SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE EASTERN TOPOSEQUENCE OF MOUNT KELIMUTU, FLORES ISLAND, EAST NUSA TENGGARA AND THEIR POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL USE

Kelimutu stratovolcano is one of the young volcanoes extensively found in Flores island. Studies on volcanic soil properties and their suitability for agricultural development in the whole island are lacking. The research was conducted to evaluate the relationship of elevation and soil properties, and suitability for agricultural development. Five representative pedons at elevation of 550, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, and 1,600 m above sea level (asl), respectively, were studied in the field, and 22 soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The results indicated that elevation significantly affected soil properties and degree of soil weathering. With decreasing elevation, sand content, amorphous material content, and phosphate retention decreased. Concomitantly, clay content, H2O-pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, base saturation, and soil-CEC increased. A highly positive correlation was shown between P retention and NaFpH, Al, and (Al+0.5 Fe) contents extracted by acid ammonium oxalate. Soil-CEC also showed significant positive correlation with clay and silt contents, organic carbon, and exchangeable Ca and Mg. Degree of weathering increased with decreasing elevation as reflected by decreasing silt/clay ratio. Soils developed from Entisols (Lithic Udorthents) at 1,600 m asl, to Andisols (Typic Hapludands) at 1,000-1,400 m asl, and Mollisols (Typic Hapludolls) at lower elevation down to 550 m asl. Soils at 1,400-1,600 m asl are unsuitable for agriculture. Soils at 1,000-1,200 m are moderately suitable for food crops, horticulture, and estate crops. Dominant limiting factors are steep slopes and P retention. Soils at 550 m asl are suitable for food and estate crops, and also lowland horticulture.

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GENESIS AND PROPERTIES OF PEAT AT TOBA HIGHLAND AREA OF NORTH SUMATRA

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v12n1.2011.p1-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bambang Hendro Prasetyo ◽

Nata Suharta

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Highland Area ◽

Phosphate Retention ◽

North Sumatra ◽

P Retention

In Indonesia, peat soil in the highland area is only found in the plateau of Toba Highland, North Sumatra, and its morphologi-cal, physical, and chemical properties have been studied. Four profiles of peat soil were made in the field and eighteen samples were taken and analyzed in laboratory. Most of the properties of highland peat were similar with lowland peat. The differences were in their Al saturation, P retention, and andic soil properties. High Al saturation was resulted from weathering of primary minerals under the acid condition. Andic soil properties were caused by amorphous materials resulted from weathering of volcanic materials in the peat, and P retention was related with the presence of amorphous materials. Phosphate retention of the highland peat was classified high (>60%) and positively correlated with amorphous materials. The presence of amor-phous materials was confirmed by ammonium oxalate extract-able Alo+½Feo. The presence of andic soil properties in the highland peat created problem in their classification. To provide a place for andic soil properties that influence the P retention in the highland peat soil, the soil classification of peat soil should be modified by adding andic modifier at subgroup level.

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Investigation of soil properties and pesticide intensity in crop lands at Tangail region of Bangladesh

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v11i2.57260 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 85-94

Author(s):

TN Shila ◽

MS Islam ◽

MMM Hoque ◽

MH Kabir ◽

MR Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Available P ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Available N ◽

