seeded, namely Tgm/Anj-995 (15.13 g/100 seeds), slightly smaller than Grobogan (16.26 g/100 seeds). Eighteen lines were medium (similar to Anjasmoro and Tanggamus varieties), while one line was small-seeded (similar to Wilis variety). Five lines contained higher protein (40.35–41.80% dw) relative to four check varieties (36.03–38.18% dw). Tofu prepared from Tgm/Anj-908 and Tgm/Anj-991 lines had the highest scores for color, aroma, and taste acceptances; however, the texture was slightly firm, followed by the Tgm/Anj-932, Tgm/Anj-995, Tgm/Anj-862, and Tgm/Anj-888 lines, which had a softer texture. Their scores were slightly higher than those of Anjasmoro. This suggests that selected soybean promising lines tolerant to acid soil have better physical and nutritional performances relative to their check varieties, with six lines suitable for tofu ingredients.

scholarly journals Changes in the Content of Soil Phosphorus after its Application into Chernozem and Haplic Luvisol and the Effect on Yields of Barley Biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Lošák ◽  
Jaroslav Hlušek ◽  
Ivana Lampartová ◽  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
Gabriela Mühlbachová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
P Rate

The pot experiment was established in vegetation hall in the year 2015. Spring barley, variety KWS Irina, was grown. Two different soils – chernozem from Brno (with a low phosphorus content and alkali soil reaction – 7.37) and haplic luvisol from Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou (with a high phosphorus content and slightly acid soil reaction – 6.01) were used for comparison. The rates of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate (45 % P2O5) were increased from 0.3 – 0.6 – 1.2 g per pot (5 kg of soil – Mitscherlich pots). Nitrogen was applied in the form of CAN (27 % N) at a rate of 1 g N per pot in all the treatments incl. the control. Using statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the two soil types both in terms of the postharvest soil P content and yields of aboveground biomass. The content of post‑harvest soil phosphorus increased significantly with the applied rate (96 – 141 – 210 mg/kg in chernozem and 128 – 179 – 277 mg/kg in haplic luvisol). Dry matter yields of the aboveground biomass grown on chernozem were the lowest in the control treatment not fertilised with P (38.97 g per pot) and increased significantly with the P rate applied (46.02 – 47.28 g per pot), although there were no significant differences among the fertilised treatments. On haplic luvisol phosphorus fertilisation was not seen at all, demonstrating that the weight of the biomass in all the treatments was balanced (48.12 – 49.63 g per pot).

CADMIUM IN DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND ITS AVAILABILITY IN SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC MATTER AND ADDITIONS OF LIME, P, Cd AND Zn

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Plant Parts

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

ICTs for Agricultural Development and Food Security in Developing Nations

2016 ◽  
pp. 106-129
Author(s):  
Bhattacharjee Suchiradipta ◽  
Raj Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Right

Development has many faces and complete wellbeing of human population is the most important one of them which in more than one ways involves agriculture and the farming population. Providing needed information at the right time to the rural population is the first step in their empowerment and ICTs can play an immensely important role in providing that information by increasing the dialogue between development professionals and rural people at every stage of development process. According to recent statistics released by ITU, over the last 15 years, ICTs have grown in unprecedented ways providing huge opportunities for social and economic development and this growth can be an advantage to rural advisory services. Providing correct and personalized information needs expert opinions and so multi-stakeholder engagement makes the process more efficient and ICTs provide a very unique and important platform for such collaboration, thus bringing together different stakeholders for efficient partnership. The various tools and technologies can also be tailored according to the needs of end users. But inspite of the advantages, ICTs can only be universally accepted and used when the challenges of accessibility, acceptability, funding, and sustainability are overcome. There are no formula for sure success with ICTs and situation is the best determinant of the strategy to be used and so, a balanced and strategic use of ICTs depending on the clients' needs can best utilize its potential for agricultural development and food security in developing nations.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Productivity of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at Various Afdelings in Bah Jambi Farm PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Amir Fhad Sastranegara Harahap ◽  
Mochammad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North Sumatra

North Sumatra Province, where the second-highest oil palm productivity in Indonesia, has successfully reached fresh fruit bunches (FFB) production of 5,775,631.82 tons in 2016. However, the level of oil palm productivity tends to be unstable and low. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze factors influencing the level of oil palm productivity at the Bah Jambi Plantation PTPN IV, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra Province. The method used in this study was the qualitative descriptive analysis method by collecting secondary data at research locations at 4 Afdeling Kebun Bah Jambi PT. Nusantara IV Plantation. The results of correlation and regression analysis showed that soil factor such as organic C, soil pH, cation exchange capacity and the availability of soil N, P, K and Mg is the most dominant factors in influencing the amount of oil palm productivity which have determination coefficient (R2) more than 90%. Meanwhile, climate factors such as evapotranspiration, duration of light exposure, wind speed and rainfall have the most role in influencing oil palm productivity which has a coefficient of determination (R2) of 95%, 94%, 88% and 33%.

scholarly journals TANAH VULKANIK DI LAHAN KERING BERLERENG DAN POTENSINYA UNTUK PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA / Volcanic Soils in Sloping Dry Land and Its Potential for Agriculture in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sukarman Sukarman ◽  
Ai Dariah ◽  
Suratman Suratman
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
P Retention

<p>Volcanic soil is soil developed from pyroclastic materials released during the volcanic eruption. Althought the soil is fertile, it is mostly occurred in steep sloping highland that is critical to landslide and volcanic eruption. This paper discussed the characteristics and distribution of volcanic soils in sloping dry land, completed with the potential and constraints of their use for agricultural development. This information supports the zonation program of agricultural commodities in Indonesia. Volcanic soils distributed on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, North Sulawesi and North Maluku. Mostly characterized by black or brownish A horizon and yellowish B horizon, crumb soil structure, crumbly consistency, high organic matter content, and low bulk density. The primary mineral composed by hyperstein, amphibole, augite, andesine, volcanic glass, plagioclase, labradorite, olivine, sanidin, apatite and biotite. The secondary minerals are d allophane, imogolit, ferrihydrite, halloysite, kaolinite and gibsite. Soil reaction vary from very acid to neutral with medium nitrogen content (on average). The potential P is low except in volcanic soils in Java. The P retention is high. The Cation exchange capacity varies from moderate to very high. The morphological, chemical and physical properties are good for supporting plant growth, except for those with high P retention. The land suitability classes are very suitable (S1) to marginally suitable (S3) for highland horticultural crops (vegetables and fruits) and estate crop plantations (tea, arabica coffee, and quinine). The limiting factors are relief/slope/erosion hazard and low soil fertility. These limiting factors can be eliminated by applying good agricultural and conservation practices that balance between land sustainability and productivity aspects.</p><p>Keywords: Volcanic soils, pyroclastic, characteristics, potential </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanah vulkanik terbentuk dari bahan piroklastika hasil erupsi gunung berapi dan sebagian besar berada di dataran tinggi lahan kering berlereng sehingga rawan longsor. Makalah ini membahas karakteristik dan penyebaran tanah vulkanik pada lahan kering berlereng, serta potensi dan kendala pemanfaatannya untuk pengembangan pertanian. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk mendukung program pewilayahan komoditas pertanian di Indonesia. Tanah vulkanik menyebar di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara, sebagian mempunyai horison A berwarna hitam atau kecokelatan dan horison B berwarna kekuningan, struktur tanah remah, konsistensi gembur, kandungan bahan organik tinggi, dan berat isi rendah. Mineral primernya terdiri atas hiperstein, amfibol, augit, gelas vulkanik, plagioklas, olivin, sanidin, apatit dan biotit. Mineral sekunder tanah terdiri atas alofan, imogolit, ferihidrit, haloisit, kaolinit dan gibsit. Reaksi tanah bervariasi dari masam sampai netral, kandungan nitrogen tergolong sedang, kandungan P potensial rendah kecuali tanah vulkanik di sekitar kawasan gunung berapi di Jawa yang mengandung P dan retensi P tinggi. Kapasitas tukar kation tanah vulkanik tergolong sedang sampai sangat tinggi. Sifat morfologi, kimia, dan fisik tanah tersebut menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman, kecuali retensi P-nya tinggi. Tingkat kesesuaian lahan sangat sesuai (S1) sampai sesuai marjinal (S3) untuk usaha tani komoditas hortikultura dataran tinggi (sayuran dan buah-buahan) dan tanaman perkebunan (teh, kopi arabika dan kina) dengan faktor pembatas kondisi wilayah berlereng yang berpotensi erosi. Berdasarkan faktor pembatas tersebut maka komoditas dan teknologi yang diterapkan pada tanah vulkanik perlu mengacu pada tingkat kesesuaian lahan dan diikuti oleh usaha konservasi sejak awal agar tanah dapat digunakan untuk pertanian secara berkesinambungan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Tanah vulkanik, piroklastika, karakteristik, potensi </p>

THE SOILS OF OTAGO AND THEIR PROBLEMS

1958 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
J.D. Raeside ◽  
E.J.B. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Soil Pattern

The soil resources of Otago present a challenge to agriculture, for, although much has already been done to promote their development through the efforts of the Department of Agriculture and the imaginative and enterprising work of many farmers, their potentialities are still far from exhausted. Hitherto only the best soils of Otago have been developed to a high productive level, and most of the soils are at a stage of development far below their capacity. As agricultural development expands and becomes more diverse limitations imposed by the nature of the soils will become of overriding importance, and the pattern of agriculture will have to be more carefully adjusted to the soil pattern of the province.

scholarly journals Alkalinized sewage sludge application improves fertility of acid soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julierme Zimmer Barbosa ◽  
Giovana Clarice Poggere ◽  
Maristela Dalpisol ◽  
Beatriz Monte Serrat ◽  
Simone Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Interesting Alternative ◽  
Sludge Application

ABSTRACT Although it is known that alkalinized sewage sludge raises the pH of acid soils, there is limited knowledge regarding its effects on other soil fertility indicators, such as P and K availability and soil organic C content. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate how the application of alkalinized sewage sludge affects the fertility of acid soil. Twenty sewage treatment plants were selected throughout Paraná State (Brazil), and samples of alkalinized sewage sludge and samples of the most representative agricultural soil of the region were collected (covering soils with medium, clayey or very clayey texture). Each soil was incubated for 60 days with doses of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 Mg ha-1) from its region and equivalent doses of limestone. The alkalinized sewage sludge was superior to limestone in the correction of soil acidity (pH, Al3+, and H + Al3+) and P and Ca2+ availability. The sludge also increased Mg2+ availability in all soils, K+ in seven soils and organic C in three soils. The very clayey soils (higher buffering capacity) supported higher sludge doses than did clayey and medium texture soils. The alkalinized sewage sludge application in acid soils proved to be an interesting alternative to recycling this type of waste, because it improved soil fertility and could reduce costs associated with soil management and crop fertilization.

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