Exchangeable K ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Crop Land ◽

Exchangeable Ca

The study was conducted to investigate the soil properties and pesticide intensity in rice, banana and brinjal growing agricultural land of Delduar and Sakhipur upazila of Tangail district during July 2019 to June 2020. Forty five soil samples were collected from different crop land at the study area and analyzed in the Soil Resource Development Institute to determine the soil properties as pH, total organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available sulfur (S), available zinc (Zn), exchangeable potassium (K), exchangeable magnesium (Mg) and exchangeable calcium (Ca). However, pesticide used intensity was also evaluated through questionnaire survey with farmers and stakeholders in the study area. Results showed that pH, OM, available N, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg content were significantly higher in rice growing land than banana and brinjal. On the other hand, available P, exchangeable K and available Zn content were substantially higher in brinjal growing land than rice and banana. The OM showed significant positive correlation with soil pH, available N, available S, exchangeable Mg and exchangeable Ca (r=0.37, 0.99, 0.31, 0.59 and 0.63, respectively), indicated rice growing land built up these soil properties through increasing soil OM. The available P showed significant and positive correlation with K and Zn (r=0.55 and 0.74, respectively), but negative correlation with exchangeable Mg and exchangeable Ca (r=-0.53 and -0.32, respectively). The exchangeable K showed significant and positive correlation with available Zn (r=0.45) but negative correlation with exchangeable Mg (r=-0.37). The Mg showed significant negative correlation with available Zn (r=-0.45) but positive correlation with exchangeable Ca (r=0.87). Results also revealed that pesticide used intensity was higher in brinjal followed by banana and minimum in rice crop. Study suggests that farmers require up-to-date information on soil nutrient status so that they may use the proper utilization of fertilizers and avoid using excessive amounts of fertilizers and pesticides in their crop land. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 85-94, Dec 2021

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TANAH VULKANIK DI LAHAN KERING BERLERENG DAN POTENSINYA UNTUK PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA / Volcanic Soils in Sloping Dry Land and Its Potential for Agriculture in Indonesia

Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jp3.v39n1.2020.p21-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Sukarman Sukarman ◽

Ai Dariah ◽

Suratman Suratman

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Eruption ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Matter Content ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Volcanic Soils ◽

Dry Land ◽

P Retention

Volcanic soil is soil developed from pyroclastic materials released during the volcanic eruption. Althought the soil is fertile, it is mostly occurred in steep sloping highland that is critical to landslide and volcanic eruption. This paper discussed the characteristics and distribution of volcanic soils in sloping dry land, completed with the potential and constraints of their use for agricultural development. This information supports the zonation program of agricultural commodities in Indonesia. Volcanic soils distributed on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, North Sulawesi and North Maluku. Mostly characterized by black or brownish A horizon and yellowish B horizon, crumb soil structure, crumbly consistency, high organic matter content, and low bulk density. The primary mineral composed by hyperstein, amphibole, augite, andesine, volcanic glass, plagioclase, labradorite, olivine, sanidin, apatite and biotite. The secondary minerals are d allophane, imogolit, ferrihydrite, halloysite, kaolinite and gibsite. Soil reaction vary from very acid to neutral with medium nitrogen content (on average). The potential P is low except in volcanic soils in Java. The P retention is high. The Cation exchange capacity varies from moderate to very high. The morphological, chemical and physical properties are good for supporting plant growth, except for those with high P retention. The land suitability classes are very suitable (S1) to marginally suitable (S3) for highland horticultural crops (vegetables and fruits) and estate crop plantations (tea, arabica coffee, and quinine). The limiting factors are relief/slope/erosion hazard and low soil fertility. These limiting factors can be eliminated by applying good agricultural and conservation practices that balance between land sustainability and productivity aspects.Keywords: Volcanic soils, pyroclastic, characteristics, potential AbstrakTanah vulkanik terbentuk dari bahan piroklastika hasil erupsi gunung berapi dan sebagian besar berada di dataran tinggi lahan kering berlereng sehingga rawan longsor. Makalah ini membahas karakteristik dan penyebaran tanah vulkanik pada lahan kering berlereng, serta potensi dan kendala pemanfaatannya untuk pengembangan pertanian. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk mendukung program pewilayahan komoditas pertanian di Indonesia. Tanah vulkanik menyebar di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, dan Maluku Utara, sebagian mempunyai horison A berwarna hitam atau kecokelatan dan horison B berwarna kekuningan, struktur tanah remah, konsistensi gembur, kandungan bahan organik tinggi, dan berat isi rendah. Mineral primernya terdiri atas hiperstein, amfibol, augit, gelas vulkanik, plagioklas, olivin, sanidin, apatit dan biotit. Mineral sekunder tanah terdiri atas alofan, imogolit, ferihidrit, haloisit, kaolinit dan gibsit. Reaksi tanah bervariasi dari masam sampai netral, kandungan nitrogen tergolong sedang, kandungan P potensial rendah kecuali tanah vulkanik di sekitar kawasan gunung berapi di Jawa yang mengandung P dan retensi P tinggi. Kapasitas tukar kation tanah vulkanik tergolong sedang sampai sangat tinggi. Sifat morfologi, kimia, dan fisik tanah tersebut menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman, kecuali retensi P-nya tinggi. Tingkat kesesuaian lahan sangat sesuai (S1) sampai sesuai marjinal (S3) untuk usaha tani komoditas hortikultura dataran tinggi (sayuran dan buah-buahan) dan tanaman perkebunan (teh, kopi arabika dan kina) dengan faktor pembatas kondisi wilayah berlereng yang berpotensi erosi. Berdasarkan faktor pembatas tersebut maka komoditas dan teknologi yang diterapkan pada tanah vulkanik perlu mengacu pada tingkat kesesuaian lahan dan diikuti oleh usaha konservasi sejak awal agar tanah dapat digunakan untuk pertanian secara berkesinambungan.Kata kunci: Tanah vulkanik, piroklastika, karakteristik, potensi

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Andisols from Tondano Area, North Sulawesi: Properties and Classification

Journal of Tropical Soils ◽

10.5400/jts.2008.v13i1.77-85 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

. Hikmatullah

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Family Level ◽

Area North ◽

P Retention

Three pedons of Andisol (TN-1, TN-2 and TN-3) developed from young volcanic materials of the Lokon, Soputan, and Lengkoan volcanoes respectively in the Tondano area, North Sulawesi, were studied in the field, and 18 soil samples were analysed in the laboratory for physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, and they were classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy 2003. The results indicated that all the pedons meet the requirements of the andic soil properties, and thus classified into Andisol order. Pedon TN-1 meets bulk density < 0.90 g cm-3, P retention > 85%, and (Alo + 0.5Feo) content extracted by ammonium oxalate > 2.0%, while pedons TN-2 and TN-3 meet the requirements of P retention > 25%, (Alo + 0.5Feo) content > 0.4%, volcanic glass content > 5%, and value of [%(Alo+0.5Feo) x 15.625 + (% volcanic glass)] is > 36.25. Composition of sand mineral fraction indicate that pedon TN-1 and TN-3 show andesitic to basaltic volcanic materials, whereas pedon TN-2 with high olivin content belongs to basaltic volcanic materials. Clay minerals of all the pedons was dominated by hydrated-halloysite with few of disordered-kaolinite, which indicated a little weathering of the pedons. The pedons were classified at family level as Typic Hapludand, medial, amorphic, isothermic (TN-1), Humic Udivitrand, ashy, amorphic, isothermic (TN-2), and Alfic Hapludand, medial, glassy, isothermic (TN-3).

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PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v9n2.2008.44-54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Edi Yatno ◽

Siti Zauyah

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

P Availability ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

West Java ◽

Volcanic Tuff ◽

P Retention

Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (>150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mg m-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly > 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (> 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.

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PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v9n2.2008.p44-54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edi Yatno ◽

Siti Zauyah

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

P Availability ◽

Soil Taxonomy ◽

West Java ◽

Volcanic Tuff ◽

P Retention

Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (>150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mg m-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly > 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (> 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.

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Irrigation Recommendation for Water Saving and Salinity Control in Horticulture in the Semi-arid Lower Cheliff Plain (Algeria)

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw210018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 45-57

Author(s):

Noureddine Abdelkrim ◽

Tarik Hartani ◽

Fernando Visconti ◽

José Miguel De Paz ◽

Abdelkader Douaoui

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Clay Content ◽

Irrigation Rate ◽

Water Composition ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Semi Arid

Salinity and water deficit are two major issues for agricultural development in Algeria. The Lower Cheliff plain, northwestern Algeria, is, furthermore, characterised by semi-arid Mediterranean climate, and soils with high clay content. Our study area was a 4 ha farm located in Oued Rhiou and another 1 ha farm located in Ouarizane, both upstream in the Lower Cheliff plain, and irrigated with waters of different salinities: 1.8 and 5.5 dS m-1, respectively. The plots were equipped with drip irrigation and subsurface drainage systems. Farmer’s irrigation management of artichoke and melon were observed during the respective cropping seasons from September 2010 till June 2011, and from April till July 2011. The total irrigation amounts were, respectively, 364 mm and 240 mm, while the precipitations were 367 mm and 67 mm. The soil properties were determined in the entire rooting depths down to 80 cm for artichoke and 60 cm for melon. In addition to these, irrigation water composition, and crop development parameters were used to simulate soil salinity using the SALTIRSOIL_M model. Simulations and observations of soil pH, main ion concentrations and ECe showed reasonable agreements for June 2011. Next, the irrigation schedules that would have met the water needs of both crops, while simultaneously keeping soil salinity below harmful levels were estimated using the model. For the artichoke plot, a lower irrigation rate (290 mm yr-1) could have kept water deficit and soil salinity below their respective harmful thresholds. For the melon plot, on the contrary, a higher irrigation rate (480 mm yr-1) is able to neutralise the water deficit, though not completely the salinity stress would have been adequate. Farmers’ irrigation practices in the context of the climate, water quality and soil properties of the Lower Cheliff plain can be analysed and improved with the aid of soil salinity modelling.

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A Comparison, Validation, and Evaluation of the S-world Global Soil Property Database

Land ◽

10.3390/land10050544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 544

Author(s):

Jetse J. Stoorvogel ◽

Vera L. Mulder

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Property ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Clay Content ◽

Soil Database ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Global Soil ◽

Mean Square Difference ◽

Methodological Evaluation

Despite the increased usage of global soil property maps, a proper review of the maps rarely takes place. This study aims to explore the options for such a review with an application for the S-World global soil property database. Global soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay content maps from S-World were studied at two spatial resolutions in three steps. First, a comparative analysis with an ensemble of seven datasets derived from five other global soil databases was done. Second, a validation of S-World was done with independent soil observations from the WoSIS soil profile database. Third, a methodological evaluation of S-world took place by looking at the variation of soil properties per soil type and short distance variability. In the comparative analysis, S-World and the ensemble of other maps show similar spatial patterns. However, the ensemble locally shows large discrepancies (e.g., in boreal regions where typically SOC contents are high and the sampling density is low). Overall, the results show that S-World is not deviating strongly from the model ensemble (91% of the area falls within a 1.5% SOC range in the topsoil). The validation with the WoSIS database showed that S-World was able to capture a large part of the variation (with, e.g., a root mean square difference of 1.7% for SOC in the topsoil and a mean difference of 1.2%). Finally, the methodological evaluation revealed that estimates of the ranges of soil properties for the different soil types can be improved by using the larger WoSIS database. It is concluded that the review through the comparison, validation, and evaluation provides a good overview of the strengths and the weaknesses of S-World. The three approaches to review the database each provide specific insights regarding the quality of the database. Specific evaluation criteria for an application will determine whether S-World is a suitable soil database for use in global environmental studies.

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Remaining phosphorus and sodium fluoride pH in soils with different clay contents and clay mineralogies

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2004000300006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 241-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marcelo Eduardo Alves ◽

Arquimedes Lavorenti

Keyword(s):

Buffer Capacity ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Clay Mineralogy ◽

Clay Content ◽

Response Curves ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Ph Values ◽

Soil Clay ◽

Soil Clay Content ◽

Discriminatory Capacity

The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.

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